Endoscopic decompression combined with interspinous process implant fusion for lumbar spinal stenosis

Objective： To propose a new technique to treat lumbar spinal stenosis with median approach endoscopic decompression combined with interspinous process implant fusion and evaluate the initial clinical outcome.
Methods： This study involved 30 patients who had neurogenic commitment claudication over 2 years and were resistant to conservative therapy. All cases were treated using the median approach endoscopic decompression combined with interspinous process implant fusion in 2006. Clinical signs and radicular pain were noted and evaluated preoperatively and at the 1st month and 3rd month postoperatively. Japanese Orthopedic Association （JOA） score was used to evaluate leg and back pain. X-ray films at flexion and extension were applied to evaluate the range of motion at involved segments. Results： There was a significant increase in JOA score postoperatively, but no significant difference preoperatively or postoperatively between the two groups.The range of motion at involved segments was significantly higher in the control group.
Conclusions： The median approach endoscopic decompression is an ideal method for bilateral radiculopathy resulting from lumbar spinal canal stenosis. The combination with interspinous process implant fusion can stabilize the spine. The initial clinical outcome is exllent. Preservation of adjacent level disease can be assessed only in long-term follow-up.     

双节段后路腰椎椎体间融合术单侧椎弓根钉固定的生物力学稳定性

目的 分析对模拟双节段腰椎后路椎体间融合术(PLIF)采用单侧椎弓根钉固定(单侧固定)的生物力学稳定性.方法 将6具新鲜成人尸体腰椎标本(L2～S2)分别制备成L4～S1的PLIF模型,应用MTS 858实验机模拟产生屈伸、侧弯、轴向旋转,并按初始状态、单侧不稳、单侧不稳-单侧固定、双侧不稳-单侧固定、双侧不稳-双侧固定、双侧不稳的顺序进行测试,动态摄取记录各个节段角位移运动范围(ROM)与中性区值(NZ).结果 单侧不稳-单侧固定屈伸、侧弯、轴向旋转方向ROM值依次为2.53±1.12、4.03±2.19、2.78±1.00,NZ值依次为1.14±0.70、1.96±1.13、1.28±0.71,均显著小于初始状态(P<0.05),相比双侧不稳-双侧固定,各方向ROM与NZ值分别增加60.13%与17.52%、315.46%与243.86%、8.17%与6.20%,但差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).双侧不稳-单侧固定侧弯与旋转状态ROM与NZ值较双侧不稳-双侧固定显著增加(P<0.05).结论 单侧固定对人腰椎标本模拟双节段单侧PLIF可提供与双侧固定相似的生物力学稳定性,而对于模拟双节段双侧PLIF则单侧固定在大多数三维运动方向上不能提供足够的力学稳定性.

Abstract：

Objective To analyze the biomechanical efficacy of unilateral pedicle screw fixation on human cadaveric lumbar spine model simulated by two-level posterior lumbar interbody fusion (PLIF). Methods Six fresh-frozen adult human cadaveric lumbar spine motion segments (L2-S2) were simulated to unilateral/bilateral L4-S1 PLIF constructs augmented by unilateral/bilateral pedicle screw fixation sequentially and respectively. All configurations were tested by MTS 858 in the following sequential construct order: the intact, UI (unilateral instability), UIUF1C (unilateral instability via unilateral pedicle screw fixation plus one cage) , BIUF1C (bilateral instability via unilateral pedicle screw fixation plus one cage) , BIBF1C (bilateral instability via bilateral pedicle screw fixation plus one cage) and BI (bilateral instability without pedicle screw and cage). Each specimen was nondestructively tested in flexion/extension, lateral performed between different simulated constructs with One Way of ANOVA and Post hoc LSD tests. Results BIBF1C had the lowest ROM and NZ of L4-S1 fusion segments in all loading models, which were significantly lower than those of any uninstmmented construct (the intact, UI and BI) (P < 0. 05). In flexion/extension, lateral bending, and axial rotation, the ROM of UIUF1C was respectively 2.53 ± 1. 12, 4.03 ± 2. 19, 2. 78 ±1.00 and the NZ of UIUF1C was respectively 1.14 ±0.70, 1.96 ±1. 13, 1.28 ±0.71, which were significantly lower than those of the intact (P <0. 05). Compared to BIBF1C, the ROM and NZ were respectively increased 60.13% and 17.52% in flexion/extension, 315.46% and 243.86% in lateral bending, 8. 17% and 6. 20% in axial rotation, however, there were no significant differences between these two constructs (P > 0. 05). In lateral-bending and axial rotation, the ROM and NZ of BIUF1C were significantly higher than those of BIBF1C (P < 0. 05). In flexion/extension, the ROM and NZ of BIUF1C were higher than those of BIBF1C but there were no significant differences (P >0. 05). Compared to the intact, BIUF1C had lower ROM and NZ except for higher NZ in axial rotation, and there were significant differences only in flexion/extension (P < 0. 05). Conclusions All tested two-level unilateral fixation on simulated human cadaveric model with unilateral PLIF can achieve similar initial biomechanical stability in comparison with two-level bilateral pedicle screw fixation. However in most test modes, two-level unilateral pedicle screw fixation on simulated human cadaveric model with bilateral PLIF can not achieve enough biomechanical efficacy in comparison with two-level bilateral pedicle screw fixation.     

脊柱内镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗中央型腰椎管狭窄症

目的 观察经皮内镜下单侧椎板切开入路双侧减压术(lumbar endoscopic unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression, LE-ULBD)治疗退行性中央型腰椎管狭窄症(Degenerative lumbar central canal stenosis, DLCS)的临床疗效。方法 回顾性分析2017年9月-2019年12月开展LE-ULBD手术的103例DLCS患者临床资料，包括单纯DLCS患者39例，DLCS伴退行性腰椎滑脱(degenerative spondylolisthesis, DSL)患者40例，DLCS伴退行性脊柱侧凸(degenerative scoliosis, DSC)患者24例。分别于患者术前、术后3个月和1年、2年进行疗效评价。结果 3种类型DLCS患者术后3个月、1年、2年的腰痛和腿痛VAS评分、ODI指数均较术前显著下降(P<0.05);但在3种类型DLCS患者的横向比较中，疗效无显著性差异(P>0.05)。术后2年时，3种类型DLCS患者的总体疗效无无统计学差异(P>0....     

Delta脊柱内镜系统下ULBD技术治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄症的早期疗效分析

目的 探讨Delta脊柱内镜系统下单侧椎板入路双侧椎管减压(Unilateral laminotomy for bilateral decompression,ULBD)技术治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效.方法 回顾性分析自2018-01-2019-12采用Delta脊柱内镜系统下ULBD技术治疗的92例单节段腰椎管...     

极外侧腰椎间盘突出症的临床分型及手术方式选择

Objectives To suggest the clinical classification of the far-lateral lumbar disc herniation and offer the considerations for clinical choice of different surgical procedures. Methods According to the locations of the herniated disc and relevant clinical symptoms, the far-lateral lumbar disc herniation was divided into three types: Type Ⅰ: posterolateral and foraminal herniation (double herniations); Type Ⅱ: foraminal disc herniation and Type Ⅲ: extraforaminal herniation. From January 2002 to January 2007, 38 patients with far lateral lumbar disc herniation underwent surgery in the institute. The surgical options were decided by means of the classificasion. The surgical procedures included (1) discectomy by inter-TP (transverse process) approach, (2) discectomy with partial facetectomy and (3) discetomy with facetectomy and PLIF (posterior lumbar interbody fusion). Among the 38 patients, there were 25 males and 13 females. The mean age was 58.4 years old. The herniated discs located at L3-4 in 17, L4-5 in 13, and 8 cases at L5S1. Twenty-three patients were simple disc herniation, 15 cases with concomitant lumbar spinal stenosis. The symptoms and signs of exiting root compression at herniated disc level were presented in all patients and passing root compression presented in 7 Type Ⅰ cases as well; while intermittent claudication being presented in 15 and low back pain in 21 patients. The VAS (visual analog pain scale) of radicular leg pain was taken before and after the operation. The postoperative outcomes were evaluated through the MacNab's method in all the patients. Results By using the new classification system, the 38 patient were divided into Type Ⅰ 10 cases, Type Ⅱ 19 cases and Type Ⅲ 9 cases. The adopted surgeries included discectomy by intertransverse approach in 5, discectomy with partial facetectomy in 7, and discetomy with facetectomy and PLIF in the rest 26 eases. The mean follow-up period was ranging from 6 months to 4 years and 10 months, averagely 2 years and 11 months. The mean VAS scores of radicular pain was 7.4 preoperatively, 2. 7 at 2 weeks after the operation and 3. 1 at final follow-up. The final clinical outcomes by MacNab's method were as follow: excellent results in 20 cases, good in 12, fair in 5 and poor in 1 case. The overall improvement ratio was 84. 2%. The postoperative complications included superficial wound infection in 1 case, insufficient decompression in 1 case and leakage of cerebrospinal fluid in 1 case respectively. No breakage and loosening of internal fixation were detected. Conclusions A new clinical classification of far lateral lumbar disc herniation was suggested, which is significant to understanding the relevant pathology and choosing the surgical procedures.     

Biomechanical study on pullout strength of thoracic extrapedicular screw fixation

Objective:To identify the biomechanical feasibility of the thoracic extrapedicular approach to the placement of screws. Methods:Five fresh adult cadaveric thoracic spine from T1 to T8 were harvested. The screw was inserted either by pedicular approach or extrapedicular approach. The result was observed and the pullout strength by pedicular screw approach and extrapedicular screw approach via sagittal axis of the vertebrale was measured and compared statistically. Results:In thoracic pedicular approach, the pullout strength of pedicle screw was 1001.23 N±220 N (288.2-1561.7 N) and that of thoracic extrapedicular screw approach was 827.01 N±260 N when screw was inserted into the vertebrae through transverse process,and 954.25 N±254 N when screw was inserted into the vertebrae through the lateral cortex of the pedicle. Compared with pedicular group, the pullout strength in extrapedicular group was decreased by 4.7% inserted through transverse process (P>0.05) and by 17.3% inserted through the lateral cortex (P<0.05). The mean pullout strength by extrapedicular approach was decreased by 11.04% as compared with pedicular approach (P<0.05). Conclusions:It is feasible biomechanically to use extrapedicular screw technique to insert pedicular screws in the thoracic spine when it is hard to insert by pedicular approach.     

小切口单侧固定的经椎间孔椎体间融合治疗下腰椎退行性疾病中期疗效评价

Objective To evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with unilateral pedicle screw fixation for lower lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods From April 2004 to December 2005, minimally invasive TLIF through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation was performed in a consecutive series of 43 patients, including 24 male and 19 female, aging from 38 to 71 years, with an average age of 49 years. The length of surgical incision was 3 cm. The operation level at L3.4 were 3 cases, L4.5 27 cases,L5-S1 13 cases and no case was at multilevel. Clinical outcomes were assessed by ODI scores and JOA questionnaires before and after operation. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision status and complications were recorded. Radiological examination was obtained for each patient to assess the height of intervertebral space, postoperative intervertebral fusion conditions and the degeneration of adjacent segments. Results The mean operation time was 110 minutes, the mean blood loss was 150 ml and all the incisions were healed primarily. The follow-up time ranged from 36 to 58 months. The ODI scores decreased significantly from 60 ± 10 preoperatively to 12 ±4 postoperatively(P < 0. 01). The JOA scores were improved remarkably from 9. 6±2. 2 preoperatively to 23. 8±2.0 postoperatively ( P < 0. 01 ) and the proportion with optimal effect was 86%. The ventral and dorsal heights of intervertebral disc were significantly higher than those before operation ( P < 0. 01). The fusion rate was 94%. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration was 17%. There were no complications such as secondary scoliosis, screw loosening, internal fixation failure and cage slippage. Conclusions The minimally invasive TLIF through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation is an effective and convenient method with little surgical trauma. The mid-term follow up results showed favorable outcomes in patients receiving this surgery.     

小切口单侧固定的经椎间孔椎体间融合治疗下腰椎退行性疾病中期疗效评价

Objective To evaluate the mid-term clinical outcomes of minimally invasive transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion (TLIF) with unilateral pedicle screw fixation for lower lumbar degenerative diseases. Methods From April 2004 to December 2005, minimally invasive TLIF through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation was performed in a consecutive series of 43 patients, including 24 male and 19 female, aging from 38 to 71 years, with an average age of 49 years. The length of surgical incision was 3 cm. The operation level at L3.4 were 3 cases, L4.5 27 cases,L5-S1 13 cases and no case was at multilevel. Clinical outcomes were assessed by ODI scores and JOA questionnaires before and after operation. Operation time, intraoperative blood loss, incision status and complications were recorded. Radiological examination was obtained for each patient to assess the height of intervertebral space, postoperative intervertebral fusion conditions and the degeneration of adjacent segments. Results The mean operation time was 110 minutes, the mean blood loss was 150 ml and all the incisions were healed primarily. The follow-up time ranged from 36 to 58 months. The ODI scores decreased significantly from 60 ± 10 preoperatively to 12 ±4 postoperatively(P < 0. 01). The JOA scores were improved remarkably from 9. 6±2. 2 preoperatively to 23. 8±2.0 postoperatively ( P < 0. 01 ) and the proportion with optimal effect was 86%. The ventral and dorsal heights of intervertebral disc were significantly higher than those before operation ( P < 0. 01). The fusion rate was 94%. The incidence of adjacent segment degeneration was 17%. There were no complications such as secondary scoliosis, screw loosening, internal fixation failure and cage slippage. Conclusions The minimally invasive TLIF through paramedian approach with unilateral pedicle screw fixation is an effective and convenient method with little surgical trauma. The mid-term follow up results showed favorable outcomes in patients receiving this surgery.     

后前入路治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴双侧关节突绞锁

目的 探讨后前路减压、前路固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴双侧关节突绞锁的可行性及临床效果.方法 2000年3月至2008年5月,手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴双侧关节突绞锁37例.男21例,女16例;年龄19-58岁,平均42岁.颈椎屈曲牵张(distraction-flexion stage,DFS)损伤3型24例,4型13例.所有患者术前均行X线、CT及MR检查.用后前路手术减压解除绞锁,然后复位、前路融合并行锁定钛板内固定术治疗.以美国国立急性脊髓损伤研究组(NASCIS)和国际截瘫学会(IMSOP)1990年推荐的脊髓损伤神经定位标准,判断颈椎脊髓损伤的平面.ASIA分级判断脊髓恢复情况.术后每个月摄X线片和CT扫描观察复位及植骨融合情况,骨融合后每半年摄片一次.结果 手术时间为(4.5±0.5)h,术中出血200～500ml(平均360ml),切口均一期愈合.术后所有患者均恢复颈椎椎体的正常序列.相邻节段固定为23例,跨节段固定13例,1例为四节段固定.术后随访16～45个月,平均32个月.术后X线及CT检查示植骨均在4-8个月内融合,内固定位置良好,无植骨块脱出或钢板、螺钉松动、断裂等并发症.术后患者无脊髓损伤加重和ASIA分级的下降,感觉恢复7～20(平均12.7)个平面,脊髓功能平均提高一级.结论 后前路减压、解除绞锁,前路融合、钛板内固定手术是治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴双侧关节突绞锁的一种有效方法,有利于保留脊髓功能.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the surgical strategy of decompression via posterior-anterior approach and anterior fixation in treatment fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine with bilateral facet joints dislocation. Methods This study retrospectively reviewed 37 cases of lower cervical spine fracture with bilateral joints dislocation. There were 21 males and 16 females with an average age of 42 years (19-58). Distraction-flexion stage 3(DFS 3) were found in 24 cases and DFS 4 in 13 cases. All the cases were diagnosed by X-ray, CT and MRI and confirmed during the surgery. Decompression via posterior-anterior approach and anterior fixation had been adapted as the surgical strategy. The NASCIS and IMSOP standard were applied to definite the level of cervical spinal cord injury. The ASIA grading was used for evaluation the spinal cord function and the recovery rate. The X-ray and CT were used to observe reduction and bone fusion. Results The mean operative time was (4.5:±0.5) h, and the mean amount of blood loss was 360 ml (200-500 ml). All the incision healed. The two segments fixation was used in 23 cases, 3 segments fixation in 13 cases, and 4 segments fixation in 1 case. The mean follow-up period was 32 months (16-45 months).Postoperative X-ray and CT showed that bone fusion was achieved in all patients within 4-8 months, without graft displacement, or failure of implants. Spinal cord function did not aggravate, and sensory recovery ranged from 7 to 20 levels (averaged, 12.7). The ASIA grade were improved with an average of one grade. Conclusion To treat fracture-dislocation of the lower cervical spine with bilateral facet joints dislocation, the posterlor-anterior approach and anterior fixation/fusion was benefit to preservation the cervical spinal cord function and reconstruction biomechanical stability of the cervical spine.     

Surgical treatment of Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis: Comparison of anterior vs posterior approach

AIM To compare the posterior vs anterior approaches for fusion of Lenke 5 adolescent idiopathic scoliosis curves,matched for curve magnitude and for the distal level of fixation(dLOF) standardized to the third lumbar vertebrae(L3).METHODS A prospectively collected multicenter database was used for this retrospective comparative study. Our dependent variables included sagittal and coronal radiographic measurements, number of fused vertebrae, estimated blood loss, length of hospitalization and SRS total and individual domain scores at the two-year follow-up. Subject demographics were similar for all group comparisons.Independent t-test was used to compare groups for all analyses at P 0.01.RESULTS For all matched cases of Lenke 5 curves, a selective approach was used only 50% of the time in cases undergoing a posterior fusion. When comparing a posterior selective approach to an anterior selective approach,surgeons utilizing a posterior approach fused significantly more levels than surgeons using an anterior approach with no other significant differences in radiographic or SRS outcomes(Ant = 4.8 ± 1.0 levels vs post = 6.1 ± 1.0 levels, P 0.0001). When the dLOF was standardized to L3, the anterior approached provided significantly greater lumbar Cobb percent correction than the posterior approach(Ant = 69.1% ± 12.6% vs post =54.6% ± 16.4%, P = 0.004), with no other significant radiographic or SRS score differences between approaches.CONCLUSION Surgeons treating Lenke 5c curves with a posterior instrumentation and fusion vs an anterior approach include more motion segments, even with a selective fusion. When controlled for the distal level of fixation,the anterior approach provides greater correction of the thoracolumbar curve.     

显微镜下一侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄的初步临床报告

目的 报道显微镜下一侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄的手术技术及初步临床结果.方法 收治腰椎管狭窄16例,手术仅分离一侧棘突旁肌肉,在手术显微镜下利用高速磨钻磨除同侧相邻椎板上下缘,显露黄韧带;调整显微镜方向.进一步磨除棘突根部及对侧椎板内面,直至对侧侧隐窝,最后切除黄韧带,使硬膜囊和神经根获得充分减压.结果 随访6～47个月,16例中14例间歇性跛行完全缓解,2例明显好转;背部疼痛症状6例完全缓解,8例明显改善,2例改善不明显;神经根放射性疼痛症状的5例,手术中同时行症状侧椎间盘切除3例,手术后疼痛均缓解.随访过程中,症状无再加重病例,动力X线检查未见椎体问不稳发生. 结论 显微镜下一侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄,手术创伤小,效果良好,术后对脊柱的稳定性影响很小.     

大通道脊柱内镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效

目的 探讨大通道脊柱内镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症(lumbar spinal stenosis,LSS)的临床疗效.方法 纳入2018年1月～2020年6月本院收治的75例LSS患者,其中男41例,女34例,年龄(66.59±4.97)岁,L3-412例,L4-540例,L5-S123例;均采用大通道脊柱内镜...     

微创单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症早期疗效观察

目的评估微创单侧入路双侧减压经椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症的短期疗效？方法2010年6—10月,38例腰椎椎管狭窄症患者接受开放或微创手术治疗,微创组17例,开放组21例。记录手术时间、术中出血量和引流量、术后住院时间、并发症情况以及手术前后的腰痛视觉模拟量表（visualanalogscale,VAS）评分及日本骨科学会（Japanese Orthopaedic Association,JOA）评分。结果平均随访7．6个月。微创组平均出血量较少,手术时间较长,而术后住院时间较短。2组患者术后腰痛及功能均有显著改善,微创组末次随访时腰痛VAS评分低于开放组,微创组术后、随访时JOA评分及JOA改善率均明显高于开放组。微创组患者并发症发生率略高于开放组但差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论微创单侧入路双侧减压结合微创经椎间孔椎体间融合术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症短期疗效满意,其长期疗效有待进一步随访明确。     

DELTA内镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症的疗效分析

目的 探讨DELTA内镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄症的临床疗效.方法 选取广东省中医院骨科自2018年1月～2019年6月手术治疗的60例单节段腰椎管狭窄症患者,根据手术方式不同分为DELTA组和MIS-TLIF组,DELTA组采用DELTA内镜下单侧椎板间入路双侧减压术治疗,MIS-TLIF组采用微创管道...     

管状通道下单侧入路双侧减压微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术治疗单节段腰椎退行性疾病

目的 探讨管状通道下单侧入路双侧减压微创经椎间孔入路腰椎椎间融合术(MIS-TLIF)治疗单节段腰椎退行性疾病的临床疗效.方法 2013年11月—2016年2月,同济大学附属同济医院采用管状通道下单侧入路双侧减压MIS-TLIF治疗28例单节段腰椎退行性疾病患者.记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量;测量手术前后及末次...     

内镜下经单侧入路行双侧椎管减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的 报道内镜(METRx)辅助下经单侧椎板间隙入路,行双侧中央椎管和侧隐窝减压,治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症患者的手术技巧与临床效果. 方法 透视下经单侧置入18 min的METRx工作通道,术中通过调整METRx工作通道和内窥镜角度,经单侧椎板间隙入路行双侧中央椎管和侧隐窝减压,从而可保留棘上、棘间韧带和对侧的骨性椎板,以及不影响对侧软组织,临床治疗56例. 结果 单节段METRx操作时间平均94 min.平均失血量为65 ml,双节段操作时间平均135 min,平均失血量为90 ml.平均卧床时间6.5 d.平均腰痛VAS指数从术前6.5降到术后平均3.1.平均腿痛VAS指数从术前7.2降到术后平均2.2,Oswestry功能指数(ODI)也从术前的平均46.8降到术后平均24.6,手术前后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01).Nakai分级评定手术的优良率为84%. 结论 内窥镜(METRx)辅助下经单侧椎板间隙入路,行双侧椎管治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症,不但手术创伤小,而且安全有效.     

大通道内镜经单侧入路双侧减压治疗老年腰椎管狭窄症

目的:评价经大通道内镜系统单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症(lumbar spinal stenosis,LSS)的临床应用效果。方法:对2018年2月至2019年2月经大通道内镜系统单侧入路双侧减压治疗的32例LSS患者进行回顾性分析,男18例,女14例,年龄65~84(70.6±8.4)岁,病程1~12年。32例患者均伴有下肢麻木或疼痛,其中28例伴间歇性跛行,以下肢症状为著。狭窄节段:L3,42例,L4,519例,L5S113例,其中2例双节段狭窄。术前影像学资料显示中央管狭窄型3例,双侧侧隐窝狭窄型21例,混合狭窄型8例。记录手术用时及相关并发症发生情况,并于术后复查X线、CT和MRI;比较手术前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(visual analogue scale,VAS),Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI),单次连续步行距离(single continuous walking distance,SCWD),术后1年采用改良Macnab标准评价临床疗效。结果:32例患者均顺利完成手术并获得随访,手术时间70~160(85.64±11.94)min,随访时间12~24(17.68±2.43)个月。术中发生硬脊膜撕裂1例,术后减压通道对侧下肢短期内感觉障碍2例,均经相应处理后好转。术后影像学显示较术前责任节段的椎管明显扩大,神经根松解充分。术前及术后3 d,3个月,1年腰痛VAS评分分别为4.62±1.41,2.73±1.35,1.21±1.17,1.11±0.34;腿痛VAS评分分别为6.83±1.71,3.10±1.50,1.08±0.19,0.89±0.24。腰腿痛VAS评分术后各时间点与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月与术后3 d比较,差异也有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后1年与术后3个月比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术前及术后3 d,3个月,1年ODI评分分别为38.40±6.48,18.42±2.40,5.48±0.77,3.05±0.28;SCWD分别为(47.48±5.32)m,(52.89±11.23)m,(245.43±18.94)m,(468.97±55.87)m。ODI评分及SCWD术后各时间点与术前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);术后3个月与术后3 d及术后1年比较,差异也均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。术后1年采用Macnab标准评价疗效,结果优15例,良14例,可3例。结论:采用大通道后路经皮全脊柱内镜技术单侧入路双侧减压治疗LSS是安全、有效的术式,具有减压充分,创伤小、恢复快、安全性高及术后并发症发生率低等优点,可最大限度减少对腰椎稳定结构的破坏,是一种治疗腰椎管狭窄症的理想微创手术。     

显微内窥镜下改良工作通道单侧入路双侧减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症

目的:探讨显微内窥镜下应用改良工作通道单侧入路双侧减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症的可行性及疗效。方法:2003年9月～2008年12月应用脊柱显微内窥镜配置改良工作通道行单侧开窗双侧潜式减压中央椎管及神经根管治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症217例,其中单节段163例,双节段54例。术后行CT和X线片检查,并按Nakai标准评定疗效。结果:手术时间25～95min,平均48±13min;术中出血25～180ml,平均37±9ml;切口长度1.8～2.4cm,平均2.2±0.2cm。术中硬脊膜撕裂2例,予明胶海绵填塞,并严格卧床2周,术后无脑脊液漏;定位错误1例,术中予以纠正;无神经损伤、术后感染等手术并发症。术后CT显示椎管减压充分。随访3～24个月,平均14个月,末次随访时按Nakai标准评定,优134例,良63例,可16例,差4例,优良率为90.8%;无腰椎不稳。结论:显微内窥镜下应用改良工作通道单侧入路双侧减压治疗退变性腰椎管狭窄症创伤小、并发症少、疗效确切,是治疗该疾病较理想的微创手术。     

微创经椎间孔腰椎体间融合术治疗腰椎管狭窄合并腰椎不稳症

目的 探讨微创经椎间孔腰椎间融合术(MIS-TLIF)治疗腰椎管狭窄合并腰椎不稳的临床疗效.方法 对2010年3月至2011年1月42例微创通道下行单侧入路双侧减压加MIS-TLIF手术治疗的腰椎管狭窄合并腰椎不稳患者进行回顾性分析;其中男性18例,女性24例,年龄48～79岁,平均61.7岁.病变节段为L3～4 4例,L4～5 26例,L5～S1 12例;其中间歇性跛行伴单侧下肢症状24例,伴双侧下肢症状18例.记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后住院时间、手术并发症的情况.患者术前、术后采用视觉模拟评分(VAS)分别对腰痛及下肢痛进行评分;采用Oswestry功能障碍指数(ODI)评估腰椎功能情况及Bridwell方法评价腰椎融合情况;术后末次随访时采用MacNab标准评价疗效.结果 手术时间120～170 min,平均150.4 min;术中出血50～400 ml,平均147.1 ml,无输血病例;术后住院天数5～18d,平均8.8d;术中l例出现硬膜囊撕裂,l例骨质疏松患者行椎间融合时融合器打入上位椎体中,术后3例发生切口愈合不良.随访6 ～14个月,平均11个月.术前腰痛VAS评分为7.3±1.0,术后3个月及末次随访时分别为2.9±0.8和2.0±0.8,与术前比较有显著改善(t =25.319和29.334,P＜0.01);术前下肢痛VAS评分为7.9±0.7,术后3个月及末次随访时分别为2.0±0.5和1.0±0.7,与术前比较差异有显著改善(t=49.584和41.885,P＜0.01);OD1评分术前为75％±6％,术后3个月随访时为16％±6％,末次随访时为l2％±5％,与术前比较差异有统计学意义(t=43.675和56.323,P＜0.01).末次随访时,根据Bridwell椎间融合评价标准,Ⅰ级和Ⅱ级为40例(95.3％),无螺钉断裂及松动发生;采用MacNab标准评价临床效果,其中优16例,良22例,可4例.结论 MIS-TLIF手术是治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄合并腰椎不稳的一种理想手术方法,但要根据术者的临床经验、手术技巧和医院的具体条件谨慎开展.     

显微内窥镜下单侧入路双侧减压治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症

目的 探讨显微内窥镜下利用单侧入路双侧减压技术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症的手术适应证及临床疗效.方法 2005年2月至2007年6月,采用显微内窥镜下单侧入路双侧减压技术治疗腰椎椎管狭窄症患者53例,男36例,女17例;年龄52～75岁,平均57岁.全部病例均有腰痛、单侧或双侧下肢疼痛、麻木及神经性间歇性跛行病史,其中有双下肢症状者均自觉一侧下肢症状较重.所有患者术前均行腰椎X线摄片、CT、MR等影像学检查确诊为单节段腰椎椎管狭窄症,并结合临床表现排除退变性腰椎失稳、多节段腰椎椎管狭窄.术后患者获得平均16个月(8～26个月)的随访,采用视觉模拟评分法(visual analogue scale,VAS)及腰椎功能障碍指数(Oswestry disability index,ODI)评定患者手术后的疗效.结果 术后无硬脊膜撕裂、神经根损伤等严重并发症发生.VAS及ODI评定结果显示患者手术前后的VAS及ODI分值改变有统计学意义(P<0.01).术后CT显示椎管得到有效扩大,解剖结构破坏较少.结论 显微内窥镜下单侧入路双侧减压技术减压效果良好,复发率低,适用于早期症状较轻的单节段腰椎椎管狭窄症患者.