背驮式肝移植肝脏流出道重建方法探讨

目的：总结我院肝移植时肝流出道重建的经验。方法：回顾性分析我院50例肝移植时肝流出道重建方法的改进及效果。结果：本组肝移植病例围手术期死亡8例，围手术期死亡率为16％。本组并发症为：肺部感染32例：多器官功能衰竭2例；腹腔内出血2例；肝动脉血栓形成1例；胆漏2例；无肝脏流出道梗阻。2例生存超过3年，8例生存超过2年，18例生存超过1年。结论：肝流出道重建方法的改进有利于提高肝移植的成功率，减少技术性并发症。     

改良的肝脏移植流出道重建术

目的　总结我院肝移植时应用改良的肝脏流出道重建方式的经验。方法　回顾性分析我院14 2例肝移植时肝脏流出道重建方式的改良及其效果。结果　本组肝移植病例14 2例中手术死亡16例,手术死亡率为11 2 7%。无肝脏流出道梗阻。2例存活超过4年,5例存活超过3年,34例存活超过2年,38例存活超过1年。结论　改良的肝脏流出道重建方式有利于减少技术性并发症、缩短手术时间     

改良背驮式肝移植临床应用研究

目的 探讨在背驮式原位肝移植病旰切除过程中应用常温下全肝血流预阻断(放置阻断带)的方法以及新肝置入术中改良肝上下腔静脉侧侧吻合方法以预防木中凶险性出血及确保新肝流出道通畅难点问题的临床意义。方法 10例背驮式原位肝移植受体病肝切除及新肝置入时均采用了常温下全肝血流预阻断及改良的肝上下腔静脉侧侧吻合方法完成。结果 10例患者手术顺利完成。结论 常温下全肝血流放置预置带预阻断的方法是避免受体病肝切除过程中凶险性出血的安全而有效的方法。改良受体肝上下腔静脉侧侧吻合是保证新肝流出道通畅的一简便而有效的措施。上述方法的实施对保证背驮式原位肝移植手术的成功具有极其重要的意义。     

改良背驮式同种异体肝移植:附14例报告

摘要：目的 总结分析改良背驮式肝移植供肝修整与手术后并发症的关系。方法 回顾性分析我院17例原位背驮式同种异体肝移植中14例改良背驮式肝移植并发症的发生与供肝修整中的关系。14例中行动脉血管变异整形2例，门静脉搭桥吻合1例；14例各韧带修剪后缝合10例，未缝合4例。结果 全组改良背驮式肝移植14例围手术期无死亡；手术成功100％。术后腹腔内出血3例，与供肝修整有关2例。手术后无动脉及门静脉血管并发症，无胆道并发症，无肝脏流出道梗阻。结论 修肝是肝移植中一个重要的环节，修肝质量的好坏，直接关系到术中植肝时手术操作的难度及术后供肝存活的质量；关系到术后并发症的发生。而对于改良背驮式肝移植供肝修整中,肝后下腔静脉的成形至关重要,成形口与供肝静脉出口必相对应,可以有效防止血液涡流的产生,确保流出道通畅,并有效防止血栓的形成。     

背驮式肝移植手术方法的新改进

肝脏移植的病肝切除术中大出血和供肝植入后流出道梗阻严重影响肝移植手术的成功率及病人的长期生存率.改进肝切除及流出道重建技术,进一步改善肝移植的效果对促进肝脏移植的进步是非常必要的.该研究报告山东大学齐鲁医院肝移植方法的改进及其效果.     

经典原位肝移植手术之经验

所谓经典原位肝移植（也叫传统原位肝移植）是指切除受体的病肝及肝后下腔静脉,利用供体的肝上、肝下下腔静脉来重建和恢复肝脏的流出道与腔静脉的连续性。早年的肝移植方法大都采用此种术式并有别于后来的背驮式肝移植,故称之为传统的或经典的术式。我院自１９９３年开展首例肝移植以来,现已实施８０余例,其中包括６例肝肾联合移植,一例小儿活体肝移植和一例成人－成人间扩大右半肝移植,余均为经典式原位肝移植。其中良性终末期肝病一年生存率为７５％,最长存活已近３年。现就手术方面的经验与体会谈几点看法。供体手术在目前我国脑…     

背驮式肝移植技术在成人原位肝移植中的应用

传统的成人原位肝移植手术需使用常用的静脉静脉血管旁路的腔静脉重建技术。近年来无血管旁路转流的背驮式技术已开始广泛应用。该研究的目的是评估成人原位肝移植手术常规运用背驮式技术的效果。美国迈阿密大学Jackson Memorial医学中心对1994年6月到2001年7月完成的成人原位肝移植1067例进行回顾性分析，对病人的人种、影响因子包括冷缺血时间、热缺血时间、手术时间、输液量、出血量、以及手术后结果进行评估。结果显示，共有918例进行背驮式肝移植，运用背驮式肝移植技术可减少输血量、热缺血时间、以及减少使用静脉-静脉旁路转流。运用背驮式肝移植技术的病人有75例（8．3％）出现顽固性腹水，5例（0．54％）静脉流出道狭窄（P=NS），术后肝肾功能衰竭发病率与传统手术相似。背驮式肝移植的总的1、3、5年存活率分别为85％、78％、72％。单一变量分析提示：腔静脉重建方法、冷缺血时间、热缺血时间、总输液量、总住院日、供肝年龄、以及肝脏肿瘤表现是影响移植肝存活的显著因素；多变量因素分析提示：冷缺血时间、供肝年龄、总输液量、以及总住院日是移植肝存活的预后因素。作者认为，大部分的成人原位肝移植可运用背驮式技术。[第一段]     

背驮式原位肝移植术治疗Caroli''s病

目的 总结背驮式原位肝移植技术治疗Caroli's病的经验。方法 回顾性分析2例Caroli's病病人行背驮式原位肝移植手术的临床资料。结果 2例Caroli's病病人背驮式原位肝移植手术获得成功，手术效果好，已分别存活17及18个月，已恢复工作和正常生活，结论 背驮式原位肝移植是目前治疗弥漫的伴反复胆管炎的Caroli's病的有效方法。     

经典原位肝移植的手术要领

经历近40多年的不断开拓发展,肝移植的手术方式目前已基本定型,在全球许多移植中心已成为一种常规的治疗终末期肝病的手术。但毕竟肝移植是技术复杂、难度很高的大手术,掌握手术要点,处理好手术过程中的每一个细节,将会大大降低手术风险。本文结合点滴个人手术体会谈一谈经典原位肝移植的手术要点。经典肝移植的切除范围包括病肝和肝后下腔静脉,然后以带有肝后下腔静脉的供肝在受体位缝合,对各脉管系统及胆道进行端端吻合予以重建。与背驮式肝移植等其它手术式相比,其优点是其重建模式符合生理状态,较少形成湍流和流出道梗阻。切除范围相对…     

腔静脉成型术在背驮式肝移植术中的应用

目的推荐和总结在实施背驮式肝移植术中采用腔静脉成型术，以期减少术后肝脏流出道梗阻并发症的发生。方法总结2002年1月至2003年4月所实施的23例背驮式肝移植病人，术中实施受体肝静脉成型后，在腔静脉前壁做等腰三角形成型，与供体肝后腔静脉后壁的等腰三角形成型后对口吻合，以减少肝脏流出道梗阻的经验。结果22例病人术中过程顺利，术后恢复良好，无一例发生肝脏流出道梗阻。1例由于术中切肝时误将受体肝后腔静脉横断而改行原位肝移植，术后恢复良好，未发生流出道梗阻。结论在背驮式肝移植术中采用腔静脉成型技术，可以明显降低肝脏流出道梗阻并发症的发生。同时具有简化切肝过程，降低吻合难度，强化移植肝的稳定性，无肝期短的优点。当供受体之间大小存在明显差异时，或实施儿童的减体积性肝移植时该技术具有明显优势。强调用此法切肝时切忌误伤受体肝后腔静脉。     

An Alternative Method of Reconstruction of Hepatic Venous Outflow in Domino Liver Transplantation

The double piggyback technique has been proposed for domino liver transplantation. To make this possible, it is necessary to reconstruct the venous outflow of the domino liver graft on the back table. We describe an alternative method of reconstruction of hepatic venous outflow, in which a neocaval segment is obtained using both common iliac veins from the cadaveric donor.     

背驮式肝移植治疗Wilson′s病：附29例报告

目的:总结经典背驮式肝移植术(SP2BLT）和改良背驮式肝移植术（MPBLT）治疗Wilson′s病的临床经验。方法:对近12年来29例Wilson′s病患者施行背驮式肝移植的临床资料进行回顾性分析。男22例,女7例; 8～14岁者6例,14～37岁者23例。暴发性肝功能衰竭2例,慢性肝功能不全18例,肝功能基本正常9例; 伴有不同程度的神经精神障碍者24例。手术方式：SPBLT 13例,MPBLT 16例。结果:随访1个月至12年,中位随访时间为47个月。围手术期死亡4例,其中2例死于肝静脉回流受阻导致术后肝功能衰竭,均发生在SPBLT组; 另外2例分别死于肝动脉栓塞和胆瘘合并严重感染。受体1年存活率为86%,3年存活率为79%。血清铜和铜兰蛋白在术后4周基本恢复正常。神经精神障碍术后均有不同程度的缓解。最长存活期12年。结论:背驮式肝移植治疗Wilson′s病可获得满意的临床效果和生活质量,而MPBLT技术可减少术后并发症,提高手术存活率。     

Isolated right hepatic vein obstruction after piggyback liver transplantation.

The "piggyback" technique for liver transplantation has gained worldwide acceptance. Still, complications such as outflow obstruction have been observed, usually attributable to technical errors such as small-caliber anastomosis of the suprahepatic vena cava, twisting, or kinking. Iatrogenic Budd-Chiari syndrome after piggyback liver transplantation has been reported as a consequence of obstruction involving the entire anastomosis (usually the 3 hepatic veins). Here we describe technical issues, clinical presentation, diagnosis, and treatment of 3 cases in which outflow obstruction affected only the right hepatic vein. In conclusion, all 3 patients developed recurrent ascites requiring angioplasty and/or stent placement across the right hepatic vein to alleviate the symptoms.     

附加腔静脉成形的背驮式原位肝移植术

目的　探讨腔静脉成形术在背驮式原位肝移植中的应用价值及在防止移植肝流出道阻塞并发症中的作用。方法　 3例终末期肝病病人选为肝移植受者。供肝的下腔静脉及受体的肝后下腔静脉 (包括肝静脉 )均作了成形术 ,在单独股 -腋静脉转流术下行改良背驮式肝移植术。结果　 3例病人术中均较平稳 ,手术时间和无肝期缩短 ,出血量减少 ,术后肝功能恢复快 ,恢复顺利 ,无并发症发生。结论　腔静脉成形术可防止背驮式肝移植肝静脉流出道阻塞 ,术中对受体的血流动力学干扰小 ,并可缩短无肝期和减少腔静脉梗阻并发症的发生。     

Hepatic Venous Outflow Obstruction in Adult Deceased Donor Liver Transplantation: Classic Piggyback Implantation Versus a Modified Technique that Widens the Ostium of the Recipient's Left and Middle Hepatic Veins

BackgroundThe classic piggyback technique uses the union of the 3 hepatic veins to perform the cavo-caval anastomosis. However, due to the lateral localization of the right hepatic vein, the partial clamping of the vena cava in this technique significantly reduces the venous return to the right atrium. To avoid this, we adopted in 2015 a modified piggyback technique, in which we use the common trunk of the middle and left hepatic veins and also perform a lateral incision toward the right in the anterior wall of the vena cava in order to widen the final ostium of the cavo-caval anastomosis. The aim of the study was to analyze the incidence of hepatic venous outflow obstruction between those 2 techniques.MethodsRetrospective study of liver transplant recipients undergoing venography for suspected hepatic venous outflow obstruction from January 2009 to June 2021. Patients undergoing transplantation with living donors or split grafts and pediatric cases were excluded from the study.ResultsFrom January 2009 to December 2014 and from January 2015 to June 2021, 587 (group 1) and 730 (group 2) deceased-donor liver transplants were performed with the classic and the modified piggyback techniques, respectively. The incidence of cases with suspected hepatic venous outflow obstruction in groups 1 and 2 were 1.87% (n = 11) and 0.95% (n = 7), respectively (P = 0,15). The number of confirmed patients with outflow blockage that required endovascular treatment during venography in groups 1 and 2 were 4 (0.68%) and 5 (0.68%), respectively (P = 0,31).ConclusionsThis modified piggyback technique did not increase the incidence of hepatic venous outflow obstruction at our service.     

Hepatic vein reconstruction for resection of hepatic tumors

SUMMARY BACKGROUND DATA: Involvement of the hepatic veins requiring reconstruction has traditionally been considered a contraindication to resection for advanced tumors of the liver because the surgical risks are high and the long-term prognosis poor. Recent advances in liver surgery gleaned from split and live donor liver transplantation that necessitate hepatic vein reconstruction can be applied to hepatic resection in some cases. METHODS: Sixteen patients who underwent hepatic resection requiring hepatic vein reconstruction from 1996-2001 were reviewed. The mean age was 43 years (range 2-61). Nine patients were resected for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), five patients for colorectal metastases, and one patient each for hepatoblastoma and cholangiocarcinoma. In six patients with HCC and cirrhosis, the right hepatic vein was reconstructed to provide venous outflow to liver segments not adequately drained by a remaining major hepatic vein. Four of these six patients required the use of Gore-Tex (W. L. Gore & Associates, Inc., Newark, DE) interposition grafts. In the 10 other cases the entire venous outflow from the remnant liver was reconstructed or reimplanted into the inferior vena cava primarily (n = 8) or using segments of the portal vein from the resected side of the liver as a graft (n = 2). Ex-vivo procedures with the use of veno-venous bypass were required in two cases and in-situ cold perfusion of the liver was used in one case. RESULTS: There were two perioperative deaths (12%). One patient died of liver failure 3 weeks after right trisegmentectomy with reconstruction of the left hepatic vein and one patient died at 3 months after resection due to sepsis from a segment of small bowel that perforated into a diaphragmatic hernia. Four patients had evidence of postoperative liver failure that resolved with supportive management and one patient required temporary dialysis. All vascular reconstructions were patent at last followup. With median followup of 23 months, 3 patients have died of recurrent malignancy at 14, 18 and 30 months, while an additional patient went on to die of progressive liver failure at 22 months. Actuarial 1 and 3 year survival was 88% and 50% respectively. CONCLUSION: Hepatic vein involvement by hepatic malignancy does not necessarily preclude resection. Liver resection with reconstruction of the hepatic veins can be performed in selected cases. The increased risk associated with the procedure appears to be balanced by the possible benefits, particularly when the lack of alternative curative approaches is considered.