骨水泥强化椎弓根钉内固定联合椎体成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的疗效分析

目的研究采用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉内固定联合椎体成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折的临床效果。方法采用上述方法治疗脊柱重度骨质疏松性压缩骨折20例。结果 20例术后进行疼痛VAS评分,治疗成功率为95.11%,随访发现无伤椎再发疼痛和骨折,无神经症状出现。结论采用骨水泥强化椎弓根钉内固定联合椎体成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性脊柱压缩骨折是一种治疗彻底、安全有效的新方法。     

应重视经皮椎体后凸成形术的过度治疗问题

对重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者,国内外学者一般采用前路植骨内固定、后路内固定或前后路联合手术治疗,目的是缓解疼痛及矫正后凸畸形.但这些患者大多数年龄较大,椎体骨质疏松明显,易发生内固定松动,因而开放手术并非首选,有时甚至是禁忌.一般认为,开放手术仅适用于有神经压迫症状需要椎管减压者.     

对《椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折》一文的几点看法

据文献报道,椎体高度不足原高度1/3的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折即为重度或严重椎体压缩骨折.以往认为重度椎体压缩骨折行经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)操作困难,但近年的多篇文献报道PVP治疗重度椎体压缩骨折均取得良好的效果.本期刊登的<椎体后凸成形术治疗重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折>一文作者采用经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗重度椎体压缩骨折取得较好的疗效,并强调重视抗骨质疏松治疗.该文值得一读,但有以下问题尚需商榷.     

单侧椎弓根入路椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效分析

目的 探讨单侧椎弓根入路椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 对老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折34例（46个椎体）,采用经单侧椎弓根入路椎体后凸成形术治疗.结果 每个椎体手术时间平均38 min,出血量平均35 ml,注入骨水泥平均4.2ml.骨水泥渗漏率17.4％.术后24 h内疼痛症状消失25例,明显缓解9例.结论 单椎弓根入路椎体后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折,操作简单,手术风险小,术后镇痛效果肯定,远期椎体恢复良好,特别适合中度压缩、多节段骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折.     

老年椎体骨质疏松压缩性骨折椎体成形手术策略及疗效评估研究

目的分析椎体成形手术策略选择（经皮椎体成形术PVP与椎体后凸成形术PKP）治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折（OVCF）的临床疗效和安全性。方法对自2009-09--2012—09行PVP治疗的38例（45个椎体）与PKP治疗的42例（45个椎体）骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的治疗情况进行回顾性分析。结果2组椎体前缘高度保持度PKP组具有明显优势（P〈0．001）,各组术后较术前的临床疗效,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．001）,但2组之间的临床疗效差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。PVP组骨水泥渗漏率显著低于PKP组,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论对于老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的椎体成形术手术策略选择上,需按照个体的具体情况进行分析,总体上说PVP组在安全性上要优于PKP组,PVP可作为治疗骨质疏松的首选方法。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗伴有远位牵涉痛的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的 探讨经皮椎体成形术(PVP)治疗伴有远位牵涉痛骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效.方法 回顾性研究采用PVP治疗伴有远位牵涉痛的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折86例,采用视觉模拟法(VAS)对手术前后疼痛进行评分.采用WHO标准对疼痛缓解程度进行评估.结果 患者术前、术后VAS评分显示术后疼痛明显减轻(P<0.01).疼痛完全缓解42例,部分缓解38例,轻微有效6例.结论 PVP治疗伴有远位牵涉痛的骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折疗效确切.     

球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型椎体压缩骨折

目的评价球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型椎体压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法对29例33个骨质疏松型压缩骨折的椎体,采用球囊扩张椎体成形术进行治疗。测量术前和术后压缩骨折椎体压缩率和后凸角（Cobb角）、VAS评分并进行统计学分析。结果平均随访14.5个月（12～26个月）,压缩骨折椎体压缩率和后凸角（Cobb角）、VAS评分术后均明显改善,术后无不良反应和并发症。结论球囊扩张椎体成形术治疗骨质疏松型椎体压缩骨折是一种安全有效的微创手术方法。     

单侧经皮后凸成形术治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨单侧经皮后凸成形术（percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP）治疗老年骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的临床效果。方法对16例老年骨质疏松性新鲜椎体压缩骨折采用单侧PKP治疗。结果随访8～15个月,平均11．6个月。16例患者术后疼痛均有不同程度缓解,术前病椎平均高度为（17．8±2．5）mm、Cobb角（23．8±2．0）°,术后病椎平均高度为（26．2±3．4）mm、Cobb角（9．5±1．8）°。单个椎体手术时间平均为30．3min,仅1例骨水泥轻度渗漏但无神经受累。结论单侧PKP具有手术时间短、创伤小、术后疼痛缓解明显、有效改善后凸畸形等优点,在规范操作下手术并发症较少,是治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折的良好方法。     

经皮椎体成形术治疗陈旧性重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折

重度椎体压缩骨折多发生在老年骨质疏松患者，骨折压缩达到或超过椎体高度2/3时，因为穿刺困难．常不主张行经皮椎体成形术（PVP）治疗，是PVP相对禁忌证之一。但有学者通过改进操作技术进行治疗，并取得了较好效果。2001年8月-2005年8月我们对12例陈旧性重度骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者行PVP治疗，取得了较好效果，报道如下。     

椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折

目的探讨椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松椎体压缩骨折的术前评估及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折采用经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗的48例患者,其中男13例,女35例;患者平均年龄68岁（50～86岁）。对术前合并症、疼痛缓解情况（视觉模拟评分）、术后联合药物及康复锻炼综合治疗进行评价。结果全部病例均顺利完成手术,均未出现神经根和脊髓受压症状。按视觉模拟评分评价,术前（8.03±0.41）分,术后（2.98±0.47）分,疼痛缓解有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。仅1例出现椎间隙渗漏。结论经皮椎体后凸成形术是治疗骨质疏松性压缩骨折的有效方法,可以迅速缓解疼痛,术后联合药物及康复锻炼疗效更加满意。     

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: a review of current surgical management techniques

Of the estimated 1.5 million osteoporosis-related fragility fractures that occur each year in the United States, vertebral compression fractures (VCFs) are the most common. It is estimated that approximately 20% to 25% of people who sustain a VCF have symptoms severe enough to seek medical attention. However, nonoperative outpatient management for VCFs is often successful in only 75% to 80% of cases. In this article, we provide a comprehensive review of VCFs and of the surgical alternatives for VCF management, including indications for surgical intervention, overview of surgical techniques, clinical results, complications, and areas of future investigation.     

Bilateral L5 radiculopathy due to osteoporotic L1 vertebral fracture: A case report

BACKGROUND: The true incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures is not well defined because many osteoporotic vertebral fractures are asymptomatic. Although the true incidence of neurological compromise as a result of osteoporotic vertebral fractures is not known, it is thought to be low. In this case report, we present a case of L1 osteoporotic vertebral fracture causing bilateral L5 nerve root compression and manifestation of bilateral foot-drop. METHODS: Pedicle screws were inserted in the vertebrae, 2 above and 2 below the L1 vertebra. A temporary rod was placed on the left. An L1 right hemilaminectomy via a posterior approach and a corpectomy were performed. The spinal cord was decompressed. Anterior fusion was carried out by placing titanium mesh cage into the vertebrectomy site as a strut graft via posterior approach, and posterolateral fusion with spongious allografts were added to the procedure. RESULTS: Two years later the patient was completely symptom free and receiving medical treatment for osteoporosis, which was diagnosed as primary type. CONCLUSION: If a fracture is detected on the posterior wall of the vertebral body in computerized tomography (CT) examination with plain radiographs, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination should be conducted in the presence of symptoms and physical findings suggestive of neurological compression. Follow-up neurological examinations should be carried out, and it should be kept in mind that most of the neurological symptoms may develop late and manifest as radiculopathy. The majority of the osteoporotic vertebral fractures can be managed conservatively with bed rest and orthosis, but cases with accompanying neurological deficit should be managed surgically using decompression and stabilization by fusion and instrumentation.     

Managements of osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures: A narrative review

Osteoporotic vertebral compression fractures (OVCFs) are the most common fragility fracture and significantly influence the quality of life in the elderly. Currently, the literature lacks a comprehensive narrative review of the management of OVCFs. The purpose of this study is to review background information, diagnosis, and surgical and non-surgical management of the OVCFs. A comprehensive search of PubMed and Google Scholar for articles in the English language between 1980 and 2021 was performed. Combinations of the following terms were used: compression fractures, vertebral compression fractures, osteoporosis, osteoporotic compression fractures, vertebroplasty, kyphoplasty, bisphosphonates, calcitonin, and osteoporosis treatments. Additional articles were also included by examining the reference list of articles found in the search. OVCFs, especially those that occur over long periods, can be asymptomatic. Symptoms of acute OVCFs include pain localized to the mid-line spine, a loss in height, and decreased mobility. The primary treatment regimens are pain control, medication management, vertebral augmentation, and anterior or posterior decompression and reconstructions. Pain control can be achieved with acetaminophen or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs for mild pain or opioids and/or calcitonin for moderate to severe pain. Bisphosphonates and denosumab are the first-line treatments for osteoporosis. Vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are reserved for patients who have not found symptomatic relief through conservative methods and are effective in achieving pain relief. Vertebroplasty is less technical and cheaper than kyphoplasty but could have more complications. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation can have a protective and therapeutic effect. Management of OVCFs must be combined with multiple approaches. Appropriate exercises and activity modification are important in fracture prevention. Medication with different mechanisms of action is a critical long-term causal treatment strategy. The minimally invasive surgical interventions such as vertebroplasty and kyphoplasty are reserved for patients not responsive to conservative therapy and are recognized as efficient stopgap treatment methods. Posterior decompression and fixation or Anterior decompression and reconstruction may be required if neurological deficits are present. The detailed pathogenesis and related targeted treatment options still need to be developed for better clinical outcomes.     

体位复位经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗无神经症状的胸腰椎重度压缩骨折

目的：探讨体位复位经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗无神经症状的胸腰椎重度压缩骨折的临床疗效。方法2013年1月至2015年3月,西安交通大学医学院附属红会医院脊柱科采用体位复位经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定治疗48例无神经症状的单节段胸腰椎重度压缩骨折（压缩≥50%）病人,记录手术时间、术中出血量、术后切口愈合情况及并发症,观察并比较其术前、体位复位后、内固定撑开后及术后1、12个月的椎体高度丢失率、Cobb角,比较其术前及术后1、12个月的疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale, VAS）评分及Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index, ODI）。结果所有病人手术均顺利完成,获得12个月随访。术中出血量为（75.4±10.0）ml,手术时间为（50.0±9.5）min;体位复位后及椎弓根螺钉撑开固定后的椎体前缘高度丢失率及中部高度丢失率、Cobb角均较术前显著降低,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）,随访12个月未见明显变化;体位复位后伤椎前缘高度恢复＜50%与≥50%的病人于内固定撑开后的椎体前缘高度丢失率相比,差异有统计学意义（t=2.121,P=0.039）。术后随访时的VAS评分及ODI均较术前改善,差异均有统计学意义（均P＜0.05）。术后12个月,3例病人出现伤椎“蛋壳”现象,取出内固定,CT引导下行空腔骨水泥灌注术。结论体位复位经皮微创椎弓根螺钉内固定术是治疗无神经症状胸腰椎重度压缩骨折安全有效的方法,但是对于体位复位未达50%者可能出现术后复位不满意,继续行经皮微创内固定需谨慎。     

Comprehensive management of symptomatic and aggressive vertebral hemangiomas

Conservative surgical strategies are appropriate for most symptomatic hemangiomas causing cord compression without instability or deformity. Even so, complete intralesional spondylectomy following embolization of aggressive vertebral hemangiomas with circumferential vertebral involvement can be safely accomplished. Such a spondylectomy can also prevent recurrence of hemangiomas. Transarterial embolization without decompression is an effective treatment for painful intraosseous hemangiomas. Vertebroplasty is useful for improving pain symptoms, especially when vertebral body compression fracture has occurred in patients without neurological deficit, but is less effective in providing long-term pain relief.     

Bilateral L5 Radiculopathy Due to Osteoporotic LI Vertebral Fracture: A Case Report

Abstract

Background: The true incidence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures is not well defined because many osteoporotic vertebral fractures are asymptomatic. Although the true incidence of neurological compromise as a result of osteoporotic vertebral fractures is not known, it is thought to be low. In this case report, we present a case of L1 osteoporotic vertebral fracture causing bilateral L5 nerve root compression and manifestation of bilateral foot-drop.

Methods: Pedicle screws were inserted in the vertebrae, 2 above and 2 below the LI vertebra. A temporary rod was placed on the left. An LI right hemilaminectomy via a posterior approach and a corpectomy were performed. The spinal cord was decompressed. Anterior fusion was carried out by placing titanium mesh cage into the vertebrectomy site as a strut graft via posterior approach, and posterolateral fusion with spongious allografts were added to the procedure.

Results: Two years later the patient was completely symptom free and receiving medical treatment for osteoporosis, which was diagnosed as primary type.

Conclusion: If a fracture is detected on the posterior wall of the vertebral body in computerized tomography (CT) examination with plain radiographs, a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) examination should be conducted in the presence of symptoms and physical findings suggestive of neurological compression. Follow-up neurological examinations should be carried out, and it should be kept in mind that most of the neurological symptoms may develop late and manifest as radiculopathy. The majority of the osteoporotic vertebral fractures can be managed conservatively with bed rest and orthosis, but cases with accompanying neurological deficit should be managed surgically using decompression and stabilization by fusion and instrumentation.     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折椎体成形术后非手术椎体再骨折危险因素探讨

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折(osteoprosis vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)是老年性及绝经后骨质疏松症患者最常见的严重并发症,骨折患者常有骨性疼痛、椎体高度下降、脊柱后凸畸形等临床表现,严重影响患者生活质量。经皮椎体成形术(percutaneous vertebroplasty,PVP)、经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)及网袋加压椎体成形术(vesselplasty)是治疗OVCF的常用术式,在恢复椎体高度、预防后凸畸形、减轻疼痛症状等方面优势突出。但OVCF患者椎体成形术后存在非手术椎体再发骨折的可能性,在影响手术质量的同时,对患者术后康复、生活质量、经济负担均有较大影响。椎体成形术后非手术椎体再发骨折与骨质疏松进程、初始骨折部位及数量等自身客观因素相关,也与术后椎体高度的过度恢复、骨水泥渗漏、骨水泥过度填充等手术因素密切相关。本文通过查阅近年来关于OVCF患者椎体成形术后非手术椎体再发骨折危险因素及原因文献报道,综述经过统计学方法验证的,具有统计学意义的危险因素,通过患者自身因素、手术因素等方面展开探讨,以期能够为临床降低OVCF患者椎体成形术后再发骨折的发生率提供相关参考。     

骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中生物力学变化的有限元研究进展

近年骨质疏松症的发病率逐年上升,骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折作为其中最普遍且严重的并发症,伴骨质疏松症发病率的升高亦逐年增加,针对骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折损伤机制和治疗的研究亦不断深入。有限元分析法通过计算机模拟人体各工况情况来分析和阐明骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的损伤机制,并且可以清晰反映椎体的各个部位的受力状况。本文综述了近些年有限元分析法用于分析骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折中生物力学研究取得的新进展,再结合新进展探讨有限元分析法出现的一些不足和未来的发展方向,以期更好为预防骨质疏松症患者发生脊柱骨折,避免在日常生活中超出脊柱稳定安全的活动范围提供指导价值。     

Initially overseen vertebral body luxation: diagnosed by dynamic fluoroscopy due to delayed dysphagia

This study relates to the case report of a neurologically intact 13-year-old boy with unrecognized traumatic bipedicular vertebral fracture. He was diagnosed complete vertebral body luxation 1 day later by dynamic fluoroscopy, then successfully treated with surgery that resulted in total recovery. The delayed diagnosis highlights the importance of detailed initial clinical and radiology examinations, even when overt symptoms as diagnostic indicators of severe neurological sequelae expected in similar traumatic vertebral fractures are lacking. A 13-year-old boy, who met with a minor bicycle accident, was presented with two small forehead lacerations but without pain or clinical neurological symptoms for radiological examination, which showed no abnormalities. The following day, however, the patient complained about dysphagia and underwent dynamic fluoroscopy for the assessment of deglutition that revealed a total block of contrast medium. Computer tomography (CT) of the cervicothoracic junction showed a bipedicular thoracic vertebral fracture and a hooked vertebral body luxation causing mechanical dysphagia but, surprisingly, without compression of the spinal cord. The patient fully recovered after carefully carried out protracted distension and orthopaedic surgery with vertebral fusion.. One year after surgery, the patient had clinically resumed normal function, and CT showed a sufficient vertebral bony consolidation with anatomical alignment. This case exemplifies the importance of careful initial clinical examination and spinal CT after accidents encompassing an increased risk of spinal fractures, even if neurologically unapparent.

     

C2/C3 pathologic fractures from polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of the cervical spine treated with percutaneous vertebroplasty

We will discuss a potential role of percutaneous vertebroplasty (PVP) in the management of patients with severe fibrous dysplasia of the spine with multiple cervical lesions and C2–C3 pathologic fractures that may not be a good surgical candidate. Polyostotic fibrous dysplasia involvement of the cervical spine is rare. Review of literature indicates only few reported cases of surgical management with one case of mortality indicating increased risks associated with surgical intervention. While PVP is commonly used for the treatment of osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures, its role in vertebral stabilization for fibrous dysplasia has not been reported. A 35-year-old man with McCune–Albright syndrome and severe polyostotic fibrous dysplasia of C2 and C3 vertebrae presented with severe neck pain, radiculopathy, quadriparesis and myelopathy. The lesion had pathologic fractures, and there was an os odontoideum with cervical cord atrophy at the C1 level. After discussing need for aggressive surgical management and potential complications, we offered PVP due to surgical risks involved. PVP was performed with a posterolateral transpedicular approach without complication. The patient had remarkable improvement in clinical relief of neck pain and improvement of myelopathic symptoms at 1-year follow-up. We present a case that illustrates a potential use of PVP in the management of a patient with symptomatic spinal fibrous dysplasia with associated pathologic fractures who was poor surgical candidate.