108株肠球菌的分布及耐药监测分析

目的：分析肠球菌医院感染的分布特点及耐药情况，为临床合理用药提供依据。方法：按全国临床检验操作规程分离鉴定细菌，药敏试验采用美国临床实验室标准化研究所推荐的纸片扩散法。结果：肠球菌主要分布在痰、尿标本中。108株肠球菌中粪肠球菌77株，屎肠球菌21株，其他10株。屎肠球菌的耐药率明显高于粪肠球菌。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对万古霉素的耐药率较低，但也已分别达4．8％和3．9％，除米诺环素和呋喃妥因的耐药率在38．1％以下，其他均在42．9％以上，屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对庆大霉素的高水平耐药前者已高达66．7％，后者高达54．5％。结论：肠球菌主要引起呼吸道和泌尿道感染，并具有多重耐药性，临床应根据药敏结果合理选用抗菌药物。     

粪、屎肠球菌对9种常用抗生素的敏感性分析

目的分析我院2003—2006年临床标本分离的粪、屎肠球菌对9种常用抗生素的敏感性，为临床医生提供粪、尿肠球菌感染的治疗对策。方法应用VITEK-32微生物系统回顾性分析近4a我院粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌对抗生素的敏感性。结果432株粪、屎肠球菌在临床分离的所有肠球菌中占77．0％，其中粪肠球菌为274株（48．8％），屎肠球菌为158株（28．2％）。粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌51起的感染部位有差异，前3位分离粪肠球菌的临床标本依次为尿液46．0％、脓性分泌物31．0％、痰液18．6％。分离屎肠球菌的临床标本依次为尿液75．9％、脓性分泌物15．8％、痰液5．1％。粪肠球菌对呋喃妥因、力奈唑烷、万古霉素敏感率〉90％，对高浓度的庆大霉素、链霉素、四环素、左氧氟沙星和莫昔沙星敏感率〈50％。屎肠球菌对力奈唑烷、万古霉素敏感率〉90％，对四环素敏感率78％～88％。对高浓度的庆大霉素、链霉素敏感率〈50％，对左氧氟沙星、莫昔沙星、青霉素-G敏感率〈10％。结论临床分离的肠球菌以粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌为主，屎肠球菌对四环素敏感率高于粪肠球菌，屎肠球菌对多种抗生素较粪肠球菌具有更强的耐药性，粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌对万古霉素敏感率89．8％和91．6％。粪肠球菌、屎肠球菌对万古霉素耐药率6．9％和7．0％。     

652株肠球菌的分布及其耐药性分析

目的 了解临床标本分离的肠球菌菌群分布及其耐药性情况。方法 用Vitek-AMS-60全自动细菌鉴定仪对肠球菌进行鉴定，用K-B法进行药敏试验。结果 652株肠球菌中粪肠球菌占81．7％，屎肠球菌占15．5％，其它肠球菌占2．8％；肠球菌的检出率以胆道最高(22．6％)，呼吸系统次之(19．2％)，泌尿系统为15．8％。肠球菌对抗生素的敏感率以替考拉宁最高(99．2％)，其次为万古霉素(98．9％)，屎肠球菌的耐药性明显高于粪肠球菌。结论 肠球菌以引起胆道系统感染最常见，对常用抗生素的敏感性以替考拉宁最高，其次为万古霉素。庆大霉素高水平耐药菌株(HLAR)耐药率明显高于低耐株。     

254株肠球菌的分布及耐药性分析

目的 了解该院2001年1月～2004年12月临床分离的肠球菌的菌种分布和耐药情况。方法 采用梅里埃API细菌生化鉴定系统对肠球菌进行鉴定，用K-B法进行药敏测定。结果 254株肠球菌中以粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌分离率最高，分别占76．8％和14．6％，其他肠球菌占8．6％；肠球菌对万古霉素的耐药率为零，对青霉素、氨苄西林的耐药率，粪肠球菌为8．7％和7．7％，屎肠球菌均为89．2％；粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌的耐药率对高浓度庆大霉素分别为34．4％和56．8％，对呋喃妥因分别为9.7％和29．7％，对左氧氟沙星分别为26．7％和75．7％，对氯霉素分别为40．0％和29．7％，对红霉素分别为79．0％和91．9％。结论 引起医院感染的肠球菌主要是粪肠球菌和屎肠球菌，对青霉素类抗生素的耐药性屎肠球菌明显高于粪肠球菌，未检出耐万古霉素的肠球菌。     

肠球菌属在临床标本中的分布特点及对抗菌药物的耐药性分析

目的:分析肠球菌属在临床标本中的分布特点及对抗菌药物的耐药性。方法:采集我院2012年1月至2015年6月期间临床标本中分离出的397株肠球菌属,用纸片扩散法与Bio-Mic法进行药敏实验,用统计学软件SPPSS19.0进行数据处理。结果:本组标本中,屎肠球菌、粪肠球菌、其他球菌所占比例分别为49.62%、48.87%、1.51%。临床标本来自尿液的占38.54%,来自分泌物的占18.14%,来自血液的占13.60%,来自痰液的占8.06%。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对万古霉素的耐药率均较低,其中共检出耐万古霉素肠球菌(VRE)26株(6.55%)。结论:肠球菌属中引起感染性疾病的主要病原菌是屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌,其分布较广,常见感染为泌尿系统感染,肠球菌属对多种抗菌药物的耐药率较高,临床中医护人员应提高对肠球菌属的认知,合理使用抗菌药物。     

144株肠球菌属的临床分布及耐药分析

目的了解近3 a合肥地区肠球菌属的临床分布及耐药情况,为临床合理用药提供依据。方法统计2010年1月～2012年12月临床标本分离的肠球菌属,用API 20 Strep板条和ATB NEW系统,并用K-B法检测细菌药物敏感试验。结果从各种临床标本中分离肠球菌144株,其中粪肠球菌81株,屎肠球菌57株,其他肠球菌6株。标本主要来源为尿液、脓液、痰液等,分别占30.6%、20.8%、19.4%。药敏试验结果显示,肠球菌属对利福平、红霉素、克林霉素、四环素、氯霉素的耐药率较高,均大于60%,对万古霉素和替考拉宁敏感性最好;屎肠球菌对多种抗菌药物整体耐药率高于粪肠球菌。结论肠球菌属对多种抗菌药物耐药严重,屎肠球菌整体耐药率高于粪肠球菌,万古霉素和替考拉宁是肠球菌属最敏感的药物。     

综合性ICU患者下呼吸道标本肠球菌构成及耐药分析

目的分析我院综合性重症监护病房患者下呼吸道标本中肠球菌流行现状及耐药分析,为临床治疗提供科学依据。方法采用回顾性研究我院综合性重症监护病房2006年11月-2008年11月下呼吸道标本中274株革兰阳性菌中的54株肠球菌,应用Kirby—Bauer琼脂稀释法和VITEK系统鉴定进行药敏分析。结果274株阳性菌中主要是MRSA172株（62．77％）,肠球菌54株（19．71％）,其中粪肠球菌38株和屎肠球茵16株。屎肠球菌对青霉素、氨苄青霉素、左氧氟沙星、环丙沙星、万古霉素、四环素、庆大霉素、链霉素、奎奴普丁／达福普丁的耐药率明显高于粪肠球菌,粪肠球菌中有6株对万古霉素耐药,对利奈唑胺均未发现耐药株。结论重视肠球菌的动态监测及药敏分析,以科学指导临床工作。     

553株肠球菌药敏结果分析

目的：探讨553株肠球菌在院内感染患者标本的分布，对18种抗生素的药物敏感情况和耐万古霉素菌株的检出情况。方法：选取2000年-2001年院内感染患者分离标本，使用VITEK-TWO鉴定系统进行菌种鉴定，药敏实验，并根据万古霉素和替考拉宁药敏情况进行万古霉素耐药临床分型。结果：553株肠球菌中粪肠球菌508株，(91．86％)。屎肠球菌45株，(8．14％)。标本分布分别为呼吸道(45．02％)，泌尿生殖道(32．54％)，分泌物及引流液(12．83％)，血液(4．33％)和其它部位(5．24％)。18种抗生素对肠球菌呈多重耐药，20％粪肠球菌耐高浓度庆大霉素。18株耐万古霉素菌株分型VanA6株，VanB9株，VaNc3株，45株屎肠球菌未发现万古霉素耐药株。结论：肠球菌是院内感染的重要病原菌，由于其多重耐药，成为临床治疗的难题。在治疗肠球菌感染时要合理使用抗生素。     

276株肠球菌属的临床分布及耐药分析

目的分析临床分离的肠球菌属的分布情况及耐药性变化,为临床合理用药提供可靠治疗依据。方法收集2007-01～2009-12间,常规培养检测出的276株肠球菌属,采用M icroscan细菌鉴定系统对分离株进行鉴定,并分析其在各临床标本中的分布特征、耐药情况、高浓度氨基糖苷类耐药状况及β-内酰胺酶的检测结果。结果共分离出276株肠球菌属,其中粪肠球菌139株,屎肠球菌121株,其他肠球菌16株;检测菌株数最多的标本分别是尿液、痰液及咽拭子、分泌物;药敏结果表明,屎肠球菌的总体耐药率高于粪肠球菌;肠球菌属对四环素、红霉素、环丙沙星、利福平的耐药率较高,对万古霉素、利奈唑胺保持高度敏感性。结论肠球菌感染以屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌为主,可引起多部位感染,对临床常用抗生素耐药严重。医院应加强抗菌药物使用的管理,以降低肠球菌的耐药率。     

222株肠球菌的临床分布及药敏结果分析

目的:了解我院肠球菌的临床分布特征、对常用抗生素的耐药特点、指导临床合理使用抗菌药物。方法:收集222株临床分离的肠球菌,采用Vitek 2细菌鉴定药敏分析仪作细菌鉴定及药敏试验,采用WHONET5.4统计软件进行数据统计,采用SPSS17.0统计软件分析屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌耐药率的差异。结果:222株肠球菌的构成比为屎肠球菌125株(56.3%)、粪肠球菌81株(36.5%)、其他肠球菌16株(7.2%)。中段尿、病灶或伤口分泌物为主要标本来源,分布于外科及内科等多个病区。屎肠球菌的对氨苄西林、氨苄西林/舒巴坦、环丙沙星、红霉素、莫西沙星、高浓度庆大霉素、奎奴普汀/达福普汀的耐药率分别为87.2%、76.8%、80.0%、94.4%、79.2%、81.6%、5.6%。粪肠球菌的为49.4%、3.7%、13.6%、72.8%、14.8%、56.8%、87.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义。屎肠球菌对替考拉宁、四环素及高浓度链霉素耐药率为0.8%、84.8%、54.4%与粪肠球菌的0、86.4%、34.6%相比较差异无统计学意义。屎肠球菌和粪肠球菌对万古霉素及利奈唑胺的耐药率为0。结论:我院屎肠球菌检出率高于粪肠球菌,且屎肠球菌对常用抗生素的耐药率高于粪肠球菌。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.