七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉在婴儿唇裂整复术中的应用

目的 探讨七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉在婴儿唇裂整复术中应用的可行性和安全性.方法 60例ASA Ⅰ级唇裂婴儿随机均分为七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉组(S组)和丙泊酚-芬太尼静脉麻醉组(P组).记录患儿入室后、气管插管时、手术切皮时、手术开始后30 min的HR、MAP;记录拔管时间、改良Aldrete评分达9分所需时间、单位时间维库溴铵用量、苏醒期躁动及术后恶心呕吐情况.结果 P组气管插管时HR明显快于入室后及S组(P＜0.01);S组拔管时间和改良Aldrete评分到9分的时间均明显短于P组(P＜0.01);S组苏醒期躁动例数多于P组(P＜0.05);两组患儿均无苏醒期呕吐;S组患儿的维库溴铵用量显著小于P组(P＜0.01).结论 七氟醚全凭吸入麻醉维持平稳,苏醒迅速完全,可安全用于婴儿唇裂整复手术,其不足是苏醒期躁动发生率高.     

七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼在小儿唇腭裂手术中的应用

目的:观察七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼用于小儿唇腭裂手术的麻醉诱导、维持及苏醒的临床效果.方法:40例唇腭裂患者,ASA Ⅰ级,年龄6个月至12岁,随机分成两组(n=20):S组全凭吸入七氟醚麻醉,SR组七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼.观察两组患儿术中、术后血流动力学变化.记录诱导时间、自主呼吸恢复时间以及术后拔管时间,并观察有无术后躁动等.结果:SR组术中术后血流动力学变化小于S组(p＜0.05),SR组插管时间短于S组(p＜0.05).结论:七氟醚复合瑞芬太尼用于小儿唇腭裂手术较单纯使用七氟醚血流动力学更加平稳.     

腔镜手术不同麻醉方法费效的比较:前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲临床研究

目的 比较腔镜手术患者七氟醚全程吸入麻醉、丙泊酚靶控输注麻醉和静脉注射丙泊酚诱导-吸入七氟醚维持麻醉的费效.方法 本研究为前瞻性、多中心、随机、双盲临床研究.选择全国4个中心的择期行腔镜手术的患者336例,ASA分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,性别不限,年龄18～64岁,体重指数16～30 kg/m2,采用随机数字表法,将其分为3组(n=112):七氟醚全程吸入麻醉组(S组)、丙白酚靶控输注麻醉组(P组)及静脉注射丙泊酚诱导-吸入七氟醚维持麻醉组(PS组).麻醉诱导:S组吸入8％七氟醚,氧流量8 L/min;P组靶控输注丙泊酚,血浆靶浓度4 μg/ml; PS组静脉注射丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg,待患者意识消失后,3组均静脉注射芬太尼和维库溴铵,气管插管后行机械通气,氧流量1 L/min,维持PETCO2 30～ 40 mm Hg.麻醉维持:S组和PS组吸入七氟醚,维持呼气末浓度0.8 MAC ～ 1.5 MAC;P组靶控输注丙白酚,血浆靶浓度3～6 μg/ml;3组根据需要间断静脉注射芬太尼和维库溴铵.记录意识消失时间、气管插管时间、自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、气管拔管时间、定向力恢复时间、改良Aldrete评分≥9分时间和PACU停留时间.记录术中不良反应的发生情况.计算麻醉药物费用.结果 与P组比较,S组意识消失时间、气管插管时间、定向力恢复时间和PACU停留时间缩短,PS组意识消失时间和气管插管时间缩短,S组和PS组七氟醚和/或丙泊酚费用、所有麻醉药物费用、每小时七氟醚和/或丙泊酚费用及每小时所有麻醉药物费用降低(P＜0.05);与S组比较,PS组意识消失时间延长,七氟醚和/或丙泊酚费用、所有麻醉药物费用、每小时七氟醚和/或丙泊酚费用及每小时所有麻醉药物费用降低(P＜0.05).3组间心动过缓、高血压、低血压、呛咳和体动的发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 静脉注射丙泊酚诱导,吸入低流量七氟醚维持麻醉,是腔镜手术患者最经济有效的麻醉方法.     

七氟醚与丙泊酚用于小儿烧伤手术麻醉维持的比较

目的比较七氟醚与丙泊酚用于小儿烧伤手术麻醉维持的效果。方法择期手术烧伤患儿60例,随机分为丙泊酚组(P组)和七氟醚组(S组),每组30例。气管插管后P组泵注丙泊酚3~8 mg.kg-1.h-1维持麻醉,S组吸入1%~4%七氟醚维持麻醉;需要时均间断静注芬太尼和阿曲库铵。术毕前5 min停用丙泊酚和七氟醚。记录术中血流动力学指标以及术毕患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、苏醒时间、拔管时间、苏醒时躁动情况。结果气管拔管后P组SpO2明显降低,且低于S组(P<0.05)。S组患儿自主呼吸恢复时间、拔管时间和苏醒时间均明显短于P组(P<0.01)。结论七氟醚用于小儿烧伤手术麻醉维持循环稳定,术毕自主呼吸恢复快、苏醒迅速,拔管及时,躁动发生率低,麻醉效果优于丙泊酚。     

4％和8％七氟醚复合不同氧流量麻醉诱导在患儿气管插管中的比较

目的 比较4％和8％七氟醚复合不同氧流量麻醉诱导在患儿气管插管中的应用效果,同时用Gas Man(ver.4.1)软件模拟吸入诱导2min内患儿脑内七氟醚浓度的变化.方法 择期泌尿外科手术患儿80例,年龄1～6岁,均行全凭七氟醚吸入诱导后插管,患儿随机均分为四组,其中S4F4组和S4F8组吸入4％七氟醚,S8F4组和S8F8组吸入8％七氟醚,S4F4组和S8F4组氧流量为4 L/min,S4F8组和S8F8组氧流量为8 L/min.记录插管时间、插管评分、插管前呼气末七氟醚浓度.运用Gas Man软件计算吸入诱导后30、60、90、120 s时脑内七氟醚浓度.结果 所有患儿均一次插管成功.S4F4组和S4F8组插管时间明显长于S8F4组和S8F8组(P＜0.05).诱导后30、60、90、120 s,S8F4组和S8F8组脑内七氟醚浓度明显高于S4F4组和S4F8组(P＜0.05).结论 8％七氟醚诱导速度明显快于4％七氟醚,而氧流量对于诱导速度无明显影响,这与Gas Man软件模拟出的脑内七氟醚浓度是一致的.     

七氟醚或丙泊酚麻醉诱导在纤维支气管镜引导下困难气管插管的临床研究

目的探讨全凭七氟醚吸入或丙泊酚静脉麻醉诱导在纤维支气管镜(纤支镜)引导下困难气管插管的安全性和可行性研究。方法 60例困难气道患者随机均分为全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导组(S组)和丙泊酚静脉麻醉诱导组(P组)行纤支镜辅助下经鼻气管插管。观察插管前后患者的生命体征和麻醉深度变化。记录吸入诱导前(T0)、意识消失时(T1)、气管插管前(T2)、插管后1min(T3)、插管后5min(T4)时的HR、MAP、熵指数[(状态熵(SE)和反应熵(RE)]。结果两组纤支镜插管成功率基本相似。S组诱导迅速,但血流动力学变化明显。T3时S组HR明显快于、MAP明显高于T2时(P<0.05),同时S组HR明显快于,MAP明显高于P组(P<0.05)。两组SE和RE在T1～T4时均明显低于T0时(P<0.05)。P组体动和呛咳反应明显高于S组(P<0.05)。结论采用全凭七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导或丙泊酚静脉麻醉诱导均可安全用于纤支镜引导下困难气管插管的患者。     

比较丙泊酚与七氟醚麻醉对梗阻性黄疸患者苏醒和术后恶心呕吐的影响

目的 比较丙泊酚靶控输注(TCI)与七氟醚吸入麻醉对梗阻性黄疽患者苏醒时间和术后恶心呕吐(PONV)的影响.方法 梗阻性黄疸患者60例,ASA Ⅰ或Ⅱ级,随机均分为丙泊酚组(P组)和七氟醚组(S组).术中均维持脑电双频指数(BIS)在40～55.记录患者麻醉前(T1)、气管插管后即刻(T2)、手术开始即刻(T3)及手术结束即刻(T4)的MAP、HR和BIS,记录停药后苏醒时间、苏醒时BIS和PONV发生率.结果 P组苏醒时间明显短于S组(P<0.05),苏醒时BIS明显低于S组(P<0.05).P组分别有3例和2例发生术后恶心和呕吐,S组分别有6例和4例(P<0.05).结论 在梗阻性黄疽患者丙泊酚TCI麻醉较七氟醚吸入麻醉PONV发生率较低,清醒较迅速.     

瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚在新生儿全身麻醉中的应用

目的观察瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚在新生儿全身麻醉中应用的安全性及有效性。方法40例择期行腹部手术的足月新生儿,年龄3~28 d,随机均分为瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚维持麻醉组(A组)和单纯七氟醚维持麻醉组(B组)。两组均给予七氟醚诱导,气管插管后,A组静脉泵入瑞芬太尼0.33μg·kg-1·min-1,两组均根据患儿临床表现(HR、BP、体动、呼吸对抗)调节七氟醚浓度。A组在术毕前约15 min停止泵入瑞芬太尼,两组均于手术结束时停止吸入七氟醚。记录入室时(T1)、手术开始前即刻(T2)、手术开始后10 min(T3)、60 min(T4)、拔除气管导管时(T5)患儿的HR、MAP、呼气末七氟醚浓度(C ET Sev),并记录患儿的拔管时间及不良反应。结果 T3~T5时A组HR明显慢于B组(P0.05);T3时A组MAP明显低于B组(P0.05);T2~T4时A组C ET Sev明显低于B组(P0.05)。两组拔管时间差异无统计学意义。无低血压、严重心动过缓等不良反应。结论瑞芬太尼复合七氟醚用于新生儿可以提供满意的麻醉效果,减少吸入麻醉药用量,不良反应少。     

七氟醚吸入麻醉在非住院患儿清创缝合术中的应用

目的观察七氟醚吸入麻醉在非住院患儿清创缝合术中的应用。方法年龄2~6岁ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级行清创缝合术患儿60例,随机均分为两组:七氟醚组(S组)及氯胺酮组(K组),分别采用面罩吸入七氟醚或肌肉注射氯胺酮进行麻醉诱导及维持。观察并记录两组患儿麻醉中MAP、HR、RR及SpO2的变化,记录意识消失、苏醒及麻醉恢复室(PACU)停留时间,观察并随访麻醉中及麻醉后的不良反应。结果 S组患儿术中MAP略有下降,HR无明显变化,而K组术中MAP升高、HR增快(P<0.05);S组患儿意识消失时间、苏醒时间及PACU停留时间明显短于K组(P<0.05);K组诱导期兴奋、术中体动及分泌物增加的病例数显著多于S组(P<0.05)。结论七氟醚吸入麻醉诱导迅速、维持平稳、苏醒彻底、循环呼吸影响小、不良反应发生率低、PACU停留时间短,可安全用于非住院患儿清创缝合手术麻醉。     

七氟醚吸入在老年患者非插管胸腔镜肺叶楔形切除术中的应用

目的评估七氟醚吸入麻醉在老年患者非插管胸腔镜肺叶楔形切除术中的效果及术后早期恢复质量。方法选择择期非插管胸腔镜肺楔形切除老年患者38例,男17例,女21例,年龄65～85岁,ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级。采用随机数字表法分为两组:丙泊酚静脉麻醉组(P组)和七氟醚吸入麻醉组(S组),每组19例。两组均在胸段硬膜外麻醉后静脉诱导置入喉罩行保留自主呼吸。记录楔形切除即刻呼吸频率;记录患者苏醒时间、拔喉罩时间、出手术室时间,术毕下床活动时间,进食时间和出院时间;记录麻黄碱追加例数和机械通气例数;记录患者术后头晕、恶心、呕吐、躁动等不良反应的发生情况。结果与P组比较,S组肺叶切除即刻呼吸频率明显减慢,麻黄碱追加例数和机械通气例数明显减少,停药后苏醒时间、拔喉罩时间和术后下床活动时间明显缩短(P0.05)。两组术中呛咳发生例数差异无统计学意义。两组术后并发症发生率及进食时间、出院时间差异无统计学意义。结论非插管胸腔镜肺叶楔形切除术采用七氟醚吸入麻醉有利于老年患者快速康复。     

微创外科时代的胆道外科——胆囊切除术尚非平安无事

自从首例在腹腔镜下施行胆囊切除术之后,胆道外科技术经历了革命性的改变。当前,已经有越来越多的传统外科手术方法被腹腔镜外科所取代。然而,腹腔镜胆囊切除术并非平安无事。当前,由于影像学技术的发展,例如对肝内、外胆道的虚拟现实、三维重建等,可以有助于对复杂胆道外科问题如肝内胆管结石和其他肝内病变的手术前评估和手术设计。约占原发性肝癌5%～10%的肝内胆管癌由于其与肝细胞癌有不同的病理-生物学特点,故在治疗措施选择上应得到特殊的关注,一般应该施行广泛的肝切除手术而不是局部切除或消融。关于肝门部胆管癌的治疗,扩大的肝切除术可以改进早期的、无淋巴结转移病变治疗结果。当前,在微创外科时代,许多传统的外科手术将在微创外科理念下重新受到检验。     

Image-guided spine surgery: state of the art and future directions

Navigation technology is a widely available tool in spine surgery and has become a part of clinical routine in many centers. The issue of where and when navigation technology should be used is still an issue of debate. It is the aim of this study to give an overview on the current knowledge concerning the technical capabilities of image-guided approaches and to discuss possible future directions of research and implementation of this technique. Based on a Medline search total of 1,462 publications published until October 2008 were retrieved. The abstracts were scanned manually for relevance to the topics of navigated spine surgery in the cervical spine, the thoracic spine, the lumbar spine, as well as ventral spine surgery, radiation exposure, tumor surgery and cost-effectivity in navigated spine surgery. Papers not contributing to these subjects were deleted resulting in 276 papers that were included in the analysis. Image-guided approaches have been investigated and partially implemented into clinical routine in virtually any field of spine surgery. However, the data available is mostly limited to small clinical series, case reports or retrospective studies. Only two RCTs and one metaanalysis have been retrieved. Concerning the most popular application of image-guided approaches, pedicle screw insertion, the evidence of clinical benefit in the most critical areas, e.g. the thoracic spine, is still lacking. In many other areas of spine surgery, e.g. ventral spine surgery or tumor surgery, image-guided approaches are still in an experimental stage. The technical development of image-guided techniques has reached a high level as the accuracies that can be achieved technically meet the anatomical demands. However, there is evidence that the interaction between the surgeon (‘human factor’) and the navigation system is a source of inaccuracy. It is concluded that more effort needs to be spend to understand this interaction.     

我国肝胆胰外科发展与国际接轨的挑战和机遇

This article traced how western medicine and surgery were introduced into China, described where Chinese surgery stands currently at the international scene, and proposed future strategies as to how Chinese surgery can go internationally. Surgery, a major component of western medicine,was first introduced into China in the late 19th and early 20th centuries through the missionaries and the merchants of the East Indian Company. Surgical centers were soon established in the big cities along the coastal region, then spread inland along the Yellow River, the Yangtze River and the Pearl River. The establishment of general surgery centers soon led to the development of the subspecialty in hepatopancreatobiliary surgery because of high prevalence of hepatitis B related hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic stones, portal hypertension caused by schistosomiasis and pancreatic disease. For historical reasons,Chinese surgery was cut off from the outside world in the 1960s.This led to the development of Chinese surgery along a different path from that taken internationally. With the opening up of China in the 1980s, and the recent economic developments,Chinese surgery needs to merge with surgery in the rest of the world. Suggested proposal for future strategies for Chinese surgery to go internationally include undergraduate medical reform, introduction of structured surgical training and examination for the whole country, life long continuing medical education for all surgeons, academic exchanges with internationally renowned centers, publication in international peer-review journals, active involvement in international surgical societies and conferences.     

Rare causes of abdominal pain: a primer for the admitting general surgeon

The broad uptake of the acute surgical unit (ASU) model of surgical care in Australia has resulted in general surgeons becoming increasingly involved in the management of patients with acute abdominal pain (AAP), some of whom will be labelled as having non-specific abdominal pain (NSAP) (Kinnear N, Jolly S, Herath M, et al. The acute surgical unit: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis. review. Int. J. Surg. 2021;94:106109; Lehane CW, Jootun RN, Bennett M, Wong S, Truskett P. Does an acute care surgical model improve the management and outcome of acute cholecystitis? ANZ J. Surg. 2010;80:438-42). NSAP patients lack a clear diagnosis of surgical pathology based on standard clinical, laboratory and imaging work-up, although they may require ASU admission for pain control and assessment. This article provides a review of uncommon conditions, presenting as AAP, that could possibly be mis-labelled as NSAP, with a focus on aspects of the presentation that may aid diagnosis and management including specific demographic features, clinical findings, key investigations and initial treatment priorities for ASU clinicians. Ultimately, most of the conditions discussed will not require surgical intervention, however, they require a diagnosis to be made and initial treatment planning before on-referral to the appropriate specialty. For the on-call general surgeon, some knowledge of these conditions and an index of suspicion are invaluable for the prompt diagnosis and efficient management of these patients.     

Comparison of robotic reduced-port and laparoscopic approaches for left-sided colorectal cancer surgery

Background/objectiveThe reduced-port approach can overcome the limitations of single-incision laparoscopic surgery while maintaining its advantages. Here, we compared the effects of robotic reduced-port surgery and conventional laparoscopic approaches for left-sided colorectal cancer.MethodsBetween January 2015 and December 2016, the clinicopathological characteristics and treatment outcomes of 17 patients undergoing robotic reduced-port surgery and 49 patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer were compared.ResultsThe two groups were comparable in almost all outcome measures except for the distal resection margin, which was significantly longer in the laparoscopic group (P < 0.001). The between-group differences in reoperation, incisional hernia development, and overall and progression-free survival were nonsignificant; however, the total hospital cost was significantly higher in the robotic group than in the laparoscopic group (US$13779.6 ± US$3114.8 vs. US$8556.3 ± US$2056.7, P < 0.001).ConclusionRobotic reduced-port surgery for left-sided colorectal cancer is safe and effective but more expensive with no additional benefit compared with the conventional laparoscopic approach. This observation warrants further evaluation.     

机器人在腹部外科手术中的初步应用(附16例报告)

目的总结达芬奇机器人系统在腹部外科手术中的初步应用体会。方法回顾分析2015年2月至10月间华中科技大学同济医学院附属协和医院胃肠外科行达芬奇机器人系统手术的16例病人资料。结果 16例病人中男性7例,女性9例,均顺利完成达芬奇机器人辅助手术。手术方式为:全胃切除1例,远端胃癌根治术1例,胃局部切除术3例,食管裂孔疝修补加胃底折叠术2例,袖状胃切除术1例,十二指肠肿瘤切除术1例,胆囊切除术2例,胆总管囊肿加胆囊切除并胆肠吻合1例,乙状结肠癌根治术2例,直肠癌根治术2例。本组手术时间90~330 min,系统装机时间20~60 min。术中出血量为10~120 ml,所有病人术中均未输血。胃肠道癌淋巴结检出数25.5枚/例。术后平均胃肠功能恢复时间为2.2 d,术后平均住院时间为7.5 d。本组病人术后恢复顺利,无严重并发症发生。结论达芬奇机器人手术系统在腹部外科手术中安全可行,具有解剖分离精准、创伤小、恢复快等优点。     

腹腔镜多脏器联合手术48例报告

目的　探讨腹腔镜多脏器联合手术临床应用的可行性。　方法　回顾分析从 2 0 0 0年 8月至2 0 0 1年 11月 4 8例腹腔镜多脏器联合手术的临床资料。　结果　全部病例无中转开腹 ,无并发症。与单器官腹腔镜手术者比较 ,术后平均留院时间相近。 (6 1± 1 2 )d对 (5 3± 1 4 )d。　结论　腹腔镜多脏器联合手术能有效地处理腹腔内多个病灶。     

结直肠癌机器人手术临床应用现状

回顾机器人手术系统的组成和发展史。在结直肠癌根治术中,机器人手术系统已得到广泛应用,手术操作时间明显缩短,手术安全。机器人手术系统具有三维图像稳定性和清晰性、手术操作便利性等优势。触觉反馈缺失、手术时间延长等是其不足。