丙泊酚靶控输注时羟考酮抑制气管插管反应的半数有效剂量

目的测定丙泊酚靶控输注时羟考酮抑制气管插管反应的半数有效剂量(ED_(50))。方法择期全麻下手术的患者,性别不限,年龄18~65岁,BMI 18.5~24.9kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,MallampatiⅠ或Ⅱ级。静脉顺序注射羟考酮、靶控输注丙泊酚血浆浓度4μg/ml,BIS60时,静注罗库溴铵0.9mg/kg后行气管插管机械通气。采用改良Dixon序贯法进行试验,羟考酮起始剂量0.2mg/kg。若气管插管反应阳性,则下一例增加剂量;反之,则降低剂量,相邻剂量比值为1∶1.1。气管插管反应阳性的标准:插管后2min内MAPmax或HRmax较基础值≥20%。采用加权概率法计算羟考酮抑制气管插管反应的ED_(50)、ED_(95)及其相应的95%可信区间(CI)。结果共有27例患者完成正式研究。羟考酮抑制气管插管反应的ED_(50)为0.204 mg/kg,(95%CI 0.175~0.249 mg/kg),ED_(95)为0.342mg/kg(95%CI 0.287~0.409mg/kg)。结论血浆靶控输注丙泊酚4μg/ml时,羟考酮抑制气管插管反应的ED_(50)为0.204mg/kg,ED_(95)为0.342mg/kg。     

复合不同剂量丙泊酚时羟考酮抑制新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者喉罩置入反应的有效剂量

目的评价新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者复合不同浓度丙泊酚时羟考酮的半数有效剂量(median effective dose,ED50)和95%有效剂量(95%effective dose,ED95)。方法纳入新辅助化疗乳腺癌女性患者62例,年龄18~55岁,BMI 20~25kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法分为两组,分别给予丙泊酚TCI血浆浓度3.0μg/ml(A组)和5.0μg/ml(B组),首例患者羟考酮剂量分别为0.13mg/kg和0.10mg/kg。根据上一例置入喉罩时情况,决定下一例羟考酮剂量。根据最终观察结果,分析计算羟考酮的ED50和ED95及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果A组和B组羟考酮抑制新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者喉罩置入反应的ED50分别为0.131(0.127~0.137)mg/kg和0.085(0.078~0.093)mg/kg。A组和B组羟考酮抑制新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者喉罩置入反应的ED95分别为0.136(0.127~0.186)mg/kg和0.115(0.101~0.241)mg/kg。结论新辅助化疗乳腺癌患者给予丙泊酚TCI血浆浓度3.0μg/ml和5.0μg/ml后,羟考酮抑制喉罩置入反应的ED50分别为0.131(0.127~0.137)mg/kg和0.085(0.078~0.093)mg/kg,ED95分别为0.136(0.127~0.186)mg/kg和0.115(0.101~0.241)mg/kg。     

复合羟考酮时老年患者无痛宫腔镜检查依托咪酯的半数有效剂量

目的观察复合羟考酮时老年患者无痛宫腔镜检查依托咪酯的半数有效剂量(ED_(50))。方法选择34例2017年8—11月行宫腔镜检查的老年患者,年龄66～74岁,体重45～58 kg,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级。静脉给予0.06 mg/kg羟考酮,2 min后给予依托咪酯,患者意识消失后行宫腔镜检查。采用Dixon's up-and-down法计算依托咪酯的ED_(50)。设定依托咪酯0.2 mg/kg为初始剂量,如果检查中出现皱眉或体动反应,下一患者增加剂量,反之降低剂量,相邻剂量比为1∶1.2。采用概率单位法计算依托咪酯ED_(50)及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果复合羟考酮时老年患者无痛宫腔镜检查依托咪酯ED_(50)为0.21 mg/kg(95%CI 0.18～0.25 mg/kg)。结论复合羟考酮时老年患者无痛宫腔镜检查依托咪酯的ED_(50)为0.21 mg/kg。     

右美托咪定与丙泊酚麻醉诱导时的协同作用

目的评价右美托咪定和丙泊酚麻醉诱导时镇静作用的相互影响。方法择期全麻手术患者75例,男36例,女39例,年龄18～65岁,BMI 20～25kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级,采用随机数字表法均分为三组,每组25例:丙泊酚组(A组)、右美托咪定组(B组)、丙泊酚复合右美托咪定组(C组),每组再根据不同药物剂量分为5个亚组,相邻两组剂量等比为1.25,采用点斜法计算ED_(50)及其95%可信区间(CI)。结果A组丙泊酚诱导剂量ED_(50)为1.25 mg/kg(95%CI 0.90～1.45mg/kg),B组右美托咪定麻醉诱导剂量ED_(50)为1.35μg/kg(95%CI 0.95～1.50μg/kg),C组丙泊酚和右美托咪定诱导剂量ED_(50)分别为0.65mg/kg(95%CI 0.50～0.90mg/kg)和0.40μg/kg(95%CI 0.34～0.65μg/kg)。等辐射分析法判定丙泊酚和右美托咪定之间在镇静效应上呈现协同作用。结论右美托咪定复合丙泊酚可以产生明显的镇静效应协同作用。     

纳布啡抑制宫腔镜手术患者喉罩置入反应的半数有效剂量

目的在以血浆靶控输注丙泊酚的背景下,分析纳布啡抑制宫腔镜手术患者喉罩置入反应的半数有效剂量(ED_(50))。方法选择择期行全麻宫腔镜手术患者21例,年龄18～60岁,BMI 19～27 kg/m~2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。麻醉诱导采用丙泊酚血浆靶控输注,靶控浓度3.0μg/ml。当效应室浓度与血浆浓度平衡一致时,缓慢静推纳布啡,初始剂量为0.2 mg/kg。注射结束5 min且BIS 50～60时,置入喉罩。采用序贯法确定纳布啡剂量,若置入喉罩时出现阳性反应,下一例患者选用高1个梯度的剂量;反之,则选用低1个梯度的剂量。相邻剂量的比值为1.1。计算靶控输注丙泊酚的背景下,纳布啡抑制喉罩置入反应的ED_(50)和ED_(95)以及各自的95%可信区间(CI)。结果纳布啡抑制宫腔镜手术喉罩置入反应的ED_(50)为0.145 mg/kg(95%CI 0.125～0.165 mg/kg),ED_(95)为0.163 mg/kg(95%CI 0.153～0.417 mg/kg)。结论靶控丙泊酚背景下,纳布啡抑制成年宫腔镜手术患者喉罩置入反应的ED_(50)为0.145 mg/kg(95%CI 0.125～0.165 mg/kg)。     

瑞马唑仑复合瑞芬太尼用于无痛胃镜检查的半数有效剂量

目的测定瑞马唑仑复合瑞芬太尼用于无痛胃镜检查时的半数有效剂量(ED_(50))及95%有效剂量(ED_(95))。方法本研究共纳入患者73例,分为三组:第一组纳入患者性别不限(n=22),第二组仅纳入男性患者(n=29),第三组仅纳入女性患者(n=22)。根据Dixon改良序贯法,所有患者缓慢静注瑞芬太尼0.5μg/kg,随后注射瑞马唑仑0.2 mg/kg,待睫毛反射消失后行胃镜检查。若在进镜时及检查过程中出现呛咳、吞咽、皱眉、体动影响检查操作等反应为阳性反应,下一例患者增加0.05 mg/kg,否则降低0.05 mg/kg,以阳性反应转为阴性反应为交叉点,当出现七个交叉点时终止研究。采用概率单位Probit回归分析法计算第一组瑞马唑仑的ED_(50)和ED_(95)及其95%CI,并分别测定第二组、第三组瑞马唑仑的ED_(50)及其95%CI。结果第一组瑞马唑仑ED_(50)为0.19 mg/kg(95%CI 0.155～0.229 mg/kg),ED_(95)为0.31 mg/kg(95%CI 0.248～0.492 mg/kg)。第二组瑞马唑仑ED_(50)为0.161 mg/kg (95%CI0.135～0.192 mg/kg),第三组瑞马唑仑ED_(50)为0.194 mg/kg (95%CI0.159～0.235 mg/kg)。结论瑞马唑仑复合瑞芬太尼用于无痛胃镜检查的ED_(50)、ED_(95)分别为0.19 mg/kg和0.31 mg/kg,且男性患者瑞马唑仑ED_(50)低于女性患者。     

羟考酮超前镇痛在无痛宫腔镜手术中的应用

目的评价羟考酮超前镇痛对无痛宫腔镜手术镇痛效果的影响。方法选取无痛宫腔镜术的患者60例。ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,所有患者随机数字表法分为两组,羟考酮组和生理盐水对照组。术前30分钟对照组静注生理盐水0.1ml/kg,试验组静注羟考酮0.1mg/kg(羟考酮稀释至1mg/kg)。手术开始两组均静注丙泊酚2.5mg/kg,术中出现体动反应追加丙泊酚1mg/kg。结果两组患者一般资料差异无统计学意义。两组手术时间、苏醒时间差异无统计学意义。试验组丙泊酚用量少于对照组(P0.05),术后宫缩痛实验组明显低于对照组(P0.05)。结论盐酸羟考酮用于宫腔镜手术超前镇痛,安全有效、简单易行且不良反应少     

羟考酮用于血管减压手术术终镇痛衔接的半数有效剂量

目的通过序贯法测定羟考酮用于显微血管减压手术术终镇痛衔接的半数有效剂量(Median effective dose,ED_(50))。方法选择2017年6—10月在全麻下行经乙状窦入路显微血管减压手术的面肌痉挛患者23例,男5例,女18例,年龄18~64岁,BMI 18~24kg/m2,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。手术结束前30min给予羟考酮,手术结束后连接相同配方的镇痛泵。根据序贯法设定浓度,当出现第7个交叉点时终止试验。术后30min患者镇痛口述分级(verbal rating score,VRS)评分1分为阴性。结果 Dixon-Mood法计算羟考酮ED_(50)为0.054mg/kg(95%CI 0.053~0.056mg/kg);Probit回归模型计算为0.054mg/kg(95%CI 0.030~0.077mg/kg)。结论羟考酮用于显微血管减压手术术终镇痛衔接的ED50为0.054mg/kg。     

复合羟考酮时环泊酚用于无痛人工流产术的半数有效剂量

目的 探讨复合羟考酮时环泊酚用于无痛人工流产术的半数有效剂量（ED₅₀）。
方法 选择择期行无痛人工流产术患者23例，年龄22～40岁，BMI 20～30 kg/m²，ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级。麻醉诱导前静脉推注羟考酮0.08 mg/kg，环泊酚剂量采用序贯法。第1例患者环泊酚剂量为0.6 mg/kg，阳性反应定义为术中发生体动反应，若出现阳性反应则升高一个剂量等级，相邻剂量相差为0.05 mg/kg，若出现阴性反应则降低一个剂量等级，直至出现第7个拐点终止研究。计算复合羟考酮时环泊酚用于无痛人工流产术的ED₅₀和95%有效剂量（ED₉₅）及其95%可信区间（CI）。根据术中是否发生体动将患者分为两组：阳性组和阴性组。记录睫毛反射消失时间、手术时间、苏醒时间。记录术中恶心、呕吐、注射痛、呼吸抑制、过敏的发生情况。
结果 复合羟考酮时环泊酚用于无痛人工流产术的ED₅₀为0.469 mg/kg（95%CI 0.453～0.486 mg/kg），ED₉₅为0.542 mg/kg（95%CI 0.519～0.583 mg/kg）。与阴性组比较，阳性组苏醒时间明显延长（P<0.05）。两组无一例出现恶心、呕吐、注射痛、呼吸抑制、过敏等不良反应。
结论 复合羟考酮时环泊酚用于无痛人工流产术的ED₅₀为0.469 mg/kg（95%CI 0.453～0.486 mg/kg），ED₉₅为0.542 mg/kg（95%CI 0.519～0.583 mg/kg）。     

羟考酮抑制中老年患者全身麻醉诱导期依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的半数有效量

目的 观察羟考酮抑制中老年患者全身麻醉诱导期依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的药效学. 方法 择期全身麻醉下手术患者62例,ASA分级Ⅰ、Ⅱ级.分为两组:中年组(45～54岁)30例,老年组(65～74岁)32例.麻醉诱导:患者面罩吸氧(8 L/min)5 min后,采用改良序贯法30 s内静脉注射羟考酮.2 min后30 s内静脉注射依托咪酯0.3 mg/kg,持续观察2 min,评估肌阵挛发生情况及其程度.然后静脉注射顺式阿曲库铵2 mg/kg和芬太尼3μg/kg,5min内完成气管插管行机械通气.麻醉分别以靶控输注(target controlled infusion,TCI)丙白酚(3.0 mg/L)、瑞芬太尼(2.5～3.0 μg/L)维持.采用Probit回归方法分析各组羟考酮的ED50及其95％CI,并记录手术时间、术后拔管时间及恶心、呕吐等副作用. 结果 羟考酮抑制中老年患者全身麻醉诱导期依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的ED.分别为0.077 mg/kg和0.062 mg/kg,95％CI分别为0.045～0.122 mg/kg和0.043～0.101 mg/kg;中年组羟考酮剂量明显高于老年组患者(P＜0.05).两组患者副作用发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(D0.05). 结论 羟考酮抑制中老年患者全身麻醉诱导期依托咪酯所致肌阵挛的ED50分别为0.077 mg/kg与0.062mg/kg;95％CI分别为0.045～0.122 mg/kg与0.043～0.101 mg/kg.     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。