肾血管性高血压大鼠头端腹外侧延髓一氧化氮合酶表达的变化

采用免疫组织化学方法观察两肾一夹肾血管性高血压大鼠头端腹外侧延髓 (RVLM)神经元型一氧化氮合酶 (nNOS)表达的变化。肾血管性高血压大鼠RVLM的nNOS表达增加 ,说明高血压时该区NO活性加强。NO的前体L Arg能增强nNOS的表达 ,nNOS抑制剂L NAME则抑制nNOS的表达。各组nNOS表达变化的特点在高血压 4w和 7w的动物相同。同一组中高血压晚期 (7w)的nNOS表达和早期 (4w)比较略有增加 ,但无统计学差异。     

神经元型一氧化氮合酶在学习记忆过程中的变化和作用

目的　探讨神经元型一氧化氮合酶 (neuronalnitricoxidesynthase,nNOS)及一氧化氮 (nitricoxide ,NO)在学习记忆机制中的相关作用。方法　采用免疫组化方法观察Y迷宫空间辨别学习训练后大鼠不同脑区nNOS表达变化 ,并探讨特异性nNOS抑制剂 7 nitroindozal(7 NI)、钙拮抗剂尼莫通 (nimotop)腹腔注射对大鼠学习获得和记忆再现能力的影响。结果　学习训练后海马各亚区nNOS样神经元数量及染色强度明显增加 ,而皮层和纹状体区则无显著变化 ;7 NI以剂量依赖方式损伤大鼠的学习获得能力 ,但不影响记忆再现 ,尼莫通则对这两种能力均有破坏。结论　提示学习记忆过程可能伴有nNOS合成及活性增加 ,nNOS/NO在学习获得阶段具有重要作用。     

血管性痴呆大鼠认知功能及nNOS的表达

目的 探讨血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠认知功能、海马神经元结构及nNOS的表达.方法 采用双侧颈总动脉结扎法制备慢性前脑缺血动物模型,40只老龄大鼠随机分为假手术组(S)、模型组(M).应用水迷宫、透射电镜及免疫组化方法对2组大鼠学习记忆、神经元结构、nNOS表达进行观察.结果 与假手术组比较,大鼠水迷宫学习记忆能力在造模2个月后差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),大鼠海马神经元在造模后变性水肿明显,大鼠海马及颞叶皮层nNOS在造模2个月后表达增加 (P＜0.05).结论 海马及颞叶皮层nNOS表达增加,神经元变性,可能导致血管性痴呆大鼠学习记忆障碍.     

丁苯酞对血管性痴呆大鼠nNOS及SS的影响

目的研究丁苯酞对血管性痴呆(vascular dementia,VD)大鼠神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)及生长抑素(SS)的影响。方法采用结扎双侧颈总动脉方法制备慢性前脑缺血动物模型,100只老龄大鼠随机分5组,应用免疫组化方法对各组大鼠nNOS及SS表达进行检测。结果丁苯酞不同剂量治疗1个月后,nNOS阳性神经元表达减少(P<0.05),SS阳性细胞表达增加(P<0.05)。结论丁苯酞可抑制nNOS阳性神经元表达,增加SS阳性细胞的表达。     

大鼠尾核内一氧化氮对apelin受体mRNA表达的影响(英文)

目的研究大鼠尾核内一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)的作用机理及其与apelin 受体mRNA表达的相关性。方法大鼠尾核内微量注射NO前体L-精氨酸(L-Arg)、NG-硝基-L-精氨酸甲酯(NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester,L-NAME)和生理盐水(NS),应用逆转录 - 聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测大鼠尾核给药 4、8、12、24 及 48 h 后一氧化氮合酶(neuronal nitric oxide synthase,nNOS) mRNA和apelin受体mRNA表达的变化及二者的相关性。结果注射L-Arg后大鼠尾核nNOS和apelin受体的mRNA表达明显升高,注射L-NAME后大鼠尾核nNOS和apelin受体mRNA表达明显降低,且均有统计学意义。注射L-Arg和L-NAME后,nNOSmRNA和apelin受体mRNA的表达呈正相关。结论在中枢神经系统,尤其是在尾核中,NOS的活性是NO作为神经递质或调质参与包括中枢痛觉调制作用在内的多种生物学作用的关键因素之一,尾核内NO的神经生物学作用可能与apelin受体作用相关 。     

易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠血液流变学分析

目的 探讨易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠血液流变学的变化。方法 运用双肾双夹法建立易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠模型，常规饲养4个月后检测其血液流变学的变化。结果 术后4个月，易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠的低切、中切、高切全血粘度、红细胞比积、低切全血还原粘度均显著高于正常血压大鼠。结论 易卒中肾血管性高血压大鼠具备了高血压病的血液流变学改变，是研究高血压性脑卒中的理想模型。     

多奈哌齐对血管性痴呆大鼠海马CA_1区NF-κB及COX-2表达的影响

目的观察血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠行为学改变及海马CA1区核转录因子-κB(NF-κB)、环氧化酶-2(COX-2)表达的变化及多奈哌齐干预效果。探讨多奈哌齐对VD大鼠脑保护作用的可能机制。方法双侧颈总动脉结扎法建立血管性痴呆大鼠动物模型,120只雄性SD大鼠随机分为:假手术4w、8w组、模型4w、8w组;多奈哌齐治疗4w、8w组。Morris水迷宫实验检测认知行为学改变,免疫组织化学法检测大鼠海马CA1区NF-κB、COX-2的表达。结果多奈哌齐可以显著提高血管性痴呆大鼠的学习记忆力和反应能力;模型组和多奈哌齐治疗组NF-κB、COX-2表达均较假手术组明显增高(P0.01),但多奈哌齐治疗组两者表达较模型组明显降低(P0.01)。结论多奈哌齐可以明显改善血管性痴呆大鼠的行为学症状,可能是抑制大鼠脑组织NF-κB、COX-2的表达发挥其脑保护作用。     

帕金森病大鼠胃肠功能障碍和肌间神经丛一氧化氮变化的研究

目的探讨6-羟基多巴胺(6-hydroxydopamine,6-OHDA)诱导的SD大鼠帕金森病(PD)模型胃肠功能障碍及肌间神经丛一氧化氮的变化。方法 60只SD大鼠随机分为对照组和6-OHDA组,每组30只,以6-OHDA诱导制备PD大鼠模型。4w后收集大鼠1h粪便排出量;计算粪便含水量;测定餐后2h大鼠胃内固体食物残留率。采用免疫组化法检测胃肠神经丛神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)表达变化;反转录聚合酶链式反应技术(RT-PCR)检测胃、结肠组织nNOS mRNA水平的变化。结果与对照组相比,6-OHDA组1h粪便湿重、干重、及含水量明显降低,胃内固体食物残留率明显增加(均P<0.01);胃窦和结肠肌间神经丛nNOS阳性区平均积分光密度明显降低(P<0.01);胃窦、结肠组织nNOS mRNA水平明显降低(P<0.01)。结论 PD大鼠胃肠功能障碍可能与胃肠神经系统nNOS水平降低有关。     

重症肌无力患者IgG对大鼠脑内NOS不同时间表达的影响

目的观察重症肌无力(myasthenia gravis,MG)患者IgG(AchRab)对大鼠脑内一氧化氮合酶(NOS)表达的影响,探讨NOS在MG中造成中枢神经系统损害的机制.方法将AchRab IgG或健康人的IgG注入大鼠侧脑室,1次/d,连续4次.免疫组化方法观察不同时间点大鼠脑皮质、海马及杏仁核神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)和诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)的表达变化.结果侧脑室注射后1周实验组大鼠皮质、海马神经元nNOS表达量明显减少,后2周实验组皮质、海马神经元nNOS表达下降更为明显,同时杏仁核神经元nNOS表达量也减少;实验组及对照组脑内细胞均未见iNOS表达.结论AchRab侧脑室内注射可引起大鼠皮质、海马及杏仁核神经元nNOS表达量减少,且2周内这种减少效应随时间延长而增强,但未能诱导脑内细胞iNOS表达,提示AchRab尚可通过抑制大鼠中枢神经系统nNOS表达,降低脑内正常的一氧化氮浓度,减弱一氧化氮对脑组织的保护作用,增加神经元的易损性.     

神经元型一氧化氮合酶在血管性痴呆大鼠海马中的表达

目的 探讨神经元型一氧化氮合酶(nNOS)在血管性痴呆(VD)大鼠海马中的表达。方法 将60只大鼠随机分为：对照组、VD12h组、VD1d组、VD3d组、VD7d组。采用反复夹闭双侧颈总动脉方法建立VD大鼠模型，用HE染色观察各组大鼠海马CA1区神经元的数目；应用免疫组化染色和Western印迹方法检测nNOS在大鼠海马中的表达。结果 VD12h组、VD1d组、VD3d组、VD7d组大鼠海马CA1区神经元数均明显下降。nNOS在对照组大鼠海马CA1区中弱表达．在VD12h组表达增强．VD1d组进一步增强，VD3d和7d组表达逐渐减弱。结论 nNOS可能参与缺血早期海马神经元的损害，是VD的发病机制之一。     

Mental illness in England,in Scotland and in Scots living in England

Summary Beginning from the observation that Scots living in England have much higher rates of mental hospital admission than do the English, several hypotheses are proposed to account for this. Much of the excess in rates of mental illness is accounted for by those diagnosed as having alcohol-related disorders and behaviour and personality problems. The results of an examination of offical statistics in the two countries enabled some explanations to be offered. It was found that rates of admissions to mental hospitals are higher in Scotland than in England but not as high as those found among Scots migrants who have a much higher rate of readmission to hospitals than either of the other groups. In fact, if first admissions only are considered the rates of admission in Scotland are not only higher than rates for English natives but also higher than for Scottish migrants. It seems that Scots living in England are somewhat less likely to become mental patients than Scots in Scotland but that once they do achieve this status they are very much more likely to be readmitted on subsequent occasions. It was concluded that there might be two fairly distinct groups of migrants from Scotland to England who have different backgrounds, different reasons for migrating and different psychological characteristics. On the one hand there are stable, economically motivated migrants who move south for definite employment related reasons and who show few psychological symptoms. While on the other hand there is a group of migrants who perhaps have psychological problems and who move more in hope than expectation without definite prospects and who account for the high rates of mental hospital admission found in Scottish migrants.     

Prostacyclin release in the coronary circulation during sustained stimulation in in vitro and in in vivo experimental systems

Prostacyclin release from rat isolated perfused hearts and from dog coronary circulation was studied by measuring immunoreactive 6-keto-PGF1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1a) in heart perfusate and in plasma obtained from the great cardiac vein respectively. Continuous infusion of arachidonic acid at constant concentration in isolated perfused hearts induced an increased prostacyclin release. This release showed a rapid peak within 10 min and a subsequent decrease. Low-flow ischemia induced an increased perfusate concentration of 6-keto-PGF1a but, considering the decreased flow, prostacyclin release was actually reduced. During the whole period of ischemia (60 min) prostacyclin release was constant. In open-chest anesthetized dogs 6-keto-PGF1a concentration in the great cardiac vein was increased after ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery. A prolonged period of coronary occlusion (4.5 hours) resulted in a progressive rise of prostacyclin release. 6-keto-PGF1a determinations in the femoral vein and in the aorta did not show relevant variations during the observation period.     

Neuroimaging in epilepsy in tropics

Epilepsy is a major public health problem in many tropical countries. Also, some of the tropical diseases are major contributors to the higher prevalence of epilepsy in these countries. The etiologic factors responsible for epilepsy in these countries are quite different from those in the developed world. This article discusses the etiologic factors and neuroimaging of epilepsy in light of the conditions in these tropical countries.     

癫痫与抑郁关系的研究进展

抑郁是癫痫患者中常见的精神障碍,严重地影响了患者的生活质量。传统的观点认为癫痫患者因为存在着诸多社会学问题易出现抑郁倾向,癫痫和抑郁是单向的联系,但大量的研究已经证明癫痫和抑郁之间存在双向的联系,一种异常状态的存在可能易转化为另一种异常状态的发展。癫痫和抑郁存在着共同的发病机制。本文主要就癫痫和抑郁的双向联系以及抗抑郁药物在癫痫患者中的应用进行阐述。     

神经介入：回眸2022

<正>2022年,国际上公布了多项大型神经介入领域的随机对照试验（randomized controlled trial,RCT）结果,在血管内治疗（endovascular treatment,EVT）急性大血管闭塞（large vessel occlusion,LVO）适应证的扩展、药物治疗、管理,症状性颅内动脉粥样硬化性狭窄（symptomatic intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis,sICAS）治疗,无症状性颈动脉狭窄治疗,