太极预防老年跌倒的系统评价再评价

目的评估太极预防老年跌倒相关系统评价的方法学质量及其结局指标的证据质量。方法计算机检索PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、EMbase、CNKI、WanFang Data、CBM和VIP数据库,收集太极预防老年跌倒相关系统评价/Meta分析,采用AMSTAR 2工具评价所纳入系统评价的方法学质量,并依据GRADE系统进一步对所纳入系统评价的结局指标进行证据质量分级。结果共纳入11篇系统评价/Meta分析,AMSTAR 2评价结果显示10篇研究方法学质量为极低,1篇为低;GRADE评价结果显示纳入的36个结局指标中,10个结局指标质量为中,20个为低,6个为极低。中等质量的结局指标结果显示,太极组在单腿站立时间[MD=5.33,95%CI(3.35,7.32),P<0.01;WMD=1.76,95%CI(-7.00,10.52),P<0.01]、起立-行走试验[MD=1.04,95%CI(0.67,1.41),P<0.01]、Berg平衡量表评分[MD=2.18,95%CI(0.93,3.43),P<0.01]、总跌倒次数[RR=0.82,95%CI(0.73,0.92),P<0.01]、跌倒2次的发生率[OR=0.69,95%CI(0.49,0.97),P<0.01]和跌倒3次的发生率[OR=0.39,95%CI(0.21,0.73),P<0.01]方面均优于对照组。结论目前太极预防老年跌倒的相关系统评价方法学质量较低,证据质量可靠程度一般,无法证实太极能有效预防老年跌倒,有待未来开展更多高质量研究证实。     

肿瘤患者放射性皮炎预防措施相关系统评价的再评价

目的 对肿瘤患者放射性皮炎预防干预措施相关系统评价/Meta分析进行再评价，为预防癌症患者放射性皮炎循证护理实践提供证据支持。方法 计算机检索循证卫生保健中心、Cochrane Library、CINAHL、OVID、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science及中国知网、万方、维普和中国生物医学文献数据库中关于防治放射性皮炎的系统评价/Meta分析，筛选文献后，采用系统评价方法学质量评价工具AMSTAR 2和推荐分级的GRADE系统对纳入文献进行方法学和证据质量的等级评价。结果 共纳入25项研究，评价结果显示18篇质量等级为极低、5篇质量等级为低、2篇质量等级为中；对70条证据进行GRADE分级，结果显示极低级证据54条、低级证据12条、中级证据4条。结论 放射性皮炎预防管理措施相关系统评价/Meta分析的方法学质量不高，证据质量等级较低；局部使用皮质类固醇和软聚硅酮敷料可降低放射性皮炎发生率和湿性脱皮发生率，缩短放射性皮肤损伤出现的时间；其他药物、皮肤护理等干预的效果有待高质量、大样本的研究进一步验证。     

健身气功对COPD患者康复效果的系统评价再评价

目的 评价健身气功应用于COPD患者相关系统评价的方法学质量及结论的可靠程度。方法 计算机检索PubMed、EMbase、CINAHL、Cochrane Library、Web of Science、中国知网、万方、维普等数据库,检索健身气功应用于COPD患者的相关系统评价或Meta分析。2名研究者独立进行文献筛选和资料提取,并采用AMSTAR工具和GRADE分级评价纳入研究的方法学质量和证据质量等级。结果 纳入16篇系统评价/Meta分析。AMSTAR评分结果显示,仅有3篇为高质量文献,其余为中等。GRADE证据质量评价结果显示,仅9个证据质量为中等,其余均为低或极低。结论 纳入研究的方法学质量整体水平不高,结论的证据质量等级普遍较低。健身气功对COPD患者的康复效果较好,但尚缺乏高质量的证据支持健身气功的康复疗效优于常规治疗,有待开展更多高质量的原始研究进一步证实。     

肝素用于小儿中心静脉导管维护系统评价再评价*

目的：对肝素用于小儿中心静脉导管维护有效性及安全性的系统评价进行再评价。方法：计算机检索Cochrane Library、EMBASE、Pubmed等数据库,检索时间自建库至2017年1月,检索肝素在小儿中心静脉导管静脉维护中应用的有效性及安全性相关的系统评价和Mete分析。采用AMSTAR工具评价纳入研究的方法学质量,GRADE系统对结局指标进行质量评价。结果：最终纳入7篇系统评价/Meta分析。对纳入文献进行文献质量评价,AMSTAR评价显示,6篇为高质量,1篇为中等质量。GRADE评价显示,7个结局指标的证据集群质量等级3个为高,1个为中,3个为低。结论：肝素对维护小儿中心静脉导管通畅性可能有效,但其证据质量有待进一步提高。     

穴位按摩治疗失眠效果的系统评价再评价

目的 对穴位按摩治疗失眠的系统评价或Meta分析进行再评价,为穴位按摩治疗失眠的临床应用提供参考。方法 系统检索中国知网、万方、维普、中国生物医学文献数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、The Cochrane Library、Embase、MEDLINE数据库,检索穴位按摩治疗失眠的系统评价或Meta 分析,检索时限为建库至2023年1月19日。采用AMSTAR 2和GRADE Ⅱ评价纳入文献的方法学质量和证据质量等级。结果 纳入8 篇系统评价/Meta分析。AMSTAR 2评分结果显示,1篇文献为中等质量,5篇为低质量,2篇为极低质量。结果显示,穴位按摩可提高失眠患者的睡眠质量,效果指标以主观评估为主;选穴遵循一定的规律,但缺乏统一。结论 穴位按摩可提高不同疾病类型失眠患者的睡眠质量,穴位按摩常用穴位、按摩时间、频率、时长、周期等大同小异。由于纳入文献的方法学质量及证据等级偏低,其疗效尚需开展高质量、大样本的随机对照研究进一步验证。     

《中国循证医学杂志》发表的干预类系统评价／Meta分析方法学质量评价

目的分析《中国循证医学杂志》发表的干预类系统评价／Meta分析的方法学质量及其影响闲索,以期为改辫阳内卜预类系统＂价／Meta分析的方法学质量提供依据。方法检索《中国循证医学杂志》从创刊至2011午底所发表的干预类系统评价／Meta分析,采用AMSTAR量表对纳入研究的方法学质量进行评价。数据录入采用Excel软什．统计分析采用Meta—Analyst软件。结果共纳入干预类系统评价／Meta分析379篇．其AMSTAR量表平均得分6．15±1．35分（1．5～9．5分）：纳入研究的发表年代、是否有基金资助、作者数、作者单位性质和作者单位数仅对AMSTAR艟表部分条日评分有影响。2008年及其以后发表的系统评价／Meta分析的AMSTAR总分高于2008年以11订（P=0．02）,但提高程度有限,作者数≥3人的系统评价／Meta分析AMSTAR总分高于≤2人者（P=O．04）。结论《中国循证医学杂志》发表的十预类系统评价／Meta分析方法学质量参差不齐,虽AMSTAR发布后方法学质艟仃所改蛑,但小叫显,需进一步提高办法学质量。     

脑卒中患者远程康复运动管理有效性及安全性的系统评价再评价

目的 检索、再评价脑卒中患者远程康复运动管理的系统评价,为临床医护人员临床决策及康复运动干预策略的持续改进提供借鉴。 方法 计算机检索Cochrane Library、Embase、PubMed、Web of Science、CINAHL、澳大利亚乔安娜布里格斯研究所（Joanna Briggs Institute,JBI）循证卫生保健中心数据库以及万方数据库、中国知网、维普数据库和中国生物医学文献数据库,查找关于脑卒中患者运动功能远程康复管理相关的系统评价/Meta分析/荟萃分析,检索时限为建库至2021年9月19日。2名经过循证知识系统培训的研究人员应用系统评价方法学质量评价工具（Assessment of Mutiple Systematic Reviews,AMSTAR）对文献进行方法学质量评价后,采用推荐分级的评估、制订与评价（Grades of Recommendations Assessment,Development and Evaluation,GRADE）系统进行证据汇总与分级。 结果 初检文献124篇,纳入文献14篇,AMSTAR质量评价结果显示,中等质量文献有5篇,其余9篇为高等质量,纳入文献的整体方法学质量较高。采用GRADE系统对14篇系统评价的67条主要结局指标的证据质量评价结果显示,22条证据为中等质量,29条证据为低等质量,16条证据为极低质量。 结论 该研究纳入的系统评价方法学质量较高,但其结局指标证据质量较低。远程康复运动管理有利于改善患者的运动功能、生活自理能力及生活质量,可提高患者的满意度与参与度,但远程运动管理干预方式的研究设计及结局指标的客观性仍需改进。     

吸气肌训练对慢性心力衰竭患者影响的系统评价再评价

目的 将吸气肌训练对慢性心力衰竭患者临床结局影响的系统评价进行再评价。方法 计算机检索PubMed、Embase、CINAHL、 Cochrane Library、中国知网、万方数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普数据库,查找关于吸气肌训练对慢性心力衰竭患者干预效果的系统评价/Meta分析,检索时限为建库至2023年1月。由2名接受过循证护理学系统培训的研究人员独立进行文献筛选和资料提取,并应用系统评价方法学质量评价工具2(assessment of mutiple system reviews 2,AMSTAR 2)进行方法学质量评价后,采用推荐分级的评估、制订与评价（grades of recommendations assessment,development and evaluation,GRADE）系统进行证据的汇总与分级。结果 共纳入14篇系统评价,AMSTAR 2评价结果显示,高等及中等质量文献各有1篇,其余12篇为低质量或极低质量。采用GRADE系统对14篇系统评价的40条结局指标的证据质量评价结果 显示,3条证据为中等质量,31条证据为低质量,6条证据为极低质量。重新...     

全髋关节置换术后康复锻炼的系统评价再评价

目的:探讨全髋关节置换术后康复锻炼的有效性和安全性,评价方法学质量和结局指标.方法:计算机检索中国知网(CNKI)、万方数据库、SinoMed、BMJ、Physiotherapy Evidence Database(PED)、PubMed、Web of Science、OVID、Cochrane Library数据库,收集全髋关节置换术后康复锻炼相关的系统评价和Meta分析.结果:共纳入7篇系统评价.AMSTAR评价结果显示,方法学质量得分总体较高;对7篇系统评价进行证据质量评价,4个结局指标为中,其余均为低或极低.结论:纳入的系统评价方法学质量较高,结局指标证据质量主要为低或极低.全髋关节置换术后康复锻炼是安全有效的,但长期干预效果需进一步探讨和验证.     

周期性充气加压预防骨科大手术后深静脉血栓形成的系统评价

目的 系统评价周期性充气加压（intermittent pneumatic compression,IPC）预防骨科大手术后深静脉血栓形成（deep venous thrombosis,DVT）的有效性和安全性。 方法 计算机检索MEDLINE（1966 ～ 2008.1）、Cochrane Library（2008 年第2 期）、中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM,1996 ～ 2008.1）、中国期刊全文数据库（CNKI,1998 ～ 2008.1）及中文科技期刊数据库（VIP,1998 ～ 2008.1）,手工检索相关文献资料,按照纳入标准与排除标准搜集有关IPC 预防骨科大手术后DVT 的随机对照试验和临床对照试验。参照Cochrane 系统评价方法评价纳入研究的方法学质量,并采用RevMan 4.2 软件进行统计学分析。 结果 共纳入8 篇文献（7 篇RCT,1 篇CCT,共2 773 例患者）,但其方法学质量普通不高。Meta 分析结果显示：① IPC 组DVT 发生率低于空白对照组［OR=0.20,95%CI（0.11,0.35）,P〈0.000 01］;② IPC 组DVT 发生率与低分子肝素组比无明显差异［OR=0.70,95%CI（0.28,1.74）,P=0.44］;③ 联合使用IPC 与低分子肝素组DVT 发生率低于只单独使用低分子肝素组［OR=0.23,95%CI（0.10,0.52）,P=0.000 4］。此外,联合使用IPC 与低分子肝素组DVT 发生率低于联合使用逐级加压弹力袜与低分子肝素组（P〈0.000 1）。目前尚无使用IPC 后发生严重不良反应的报道。 结论 采用IPC 能有效预防DVT 且安全,但由于纳入研究质量不高,样本含量较少,上述结论尚有待于更多大样本、高质量的研究加以验证。     

Development of the Documentation and Appraisal Review Tool for systematic reviews

AIM:To develop a tool to more explicitly assess and document the quality of systematic reviews.METHODS:We developed the Documentation and Appraisal Review Tool(DART)using epidemiologic principles of study design and the following resources:the modified Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire(modified OQAQ),Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews(AMSTAR),the Cochrane Handbook,and the standards promoted by the Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality,and the Institutes of Medicine(IOM).We designed the DART tool to include the following:more detail to provide guidance and improve standardization of use,an approach to assess quality of systematic reviews addressing a variety of research designs,and additional space for recording notes to facilitate recall.DART underwent multiple rounds of testing with methodologists of varying levels of training and experience.Based on the results of six phases of pilot testing,we revised DART to improve performance,clarity and consistency.Pilot testing also included comparisons between DART,and the two most commonly used tools to evaluate the quality of systematic reviews,the modified OQAQ and AMSTAR.RESULTS:Compared to AMSTAR and modified OQAQ,DART includes two unique questions and several questions covered by modified OQAQ or AMSTAR but not both.Modified OQAQ and DART had the highest reporting consistency.Four AMSTAR questions were unclear and elicited inconsistent responses.Identifying reviewer rationale was most difficult using the modified OQAQ tool,and easiest using DART.DART allowsfor documentation of reviewer rationale,facilitating reconciliation between reviewers and documentation for future updates.DART also provides a comprehensive,systematic approach for reviewers with limited experience with systematic review methodology,to critically analyze systematic reviews.In addition,DART is the only one of the three tools to explicitly include quality review for biases specific to observational studies.This is now more widely recognized as important for assessing risk in order to generate recommendations that balance benefit to harm.The tool also includes the assessment of standards recommended by the March 2011 IOM Standards for Systematic Review.CONCLUSION:This comprehensive tool improves upon existing tools for assessing the quality of systematic reviews and guides reviewers through critically analyzing a systematic review.     

系统评价/Meta分析方法学质量的评价工具AMSTAR

AMSTAR是国外最新研发的用于评价系统评价/Meta分析方法学质量的测量工具,具有良好的效度、信度和反应度,得到了较为广泛的运用。本文就AMSTAR的研发过程、评价条目、运用现状等问题逐一介绍给国内研究者和使用者。     

Prevention of venous thromboembolism in critically ill surgery patients: a cross-sectional study

Background: The risk for venous thromboembolism (VTE) and the risk for bleeding among critically ill surgical patients are both important in the early postoperative period. Materials and Methods: To record VTE prophylaxis prescribed for surgical patients in the intensive care unit (ICU) within the first postoperative week. We conducted a prospective observational cross-sectional study of Canadian university affiliated ICUs. Results: Of 29 ICU Directors approached, 28 (96.6%) participated, representing 34 ICUs and 589 ICU beds across Canada. Among 89 patients, surgical procedures were 32 abdominal (36.0%), 19 vascular (21.3%), 10 orthopedic (11.2%), 9 trauma (10.1%), 8 neurologic (9.0%), 5 thoracic (5.6%), 5 gynecologic (5.6%), and 1 for necrotizing fasciitis (1.1%). VTE prophylaxis with unfractionated heparin, low molecular weight heparin, and intermittent pneumatic compression was used in 35 of 89 (39.3%), 8 of 89 (9.0%), and 9 of 89 (10.1%) patients, respectively, whereas 8 of 89 (9.0%) patients were receiving therapeutic anticoagulation. Two methods of VTE prophylaxis were prescribed for 20 of 89 (22.5%) patients. Prophylaxis with unfractionated or low molecular weight heparin was significantly less likely to be prescribed for postoperative ICU patients requiring mechanical ventilation compared with those weaned from mechanical ventilation (odds ratio [OR] 0.36, P = .03). The use of intermittent pneumatic compression devices was significantly associated with current hemorrhage (OR 13.5, P = .02), and risk for future hemorrhage (OR 19.3, P = .001). Conclusions: VTE prevention for surgical ICU patients within the first postoperative week appear to be individualized, and influenced by current and future risks of thrombosis and bleeding. Copyright © 2002 by W.B. Saunders Company     

Thromboembolic prophylaxis with intermittent pneumatic compression devices in trauma patients: a false sense of security?

PURPOSE: Intermittent pneumatic compression devices provide a safe and attractive means of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis. We hypothesized that intermittent pneumatic compression devices were inadequate prophylaxis secondary to noncompliance. METHODS: This was a prospective double-blind study evaluating compliance with intermittent pneumatic compression devices in nonambulatory adult trauma patients. Compliance was evaluated for the first 3 days of admission. The study consisted of two 3-month stages (before and after hospital personnel education on the importance of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis). FINDINGS: During the first stage, device compliance was 85%, 59%, and 74% in the intensive care unit, surgical ward, and overall, respectively. Following hospital personnel education, device compliance was 82%, 65%, and 77% in the intensive care unit, surgical ward, and overall, respectively. There was no significant difference in compliance between the 2 stages. CONCLUSIONS: With inadequate compliance and the cost attributed with intermittent pneumatic compression devices, other means of venous thromboembolism prophylaxis should be considered first, specifically low-molecular-weight heparin if not contraindicated.     

国外静脉血栓栓塞症预防研究的文献计量学分析

目的 分析国外静脉血栓栓塞症（venous thromboembolism,VTE）预防研究的现状及热点趋势,为国内护理人员开展临床工作及相关研究提供参考依据。 方法 检索科学网核心数据库（Web of Science Core Collection,WOSCC）中与VTE预防有关的核心期刊文献,检索时限为2005年1月1日—2020年4月27日,借助CiteSpace 5.0软件进行文献计量和聚类分析。 结果 国外VTE预防研究发文量整体呈上升趋势,主要聚焦物理预防、药物预防、并发症观察、危险人群识别、不同疾病人群VTE预防等5个方面,其中“预防持续时长”“间歇性充气加压装置”“脑卒中”“抗凝”“临床实践指南”和“新型口服抗凝药物”是目前的研究热点。 结论 VTE预防已受到国外学者的重视,建议通过将VTE预防研究的焦点具体化、拓宽VTE重点预防人群范围、制订VTE预防护理指南等方法,推动国内VTE预防护理研究的发展,并不断提高临床护理质量,减少VTE的发生。     

A randomized trial to evaluate compliance in terms of patient comfort and satisfaction of two pneumatic compression devices

PURPOSE: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) incidence can be substantially reduced with prophylaxis, which includes pneumatic compression device (PCD) use. METHODS: To determine whether patient comfort and satisfaction correlated to compliance in wearing PCDs, patients were randomly assigned to either of two effective calf-high PCDs. Education and handouts were provided to both groups. Patients were given a survey rating their comfort, satisfaction, and compliance. At the conclusion of the study, healthcare providers completed a questionnaire comparing both PCDs. RESULTS: A total of 65 patients participated. The main significant differences between groups were seen in the patient perceptions questionnaire for two items: "the device was hot" (p = .014) and "device made my legs sweat" (p = .029). The PCD that provided more comfort and satisfaction was worn for a greater amount of time, 85% vs. 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: Results suggest that patients are more compliant with a PCD that promotes patient comfort when worn.     

Randomized controlled trial of a new portable calf compression device (Venowave) for prevention of venous thrombosis in high‐risk neurosurgical patients

Summary. Background: Patients undergoing neurosurgical procedures are at risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE), but often have contraindications for anticoagulant prophylaxis. Objectives: To assess the efficacy and tolerability of a new, lightweight, portable, battery‐powered, intermittent calf compression device, Venowave, for the prevention of VTE in neurosurgical inpatients. Patients/Methods: We performed an open randomized controlled trial comparing Venowave with control for the prevention of VTE in patients undergoing neurosurgery. The primary outcome was the composite of asymptomatic deep vein thrombosis (DVT) detected by screening venography or compression ultrasound performed on day 9 (± 2 days) and symptomatic VTE. Results: We randomized 75 patients to receive Venowave devices and 75 to the control group. All patients were prescribed graduated compression stockings and physiotherapy. VTE occurred in three patients randomized to Venowave and in 14 patients randomized to control (4.0% vs. 18.7%, relative risk 0.21; 95% confidence interval 0.05–0.75, P = 0.008). Similar reductions were seen for proximal DVT (2.7% vs. 8.0%) and symptomatic VTE (0% vs. 2.7%), and the results were consistent in all subgroups examined. Conclusions: Venowave devices are effective in preventing VTE in high‐risk neurosurgical patients.     

Quality Assessment of the Methods Used in Published Opioid Conversion Reviews

ABSTRACT

The study objective was to assess methodological quality of opioid conversion systematic reviews. The electronic databases PubMed, EMBASE, and Scopus were used to identify the systematic reviews from the earliest available date until April 2012. Studies were not restricted based on type of opioid, country, or languages. Methodological quality was evaluated using the “Assessment of Multiple Systematic Reviews (AMSTAR).” A total of 2772 articles were found from which five met inclusions criteria. No review mentioned about the duplicate study selection and data extraction. Two reviews included a list of studies that were excluded studies. One study did not provided information on the characteristics of primary studies that were included. Of the three reviews that evaluated the quality of primary studies, two used the quality of included studies in formulating conclusions. Only two reviews provided information about conflicts of interest. Of the five included systematic reviews, three reached a moderate score; two had poor quality. Specific recommendations to improve methodological quality would include performing the data selection and extraction in duplicate, listing or showing the flowchart of studies that were included and excluded along with the reasons, including the main studies data illustrating tables, and including an assessment of the quality of the primary included studies.     

住院患者静脉血栓栓塞症预防护理及管理现状的调查与分析

目的了解我国医院对住院患者静脉血栓栓塞症预防护理及管理现状。方法2019年6月,采用自行设计的问卷,对来自27个省(包括直辖市)的国际血管联盟中国分部护理专业委员会的297名委员展开调查,调查其所在医院住院患者静脉血栓栓塞症(venous thromboembolism,VTE)预防护理及管理现状。结果各地区在血栓评估工具的全院统一性方面存在差异,东北地区最高,华东地区最低。三级甲等医院和非三级甲等医院对于血栓预防措施的教育和培训、使用间歇充气加压治疗时医嘱是否开具、VTE高危患者出院是否预防随访、VTE预防管理体系构建和是否有多学科团队来防治VTE方面的差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论各大医院应加强对VTE预防管理工作,做好护理管理制度建设,强化护理人员对相关知识的掌握,以规范护理行为,有效预防血栓的发生。