同一患者应用自体骨植骨和椎间融合器行椎体间融合术治疗腰椎滑脱症的比较研究

背景：目前国内外公认椎体间融合术（PLIF）是治疗腰椎滑脱症的最佳手术方式,但椎间融合器的应用尚存争议。目的：比较同一患者应用自体骨植骨和椎间融合器行PLIF治疗不同节段腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法：2008年3月至2012年1月收治两节段腰椎滑脱症患者61例,两个病变节段分别应用自体骨植骨和椎间融合器行腰椎后路PLIF。术前、术后和随访期间的日本骨科学会（JOA）下腰痛功能评分、Oswestry功能障碍指数（ODI）、视觉模拟评分（VAS）进行临床疗效评估;Tailland指数、Boxal指数、滑脱角、腰椎生理前凸角进行影像学疗效评估;Suk法进行椎间融合评估;测量比较各节段的椎间隙及椎间孔高度。结果：全部获得随访,随访时间为11~47个月,平均28.4个月。JOA评分治疗改善优良率为91.8%,术后JOA评分、ODI、VAS、Tailland指数、Boxal指数、滑脱角、腰椎生理前凸角均较术前明显好转（P〈0.01）,且末次随访无丢失（P〉0.05）。应用自体骨植骨的融合时间为（8.8±3.4）个月,融合率为93.4%;应用椎间融合器的融合时间为（9.4±2.9）个月,融合率为95.1%,两种椎间融合方式的融合时间及融合率相比较均无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。术后各腰椎间隙前缘高度、后缘高度、平均高度及椎间孔高度均较术前明显提高（P〈0.01）,但两种椎间融合方式术前和术后的腰椎间隙前缘高度、后缘高度、平均高度及椎间孔高度相比较无统计学差异（P〉0.05）。自体骨植骨椎间融合方式末次随访的椎间隙前缘高度、平均高度及椎间孔高度与术后比较丢失明显（P〈0.05）。结论：两种椎间融合方式均获得良好的临床疗效及椎间融合,而椎间融合器在维持椎间高度方面表现优异,其联合前方自体骨植骨可以作为PLIF的理想椎间融合选择。     

后路单纯应用异形椎间融合器微创治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳

目的 探讨后路小切口下应用异形椎间融合器治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳的临床疗效.方法 对腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳73例采用后路小切口单枚异形椎间融合器行椎间植骨融合术.结果 本组获得平均38.6个月随访,术后腰腿痛症状均明显缓解或消失.VAS、JOA术前和末次随访评分比较,差异均有统计学意义.结论 采用后路小切口单枚异形椎间融合器椎间植骨融合治疗腰椎间盘突出症伴腰椎不稳具有创伤少、融合率高的特点,临床疗效满意.     

微创B-Twin椎间融合器治疗腰椎不稳的疗效分析

[目的]探讨后路小切口B-Twin椎间融合术治疗退行性腰椎不稳症的手术特点和临床疗效.[方法]收治退行性腰椎不稳症患者13例13间隙,其中L4、5节段不稳11例,L5S1节段不稳2例.患者均行后路小切口开放手术B-Twin椎间融合术,疗效评价采用日本矫形外科协会(JOA)下腰痛评分标准.[结果]所有患者术后均无感染、神经功能损伤及融合器脱落等并发症.随访时间 12～23个月(平均16.2 个月),13例患者术前JOA 评分平均4.2分, 随访结束时JOA 评分平均14.4分,JOA评分术后改善率:优11例, 良1例, 可1例, 差0 例, 优良率92.3%.13例患者椎间植骨均获得融合,平均植骨融合时间为19.8 周.随访过程B-twin椎间融合器位置良好,椎间隙高度除有2例丢失外(<10%),其余的无明显改变.[结论]对于合并有轻度退行性腰椎不稳的腰椎间盘源性疾病患者使用后路小切口B-Twin可膨胀性椎间融合器联合大量自体颗粒骨植骨融合手术治疗具有创伤小、安全性高、植骨融合率高,且临床疗效可靠的优点,值得进一步探讨.     

腰椎椎间融合器临床研究进展

生物型、金属型、复合材料型、可吸收型椎间融合器是目前临床研究最多的腰椎椎间融合器。生物型腰椎椎间融合器仍为评价其他植骨技术的金标准;金属型腰椎椎间融合器在设计理念、临床适应证、植入方式等方面有一些进展,仍具有明显优势;复合材料型腰椎椎间融合器与骨替代材料、骨形态发生蛋白联合应用日益成熟,临床疗效良好,为理想的椎间融合器;可吸收型腰椎椎间融合器作为一种新兴技术,因出现骨溶解、骨不融合及炎症反应明显而尚需逐步发展完善。该文就腰椎椎间融合器临床研究情况作一综述。     

两种手术方式治疗退变性腰椎滑脱症的疗效比较

[目的]对比椎弓根钉内固定联合单枚Cage斜形放置椎间植骨融合与椎弓根钉内固定后外侧融合治疗退变性腰椎滑脱的临床疗效。[方法]单节段退变性腰椎滑脱患者44例,按手术方式分为:Ⅰ组23例,行椎弓根器械复位固定后单枚Cage斜形放置的椎体间融合;Ⅱ组21例,行椎弓根器械复位固定后外侧融合。对两组术后JOA评分,腰腿痛VAS评分,影像学进行随访。[结果]随访15~36个月,两组间JOA评分、骨融合率无显著性差异(P>0.05);Ⅰ组在下腰痛缓解的VAS评分、Taillard指数、相对椎间隙高度的维持方面优于Ⅱ组(P<0.05)。[结论]单枚融合器附加椎弓根钉的椎间植骨融合是治疗退变性腰椎滑脱更为理想的方法。     

椎间融合器与椎弓根钉固定治疗腰椎滑脱症的比较研究

目的比较椎间融合器与椎弓根钉固定单独应用及二者联合应用治疗腰椎滑脱症的效果。方法102例腰椎滑脱症患者根据治疗方法不同分为3组:椎间融合器、椎弓根钉固定组(A组),单纯椎弓根钉固定组(B组),椎间融合器组(C组),3组均行椎间及后外侧植骨。对3组术前、术后和随访时JOA评分、滑脱率、复位率、滑脱角、椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度及并发症进行对比研究。结果3组术后较术前各项指标有明显改善(P<0.01);随访发现:B组、C组的复位率、滑脱角、椎间隙高度、椎间孔高度丢失程度较A组明显(P<0.05);B组、C组植骨融合失败率高(P<0.05);JOA评分A组优良率为93%,优于其他两组(P<0.05)。结论椎间融合器加椎弓根钉系统固定治疗腰椎滑脱症临床疗效肯定,并发症相对较少。     

两种不同椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎不稳临床疗效分析

目的比较两种不同椎间植骨融合术治疗腰椎不稳的临床疗效及各自优缺点。方法回顾性分析自2012年6月至2013年6月采用两种不同的植骨方法治疗64例腰椎不稳患者的临床资料,按照患者意愿分为打压植骨组和椎间融合器植骨组。打压植骨组40例,男28例,女12例;平均年龄62岁。椎间融合器植骨组24例,男16例,女8例;平均年龄61岁。观察并比较两组手术术后椎间隙高度变化、日本骨科协会(Japanese orthopaedic association,JOA)评分、临床疗效优良率及植骨融合率等指标。结果术后患者均获随访,随访时间16~28个月,平均23个月。两组术后及末次随访时椎间隙高度与术前相比均有显著提高,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与术后即刻比较,椎间融合器植骨组显著高于打压植骨组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。术前两组均行JOA评分比较,差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。末次随访时,各组JOA评分均较术前显著降低。术后1年复查X线片显示:椎间融合器植骨组植骨融合率均显著高于打压植骨组。结论椎弓根钉内固定结合椎间打压植骨融合与椎间融合器植骨融合治疗腰椎不稳,两种术式比较无明显临床疗效差异,可根据患者的具体情况选择相应术式。     

Quadrant系统联合Sextant-R系统微创治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床研究

目的探讨Quadrant系统联合Sextant-R系统微创治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法本组共收治腰椎滑脱症32例,其中峡部裂型13例、退变性19例。均采用椎旁肌间隙入路Quadrant系统下减压、植骨、融合,Sextant-R系统下进行置钉、滑脱提拉复位。采用VAS疼痛评分评估术前、术后一年的疼痛情况;采用腰椎JOA功能评分对术前、术后一年的腰椎功能进行评估、并计算改善率。通过滑脱率、滑脱角、椎间高度评估滑脱矫正情况。结果所有患者术中均无脑脊液漏、无神经根损伤。随访时间20～45个月,平均28个月。所有患者植骨均融合,无椎弓根螺钉断裂,融合器移位。VAS评分和JOA评分术前与术后一年比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。滑脱率由术前恢复到术后一年;滑脱角由术前恢复到术后一年;椎间高度由术前恢复到术后。结论把握好适应证,Quadrant系统联合Sextant-R系统微创治疗腰椎滑脱症是安全、有效的。     

新型解剖型纳米笼架在腰椎前路椎间融合中的应用

[目的]探讨解剖型纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66椎间融合器腰椎前路椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病的初步临床疗效。[方法]2014年2月~2016年2月本院收治23例腰椎退行性疾病患者,采用解剖型纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66椎间融合器斜向腰椎前路椎间融合术治疗。其中男10例,女13例;年龄51~64岁,平均54.20岁。腰椎间盘突出症13例,退变性腰椎滑脱7例,峡部裂性腰椎滑脱3例;观察手术时间、术中出血量及并发症发生情况,影像学观察椎间隙高度及植骨融合情况,以视觉疼痛模拟评分(VAS)和JOA评分评估临床效果。[结果]23例手术时间40~190 min,平均90 min;术中出血量30~120 ml,平均50 ml;全部病例随访8~26个月,平均18个月。随访期间1例发生术后屈髋和腰大肌无力,予以营养神经等保守治疗3周后症状缓解。余无内固定等相关并发症发生。椎间隙高度由术前平均(5.94±1.25)mm改善至末次随访的(9.58±1.27)mm。术后6个月时椎间植骨融合率91.70%,术前及末次随访腰痛VAS评分分别为(7.21±1.17)分、(0.73±0.69)分,腿痛VAS评分分别为(7.32±1.29)分、(0.79±0.58)分,JOA评分分别为(14.12±2.11)分、(27.42±1.32)分。[结论]解剖型纳米羟基磷灰石/聚酰胺66椎间融合器腰椎前路椎间融合术治疗腰椎退行性疾病初步临床应用疗效满意且并发症发生率低,可以作为腰椎退行性疾病的治疗方式之一。     

椎弓根螺钉内固定与椎间植骨融合器联合应用治疗腰椎滑脱症

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉内固定与椎间植骨融合器联合应用治疗腰椎滑脱症的临床疗效。方法 68例腰椎滑脱症患者,年龄35～79岁,平均51.8岁,行腰椎后路病变节段附件切除椎管减压,椎弓根螺钉内固定,自体椎间植骨融合。随访1～7年,观察JOA评分、融合情况、临床症状缓解情况、并发症等。结果所有患者临床症状都有不同程度的缓解。术后、术后1年及最终随访时临床恢复率分别为73.53、82.35和85.29。最后一次随访的融合率达98.53,1例未观察到可靠的融合,并在术后3年出现内固定的断裂而再次手术。围手术期并发症发生率为8.82,远期并发症发生率为4.41。结论椎弓根螺钉内固定与椎间植骨融合器联合应用治疗腰椎滑脱症临床疗效满意,并发症少,值得临床推广。     

同种异体骨板结合可吸收防粘连膜在腰椎间盘突出症手术中的应用

目的 探讨同种异体骨板结合可吸收防粘连膜在腰椎间盘突出症手术治疗中的应用及临床疗效.方法 对104例腰椎间盘突出症患者行椎板切除减压髓核摘除术,并结合应用同种异体骨板及可吸收防粘连膜,定期临床随访.结果 104例均获得随访,随访时间10个月～4年,平均2.6年.参照NAKAI疗效分级,疗效评定优14例、良80例、可10例,优良率90.4%.结论 应用同种异体骨板结合可吸收防粘连膜并椎板切除减压髓核摘除术治疗腰椎间盘突出症患者,疗效良好.     

异体骨垫在腰椎结核椎间融合术中的临床应用

[目的]评价异体骨垫在腰椎结核椎间融合中的临床应用效果.[方法]2005年6月～2009年11月,采用异体骨垫对腰椎单节段结核病灶清除后进行植骨融合41例.[结果]所有病例全部治愈,未发生结核复发,椎间融合率100％.[结论]采用异体骨垫对腰椎单节段结核病灶清除后进行植骨融合,方法简单,效果可靠,值得临床应用.     

The use of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) to promote spinal fusion in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model

STUDY DESIGN: A study on the efficacy of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 (rhBMP-2) in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model. OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficacy of rhBMP-2 with an absorbable collagen sponge carrier to promote spinal fusion in a nonhuman primate anterior interbody fusion model. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: RhBMP-2 is an osteoinductive growth factor capable of inducing new bone formation in vivo. Although dosage studies using rhBMP-2 have been performed on species of lower phylogenetic level, they cannot be extrapolated to the primate. Dosage studies on nonhuman primates are essential before proceeding with human primate application. METHODS: Six female adult Macaca mulatta (rhesus macaque) monkeys underwent an anterior L7-S1 interbody lumbar fusion. All six sites were assigned randomly to one of two fusion methods: 1) autogenous bone graft within a single freeze-dried smooth cortical dowel allograft cylinder (control) or 2) rhBMP-2-soaked absorbable collagen sponges within a single freeze-dried smooth cortical dowel allograft cylinder also soaked in rhBMP-2. The animals underwent a baseline computed tomography scan followed by 3- and 6-month postoperation scans. Anteroposterior and lateral radiographs of the lumbosacral spine were performed monthly. After the monkeys were killed, the lumbar spine fusion sites were evaluated. Histologic evaluation of all fusion sites was performed. RESULTS: The three monkeys receiving rhBMP-2-soaked collagen sponges with a freeze-dried allograft demonstrated radiographic signs of fusion as early as 8 weeks. The control animals were slower to reveal new bone formation. The computed tomography scans revealed extensive fusion of the L7-S1 lumbar vertebrae in the group with rhBMP-2. A pseudarthrosis was present in two of the control animals. CONCLUSIONS: This study was able to document the efficacy of rhBMP-2 with an absorbable collagen sponge carrier and a cortical dowel allograft to promote anterior interbody fusion in a nonhuman primate model at a dose of 0.4 mg per implant site (1.5 mg/mL concentration). The late of new bone formation and fusion with the use of rhBMP-2 and cortical dowel allograft appears to be far superior to that of autogenous cancellous iliac crest graft with cortical dowel allograft.     

腰椎前路椎间融合术临床应用进展

腰椎前路椎间融合术自O’Brien报道以来，目前已成为一种椎间融合的标准技术，广泛应用于椎体滑脱、椎间盘源性疼痛、腰椎失稳等病症的治疗。近年来，腰椎前路椎间融合术在临床应用方面进展很快，小切口术式的临床应用，腹腔镜下手术的开展，使手术趋向微创化；多种内固定器械开始用于临床以增强前路融合的稳定性；椎间融合器自外形到材料等都有很大发展，椎间融合率不断提高，同时，人们对其并发症也有更深刻地认识。本文对腰椎前路椎间融合术的临床应用现状进行综述。     

Is INFUSE bone graft superior to autograft bone? An integrated analysis of clinical trials using the LT-CAGE lumbar tapered fusion device

Multicenter human clinical studies of patients undergoing anterior lumbar fusion have been conducted using recombinant bone morphogenetic protein or rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge, marketed as INFUSE Bone Graft, or autograft implanted in the LT-CAGE Lumbar Tapered Fusion device. An integrated analysis of multiple clinical studies was performed using an analysis of covariance to adjust for preoperative variables in a total of 679 patients. Of these patients, 277 had their cages implanted with rhBMP-2 on an absorbable collagen sponge and 402 received autograft transferred from the iliac crest. The patients treated with rhBMP-2 had statistically superior outcomes with regard to length of surgery, blood loss, hospital stay, reoperation rate, median time to return to work, and fusion rates at 6, 12, and 24 months. Oswestry Disability Index scores and the Physical Component Scores and Pain Index of the SF-36 scale at 3, 6, 12, and 24 months showed statistically superior outcomes in the rhBMP-2 group.     

腰椎融合器在腰椎退行性病变治疗中的疗效分析

目的:分析80例使用腰椎融合器患者的疗效,评价腰椎融合器在治疗退行性病变腰椎疾病中的应用效果。方法:应用相对椎间隙高度、Taillard指数、腰椎曲线指数、节段前凸角、全腰椎前凸角等影像学检查指标及Greenough临床疗效标准,对80例使用腰椎融合器的腰椎退行性变的患者进行临床随访,对比分析术前术后及随访结果,评价治疗效果。结果:所有患者术前相对椎间隙高度平均为0·69(0·62~0·76),术后平均为1·24(1·14~1·34);Taillard指数术前平均为0·32(0·24~0·40),术后平均为0·03(0·02~0·04),手术疗效良好率达到91%。术后出现1例融合失败,发生率为1%。结论:腰融合器是治疗腰椎退行性病变的有效方法,应用时应掌握其准确的适应证和植入技术,避免并发症发生。     

Development and Application of Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion

The present study reviewed the relevant recent literature regarding the development and application of oblique lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF), with a particular focus on its application and associated complications. The study evaluated the rationality of this technique and demonstrated the direction of future research by collecting data on previous operative outcomes and complications. A literature search was performed in Pubmed and Web of Science, including the following keywords and abbreviations: anterior lumbar interbody fusion (ALIF), lateral lumbar interbody fusion (LLIF), direct lateral interbody fusion (DLIF), extreme lateral interbody fusion (XLIF), oblique lateral interbody fusion (OLIF), adjacent segment disease (ASD), and adult degenerative scoliosis (ADS). A search of literature published from January 2005 to January 2019 was conducted and all studies evaluating development and application of OLIF were included in the review. According to the literature, the indications for OLIF are various. OLIF has excellent orthopaedic effects in degenerative scoliosis patients and the incidence of bony fusion is higher than for other approaches. It also provides a better choice for revision surgery. It has various advantages in many aspects, but the complications cannot be ignored. As a new minimally invasive technique, the advantages of OLIF are obvious, but further evaluation is needed to compare its operation‐related data with that of traditional open surgery. In addition, more prospective studies are required to compare minimally invasive and open spinal surgery to confirm its specific efficacy, risk, advantages, learning curve, and ultimate clinical efficacy.     

腰椎融合术后骶髂关节源性下腰痛的诊断和治疗

目的探讨腰椎融合术后骶髂关节病变的特点、治疗方法与疗效。方法回顾性分析34例因腰椎管狭窄、腰椎间盘突出、腰椎滑脱曾行后路减压、后外侧或椎体间植骨融合及椎弓根内固定术，术后随访12～48个月（平均30．6个月）出现新的难治性持续性下腰痛症状的病例。运用骶髂关节内封闭进行诊断性治疗。阳性标准：疼痛缓解75％（采用视觉模拟评分法进行定量分析）。结果阳性率为26．5％，术后腰痛部位不同于术前以及融合范围包含L5、S1是具有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论腰椎融合术后下腰痛可能部分是由骶髂关节病变引起的，骶髂关节内封闭是当前诊断和治疗骶髂关节源性下腰痛的最有效的方法。     

膨胀式融合器(B-twin)联合椎弓根钉棒系统治疗腰椎退变性疾病的临床研究

目的探讨膨胀式融合器(B-twin)联合椎弓根钉棒系统治疗腰椎退行性疾病的临床效果。方法对42例退变性腰椎间盘突出、椎管狭窄、下腰椎失稳症患者采用单枚或双枚膨胀式融合器(B-twin)联合椎弓根钉棒系统手术治疗,术后随访6～48个月,平均25个月,采用MPQ、VAS、ODI评分对手术效果进行评估,统计数据主要应用SPSS10.0软件处理。腰椎正侧位X线片测量椎间隙高度并观察融合器与上、下椎体界面之间的融合情况。结果术后患者症状明显缓解,最后随访时椎体间融合率100%,无融合失败、融合器移位、椎弓根钉松动或断裂等并发症。结论膨胀式融合器可恢复椎间隙高度及腰椎曲线,融合率高、创伤小且容易置入,在腰椎退变性疾病治疗方面具有一定的优势和临床应用前景。     

A cost analysis of bone morphogenetic protein versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft in single-level anterior lumbar fusion

An economic model was developed to compare costs of stand-alone anterior lumbar interbody fusion with recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein 2 on an absorbable collagen sponge versus autogenous iliac crest bone graft in a tapered cylindrical cage or a threaded cortical bone dowel. The economic model was developed from clinical trial data, peer-reviewed literature, and clinical expert opinion. The upfront price of bone morphogenetic protein (3380 dollars) is likely to be offset to a significant extent by reductions in the use of other medical resources, particularly if costs incurred during the 2 year period following the index hospitalization are taken into account.