何若苹治疗围绝经期综合征经验浅析

[目的]总结全国名老中医学术经验指导老师何若苹运用中医药治疗围绝经期综合征的学术观点和临床经验。[方法]通过侍诊学习、收集分析老师临床资料,研究探讨何老师治疗围绝经期综合征的学术观点和临床经验,对其治疗围绝经期综合征的辨证特色和用药规律予以总结,并通过案例分析进一步阐述何师的治疗特点。[结果]何老师认为围绝经期综合征之病机总属于肾阴不足,并根据患者的临床表现将其分为肝郁气滞、气滞血瘀、心肾不交、心脾两虚、阴阳两虚等五种证型。治疗上选用六味地黄丸加减为主,佐以疏肝理气、行气活血、交通心肾、补益心脾、阴阳并补,并给予患者疏导开解,从整体上调整患者的身心状态,获得良效的同时避免了激素替代疗法的潜在风险。所举案例疗效显著。[结论]何师以补益肾阴为主治疗围绝经期综合征,并兼顾兼证,临床疗效明显,对临床实践具有启示意义,值得推广应用。     

张婷婷教授治疗不孕症用药规律及特色

[目的]整理张婷婷教授治疗不孕症的方药,分析用药规律及特色。[方法]收集2008年至2013年上海中医药大学岳阳中西医结合医院门诊不孕症患者148例,建立数据库,采用频次分析方法分析张婷婷教授治疗不孕症的用药规律。[结果]张婷婷教授治疗不孕症用药最多依次为茯苓、仙灵脾、生地;法则以治肝肾、补脾胃、调气血为主,方药多为补虚药,代表药物有仙灵脾、生地、菟丝子、当归等。药物归经多归肝经,其次为肾经、脾经、胃经。[结论]张婷婷教授治疗不孕症,以益肾疏肝为主,兼以顾护脾胃,养血调经,以通为合,用药推崇益肾填精、疏肝理气之品。     

基于数据挖掘探究中药治疗高血压肾损害的用药规律

[目的] 基于数据挖掘探讨中药治疗高血压肾损害的用药规律。 [方法] 收集中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure，CNKI)建库至2022年3月运用中药治疗高血压肾损害的文献，按照纳入排除标准筛选处方，构建方药数据库，利用数据挖掘技术对药物频次、类别、性味归经、聚类及关联规则进行分析。 [结果] 最终纳入文献85篇，方剂90首，中药144味，累及用药频次966次。使用频次前5位的中药依次是牛膝、黄芪、丹参、茯苓、杜仲。累计用药16类，排名前5的类别是补虚药、活血化瘀药、清热药、平肝息风药、利水渗湿药。中药性味及归经分析显示，常用药物以甘、平为主，归经主要为肝经、肾经、脾经。系统聚类可分为6类，涉及六味地黄丸、天麻钩藤饮等。关联规则分析共提取药对关联规则9条，药组关联规则10条，核心配伍的功效为补益肝肾、平肝潜阳。 [结论] 现代医家认为，高血压肾损害病性为本虚标实，治疗该病当以补虚为核心，随证治以清热利湿、活血化瘀、利水渗湿之法。     

基于文献数据挖掘的男性不育症中医用药规律研究

[目的]研究男性不育症中医用药规律。[方法]检索2012年1月至2016年12月中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)收录的中医诊治男性不育症的临床研究和个人经验类文献,提取方药信息,建立用药数据库,应用频数分析、聚类分析和关联规则分析进行数据挖掘。[结果]筛选出的145篇文献中共有215首处方,涉及235味药,18类功效,共计2 644药物频次。使用频次位于前50的药物累积频率达75.55%,使用频率前7位的药物类别依次为补虚药、清热药、活血化瘀药、利水渗湿药、收涩药、解表药、理气药。药性依次以温、平、寒为主,鲜见大寒大热之药;药味以甘味为最,苦、辛次之;归经以肾为最,其次为肝,再次为肺和脾。关联规则分析显示关联性强的主要为五子衍宗丸方中的子类药物组合,其他还有子类药与补虚药的配伍组合。高频药物聚类分析得到10个聚类方,集中体现出中医治疗男性不育症在补益精血的基础上辨证运用泻火坚阴、解毒导浊、活血通精、理气解郁等治法。[结论]中医治疗男性不育症谨守"正虚邪实"的病机本质,用药以补虚为基本组方配伍,包括补肾健脾、滋补肝肾,兼顾清热、解毒、活血、利水、理气等,契合病机。多种数据挖掘技术结合能更全面和客观地反映男性不育症临床用药规律。     

何若苹治疗崩漏临证经验

[目的]总结何若苹主任治疗崩漏的经验。[方法]搜集整理何师门诊医案，从病因病机、辨证分型两方面总结阐述何师治疗崩漏的经验，再以典型医案为例进一步论述诊治特色。[结果]何师认为，崩漏一病，病因无外乎虚、瘀、热三者，或三者夹杂而致病，虚则经血失于统摄，瘀则经血离经，热则迫血妄行，临床多从脾肾论治，治疗当以补益气血、滋补肝肾而清热化瘀固冲，选方分别为归脾汤合四物汤或补中益气汤、六味地黄丸合二至丸、生化汤合逍遥散或合四物汤加减。列举医案三则，分别为心脾两虚、脾不统血证，冲任失调、奇经虚滞证，湿瘀互结、血热妄行证，经辨证论治后临床均能取得较好疗效。[结论]何师治疗该病根据临床特点辨证审因，严分虚实，查清兼症，而后分型论治，临床收效显著，对中医药治疗该病具有重要的临床指导意义。     

基于数据挖掘探讨名中医何若苹辨治结直肠癌用药规律

[目的] 运用数据挖掘方法研究名中医何若苹辨治结直肠癌的用药规律,探讨其治疗本病的学术思想,以期指导临床。[方法] 收集2009年1月至2019年8月何师诊治的结直肠癌患者的病案资料,利用中医传承辅助平台(V2.5),采用频数统计、关联规则、熵聚类等方法,分析总结何师治疗结直肠癌的用药频次、性味归经、组方规律及可能的新方组合。[结果] 本研究共收集符合录入条件的病例105例,共计192份处方资料,涉及中药165味,其中使用频次50次以上的有21味,主要为补益类及利水渗湿、清热解毒类中药,药物性味以甘平为主,主入脾、胃、肺经。关联规则分析显示,核心处方由黄芪、枸杞、女贞子、猪苓、茯苓、白花蛇舌草、藤梨根、猫人参、苍术共9味药物组成,内含“枸杞、女贞子”“猪苓、茯苓”及“白花蛇舌草、猫人参”三组常用药对。基于熵聚类获得5首候选新方。[结论] 何师治疗结直肠恶性肿瘤以“扶正祛邪”原则为指导,重视补益脾胃、扶助正气,祛邪以清热利湿为主,恢复肠道气机,临床疗效佳,值得推广与借鉴。     

基于数据挖掘的中医药治疗盆腔静脉淤血综合征用药规律研究

[目的]分析中医药治疗盆腔静脉淤血综合征(pelvic congestion syndrome,PCS)的用药规律,为中医药临床诊治PCS提供依据。[方法]检索1994年1月至2019年6月Sinomed、Pubmed、中国知网(China National Knowledge Infrastructure,CNKI)、维普、万方数据库中以中医药治疗PCS的相关研究文献,采用SPSS 21.0统计软件,分别对药物频次、药类、性味、归经进行频次分析,得出PCS用药在文献中的大致分布规律。[结果]根据文献检索策略,经过筛选和排除动物实验和重复研究,最终纳入83篇相关研究文献。口服给药频次前6位的中药依次为当归、川芎、延胡索、丹参、赤芍及桃仁,药物功效频次前4类的为活血化瘀药、补益药、清热药及理气药;外治法给药频次前6位中药依次为丹参、赤芍、桃仁、延胡索、当归及三棱,药物功效频次前4类的依次为活血化瘀药、清热药、补益药及解表药。两种给药方法的中药四气分布温性均多于寒性,五味分布前3位是苦、辛、甘,归经前4位均是肝经、脾经、心经、肾经。[结论]在用药特点上,治疗PCS最常用的中药为当归、丹参、赤芍、延胡索;治法上,主要采用活血祛瘀法,同时重视扶正,辨证运用清热、理气、解表等治法。     

吴良村治疗胃癌的用药规律研究

[目的]探讨吴良村教授治疗胃癌的用药规律。[方法]纳入2014年1月1日至2014年12月31日期间吴良村教授在浙江省中医院门诊诊治的胃癌患者116例,采集患者临床信息,建立临床方剂基础数据库,对处方药味、用药频数、药物性味、药物功效进行描述性分析,并对频次10以上的42种药物进行系统聚类分析。[结果]在116例病例中共用药159种,累计用药频次1816,其中用药频次最多者为甘草,其后依次为茯苓、山药、太子参;药物类别使用频次最高的是补虚药(补气药类最多),其次为清热药、消食药、理气药;药性使用频次最多的为平性,药味使用频次最多的为甘味。聚类分析将药物主要分为5大类,涉及方剂四君子汤、二陈汤,涉及药对稻芽与麦芽、鸡内金与猕猴桃根、蛇舌草与仙鹤草等。[结论]吴老治疗胃癌以补气为主,其主方与四君子汤相类,同时注重养阴清热,顾护胃津,并常常辅以消食理气药物通畅中焦,疏利气机。     

治疗高脂血症上市中成药的处方规律研究

[目的]探讨治疗高脂血症常用中药处方规律,总结中医治疗高脂血症的用药特点。[方法]收集中国已上市治疗高脂血症中成药处方,运用SPSS 19.0软件对各处方中药的用药频率、功效分类、四气、五味、归经频次与频率进行统计分析。[结果]中国目前已上市且功能主治有明确治疗高脂血症的中成药品种有222个,涉及中药饮片212种,用药频率排在前10位的中药饮片分别为山楂、何首乌、决明子、丹参、泽泻、大黄、荷叶、三七、葛根、黄芪。在高频药物中补虚药33种,活血化瘀药15种,药性以温性、平性、寒性居多,药味以甘、苦、辛为主,主要归肝、脾经。[结论]目前已上市治疗高脂血症中成药用药以补虚药和活血化瘀药为主,其次为清热药、消食药和利水渗湿药,反映了高脂血症本虚标实、虚实夹杂的病因病机特点和攻补兼施的用药规律,对临床医生治疗高脂血症遣药组方具有一定的参考价值。     

基于数据挖掘研究性早熟的中药用药规律

检索中国期刊全文数据库(CNKI)、万方数据库及重庆维普全文数据(VIP)、中国生物医学文献数据库(CBM)和PubMed数据库中有关中药治疗性早熟的文献,采用频次统计、关联规则分析和聚类分析等数据挖掘方法对治疗性早熟药物的功效、性味归经和组方规律进行分析。结果显示共纳入符合标准的复方63首,涉及药物93味,使用频率≥50%的药物共7味,依次为知母、生地黄、黄柏、牡丹皮、柴胡、夏枯草、茯苓;频次居前5的药物类别依次为清热药、补虚药、利水渗湿药、理气药和化痰止咳平喘药;药性以寒、平为主,药味以甘为首,归经以肝经为要;关联规则分析常见的组合是知母—黄柏、知母—生地黄—黄柏、知母—牡丹皮—黄柏;对高频药物进行系统聚类分析后得到5个聚类新方。结果提示治疗性早熟的中药用药以清热、滋阴、凉血药为主,同时辅以疏肝理气、化痰散结药。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF SERUM CYTOKINES IL-1β,sIL-2R,IL-6,TNF-α,AND IFN-v IN ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME

Objectives To explore serum cytokines levels (including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v) and their significance in patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) and the subsequent follow-ups, with attempt to estimate the role of various serum inflammatory markers in the diagnosis and assessment of ACS.Methods The study population include 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI), 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP), and 40 controls. Among the 80 patients, 60 patients attended a follow up 4 months later. Serum inflammatory markers including IL-1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α, and IFN-v were measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.Results Serum IL- 1 β, sIL-2R, IL-6, TNF-α were significantly higher in AMI group or UAP group compared to the control group and became significantly lower 4 months later in the follow-up patients. Serum levels of IFN-v shows no significant difference between AMI group or UAP group and controls, also showing no significant change when measured in follow up patients. There was no correlation between serum creatine kinase-MB isoenzyme levels and serum inflammatory markers either in UAP or AMI group. Furthermore, when divided into two subgroups using Wagner's QRS scoring system in the AMI group, there is no difference of each serum inflammatory marker between ≤ 6 scores group and ＞ 6 scores group.Conclusion Serum levels of certain inflammatory markers may have some diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting disease stability.