西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症疗效观察

目的：探讨西酞普兰治疗老年期抑郁症的临床疗效及安全性.方法：将60例老年期抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组及阿米替林组（各30例）.西酞普兰治疗剂量为20～40 mg/d,阿米替林为100～250 mg/d.疗程6周.疗效评定采用Hamilton抑郁量表（HAMD）,安全性评价应用副反应量表（TESS）及实验室检查.结果：西酞普兰组显效率为77%,有效率为92%,与阿米替林组的70%及90%相当;西酞普兰组不良反应较阿米替林组少且轻微.结论：西酞普兰与阿米替林对老年期抑郁症均有较好的疗效,但西酞普兰具有服用简便,不良反应轻等优点.     

西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗老年抑郁症的临床对照研究

目的探讨西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症的临床疗效和安全性。方法将79例老年抑郁症患者随机分配至西酞普兰组和阿米替林组。西酞普兰治疗剂量为20mg～60mg/d,阿米替林治疗剂量为100mg～300mg/d,疗程均为6周。采用汉米顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评定疗效,采用副反应症状量表（TESS）、体格检查、实验室检查评定其安全性。结果西酞普兰组有效率为92%,与阿米替林的87%相当（P〉0.05）,西酞普兰组不良反应少且轻微,患者耐受性好。结论西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症疗效好且安全。     

西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症的疗效对比观察

目的评价西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法将60例符合CCMD-3诊断标准的老年抑郁症病人随机分为两组，分别给予西酞普兰和阿米替林治疗6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）评价临床疗效，用不良反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果西酞普兰组显效率为80％，有效率为93．33％；阿米替林组显效率为76．67％，有效率为96．67％。两组间疗效无显著性差异（P〉0．05）。西酞普兰组常见的不良反应有恶心、口干、头痛等，但发生率较低。结论西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症安全有效，不良反应轻微。     

西酞普兰与马普替林治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的：探讨西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的疗效和安全性。方法：将60例抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组和马普替林组,治疗6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）评定疗效,采用副反应量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：西酞普兰组显效率为83．3％,马普替林组显效率为76．7％,两组差异无显著性。HAMA减分率西酞普兰组明显多于马普替林组,西酞普兰组不良反应较少而轻微。结论：西酞普兰治疗抑郁症见效快,疗效肯定,不良反应轻,依从性好。     

西酞普兰治疗老年抑郁症对照研究

目的：探讨西酞普兰治疗急性期老年抑郁症的有效性及安全性。方法：收集各类抑郁急性发作、年龄≥60岁的患者进行西酞普兰和阿米替林单盲对照治疗，治疗8周。疗效及安全性评定采用17项汉密顿抑郁量表和副反应量表。结果：70例完成观察，其中西酞普兰组34例，阿米替林组36例。治疗第2周时，西酞普兰组有效率显著较高。在第8周时两组疗效差异无显著性。西酞普兰组的不良反应明显较少。结论：西酞普兰见效较快，不良反应较少，适合于老年抑郁症特别是伴有躯体疾病患者的急性期治疗。     

西酞普兰治疗脑卒中后抑郁对照研究

目的：比较西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗脑卒中后抑郁的疗效和安全性。方法：72例脑卒中后抑郁患者，随机分成两组，分别用西酞普兰和阿米替林治疗8周。采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)、Montgomerg-Asberg抑郁量表(MADS)和副反应量表(TESS)于治疗前和治疗后1、2、4、8周末分别评定疗效和不良反应。结果：西酞普兰组与阿米替林组间的HAMD、MADS评分差异均无显著性，西酞普兰组不良反应较阿米替林组少而轻。结论：西酞普兰治疗脑卒中后抑郁疗效好，安全性高，不良反应轻微。     

西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的　探讨选择性五羟色胺再摄取抑制剂西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法　将 6 0例符合CCMD 3诊断标准的抑郁症患者随机分为两组 ,分别给予西酞普兰和阿米替林治疗 ,共治疗 6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表 (HAMD)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表 (HAMA)、临床总体评定量表 (CGI)评定临床疗效 ,采用副反应量表 (TESS)评定副反应。结果　西酞普兰组显效率 80 % ,阿米替林组显效率 76 .6 7% ,差异无显著性 ,各因子分中西酞普兰组认知障碍减分多于阿米替林组 ,差异有显著性。HAMA减分西酞普兰组少于阿米替林组 ,差异无显著性。西酞普兰常见副反应有恶心、口干、头痛等 ,但比较轻微。结论　西酞普兰见效快 ,疗效肯定 ,副反应发生率少而轻微。     

西酞普兰治疗阿尔茨海默病所致抑郁对照研究

目的:比较西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗阿尔茨海默病(AD)所致抑郁的患者临床疗效和安全性.方法:80例诊断为AD的抑郁患者,随机分成两组,分别用西酞普兰和阿米替林治疗8周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和副反应量表(TESS)于治疗前和治疗2、4、6、8周末分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果:西酞普兰组与阿米替林组HAMD评分差异无显著性.西酞普兰组不良反应较阿米替林组少而轻.结论:西酞普兰治疗阿尔茨海默病的抑郁疗效好,安全性高,不良反应轻微.     

西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的比较西酞普兰与阿米替林治疗抑郁症的疗效与副反应。方法80例抑郁症随机分成两组,一组服用西酞普兰,另一组服用阿米替林,治疗8周。结果西酞普兰组显效率为82.5%,总有效率95%;阿米替林组显效率为67.5%,总有效率92.5%。起效时间:西酞普兰为11天,平均(13.4±2.6)天。阿米替林为15天,平均(16.2±2.1)天。西酞普兰组和阿米替林组的副反应发生率分别为12.5%和47.5%,差异有显著性(p〈0.01)。结论西酞普兰治疗抑郁症疗效确切,起效快,副反应小,安全性大,可作为一线抗抑郁药物。     

西酞普兰治疗脑卒中后抑郁障碍的对照分析

目的 比较西酞普兰和阿米替林对脑卒中后抑郁障碍的疗效及神经功能康复的影响。方法 62例患者随机分为西酞普兰组和阿米替林组，治疗6周采有汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定疗效。结果 西酞普兰组在2—4周末时对脑卒中后抑郁障碍的疗效明显优于阿米替林组，在6周末时两者无明显差异，且西酞普兰组不良反应更少。结论 西酞普兰可明显改善脑卒中后抑郁障碍的程度。     

Denervation study of synapses of organ of corti of old world monkeys

Fine structural characteristics of synapses in the spiral organ of Corti were examined, with reference to differences between inner and outer haircell systems, and to location of neurons of origin of efferent axons. Surgical interruption of crossed olivocochlear bundle, of vestibular nerve, of facial nerve, and excision of superior cervical ganglia were used to determine the pathways of efferent axons. Interruption of the vestibular nerve near the brainstem results in degeneration of all efferent terminals on outer hair cells. Mid-line lesions at, and caudal to, the facial colliculus result in degeneration of about half of these efferent terminals. Efferent synaptic bulbs to the inner hair-cell system are small, of the order of one micron, and form type 2 junctions with afferent dendrites. They tend to have more large dense-core vesicles (about 80 nm) than the large efferent terminals of the outer hair-cell system, and appear to be the terminals of axons in the habenula perforata, which exhibit varicosities laden with large dense core vesicles. The varicosities are unaffected by excision of the superior cervical ganglia. So far as our material can reveal, it appears that the varicosities in the habenula perforata do not survive vestibular root interruption, nor do the efferent processes in the internal spiral bundle or at the base of inner hair cells. Most interestingly, the afferent processes of the inner hair-cell system, as identified for example by their relation to pre-synaptic bodies in the inner hair cells, are subject to a trans-synaptic reaction after severance of the vestibular root. They undergo a dramatic cytological transformation, characterized by increase of volume, engorgement with microtubules, microfilaments, microvesicles of various sizes, and clusters of lysosomes. Thus, both the efferent and afferent terminals of the inner hair-cell system show marked cytological differences from the corresponding terminals of the outer hair cell system.     

Summary of legislation of 1935 of interest to the department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Summary of legislation of 1941 of interest to the Department of Mental Hygiene

Psychiatric Quarterly -     

Asymmetry of on- and off-pathways of blue-sensitive cones of the retina of macaques

Macaque retinal ganglion cells whose receptive-field center recieves input from blue-sensitive cones show an overt asymmetry of the frequency of ON-center and OFF-center varieties, an asymmetry not present in ganglion cells whose center receives input from the other two cone types. A similar asymmetry of ON/OFF responses is found in the local electrotetinogram (d-wave) mediated by signals from blue-sensitive cones. ‘Blue-ON-center’ ganglion cells have larger receptive-field centers and shorter conduction latencies than other opponent-color varieties, suggesting an appreciable degree of receptor convergence and presumably large cell bodies. Intracellular stainings of these neurons with Procion Yellow show that they correspond to diffuse stratified (Parasol) ganglion cells whose flat-topped dendritic arborization stratifies in the sclerad half of the inner plexiform layer. In view of the known characteristics of macaque bipolar cells and of the ON/OFF asymmetry, it is proposed that these ganglion cells are postsynaptic to cone-specific flat bipolars possibly mediating sign-inverting synaptic contacts. The results also indicate a reversal, for the blue-cone pathway, of the ON/OFF lamination of the inner plexiform layer that has recently been described in other species.     

Mechanism of action of tubocurarine on nicotinic cholinoreceptors of neurons of the sympathetic ganglia of rats

Tubocurarine (Tc) effect on membrane currents elicited by acetylcholine (ACh) was studied in isolated superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat using patch-clamp method in the whole-cell recording mode. The "use-dependent" block of ACh current by Tc was revealed in the experiments with ACh applications, indicating that Tc blocked the channels opened by ACh. Mean lifetime of Tc-open channel complex, tau, was found to be 9.8 +/- 0.5 s (n = 7) at -50 mV and 20-24 degrees C. tau exponentially increased with membrane hyperpolarization (e-fold change in tau corresponded to the membrane potential shift by 61 mV). Inhibition of the ACh-induced current by Tc (3-30 microM/1) was completely abolished by membrane depolarization to the level of 80-100 mV. Inhibition of ACh-induced current was augmented at increased ACh doses. It is concluded that the open channel block produced by Tc is likely to be the only mechanism for Tc action on nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in superior cervical ganglion neurons of rat.