知母等40种中药对猪晶状体醛糖还原酶的抑制作用

醛糖还原酶在糖性白内障和其它糖尿病并发症的发病中起着关键性的作用。，为从大量中草药及其化学成份中筛选有效低毒的醛糖还原酶抑制剂，建立了猪晶状体ＡＲ的测定方法，其研究了知母等４０种中药水提取液对ＡＲ的抑制作用发现知母对ＡＲ有较强的抑制作用，基ＩＣ５０为１９ｍｌ／Ｌ。     

醛糖还原酶抑制剂筛选模型的建立

目的:建立醛糖还原酶抑制剂筛选模型,提供筛选醛糖还原酶抑制剂的方法。方法:从大鼠晶状体中提取醛糖还原酶,设定10 mmol/L DL-甘油醛为底物,0.15 mmol/L NADPH为辅酶等条件建立初始酶促反应体系,维持其它条件不变改变底物浓度、辅酶浓度、反应温度和反应时间,选择酶活性峰值点建立模型,通过比较槲皮素与芦丁对醛糖还原酶的抑制作用检验此模型。结果:醛糖还原酶酶促反应体系组成:总体积1 ml,各反应液的终浓度分别为:DL-甘油醛10 mmol/L,NADPH0.15 mmol/L,缓冲液PBS的pH=6.2,120 mmol/L,醛糖还原酶提取物100μl,反应温度37℃,反应时间3 min。IR50槲皮素相似文献   

知母等40种中药对猪晶体醛糖还原酶的抑制作用

醛糖还原酶（ＡＲ）在糖性白内障和其它糖尿病并发症的发病中起着关键性的作用。为从大量中草药及其化学成份中筛选有效低毒的醛糖还原酶抑制剂（ＡＲＩ），建立了猪晶状体ＡＲ的测定方法，其研究了知母等４０种中药水提取液对ＡＲ的抑制作用。发现知母对ＡＲ有较强的抑制作用，其ＩＣ５０为１９ｍｇ／Ｌ。     

中药水提取液对荧光法测定醛糖还原酶活性的干扰

目的：探讨中药水提液采用荧光法检测醛糖还原酶抑制作用的可行性，方法：激发光367nm，发射光410－470nm范围内扫描13种中药水提物荧光强度。结果：所观察13种中药含有较强的荧光物质，干扰体外酶反应荧光测定法检测醛糖还原活性的方法，结论：若水提液不适于采用此种筛选方法，可考察有机溶剂是否有干扰以确定实验条件或选择其它筛选方法。     

适用于中药醛糖还原酶抑制剂高通量筛选的细胞模型的建立

目的：建立一种适合中药醛糖还原酶抑制剂高通量筛选的细胞模型,以避免中药对传统离体筛选方法的干扰。方法：以视网膜周细胞、肾小球系膜细胞为研究对象,确定最佳孵育条件,并建立酶促微量反应法测定山梨醇含量,两者联动,建立细胞模型。结果：细胞孵育体系的最佳反应条件为30mmol·L^-1葡萄糖孵育4h;酶促微量反应测定山梨醇含量的精密度、重现性良好,山梨醇浓度变化与荧光强度变化呈线性正相关,山梨醇浓度在6.25×10^-6～2.5×10^-4mol·L^-1范围内线性关系良好。结论：该细胞模型能够排除中药对酶法测定醛糖还原酶活性的干扰,模拟体内的反应情况,使应用该模型进行的醛糖还原酶抑制剂筛选更具针对性,并适用于中药醛糖还原酶抑制剂的高通量筛选。     

糖心舒合剂对糖尿病大鼠醛糖还原酶的影响

目的:观察糖心舒合剂对糖尿病大鼠醛糖还原酶的影响。方法:糖尿病模型大鼠随机分为模型对照组,糖脉康组,糖心舒高、低剂量组,治疗2月,观察其血糖、晶体醛糖还原酶的变化。结果:造模后各组醛糖还原酶活性明显高于正常对照组。治疗后糖心舒高剂量组醛糖还原酶活性与模型对照组、糖脉康对照组相比有明显降低。结论:糖心舒合剂能够明显降低糖尿病大鼠的醛糖还原酶活性。     

高血糖对人红细胞醛糖还原酶活性的影响

目的研究高浓度葡萄糖对人红细胞醛糖还原酶（ａｌｄｏｓｅｒｅｄｕｃｔａｓｅ，ＡＲ）活性的影响。方法利用ＤＥＡＥ－纤维素（ＤＥ－５２）柱层析法，将正常人、糖尿病患者及体外高浓度葡萄糖孵育的红细胞醛糖还原酶部分纯化，测定其活性，并对其性质作进一步分析。结果①高浓度葡萄糖孵育的红细胞醛糖还原酶Ｋｍ值下降约６～７倍；②糖尿病红细胞醛糖还原酶活性明显高于正常人，酶活性升高程度与血糖值正相关；③高糖时醛糖还原酶不仅对多种底物的Ｋｍ值（包括葡萄糖）显著下降，而且对醛糖还原酶抑制剂（ａｌｄｏｓｅｒｅｄｕｃｔａｓｅｉｎｈｉｂｉｔｏｒｓ，ＡＲＩｓ）的抑制不敏感。结论①高血糖时ＡＲＩｓ的用量需加大，才能取得满意的疗效；②（ＤＥ－５２）柱层析法测定红细胞ＡＲ活性准确、方便，可以作为判断糖尿病慢性并发症病情及评估醛糖还原酶抑制剂疗效的一项重要指标     

一氧化氮对腹膜间皮细胞醛糖还原酶活性的影响

目的通过观察一氧化氮对腹膜间皮细胞醛糖还原酶（AR）活性的影响，探讨一氧化氮对腹膜间皮细胞醛糖还原酶的调节作用。方法采用人的网膜作为细胞来源，胰蛋白酶-EDTA消化法进行人腹膜间皮细胞（HPMC）的分离、培养，间接免疫荧光法对第二代细胞进行鉴定。第2-3代细胞用于实验。以硝普纳为一氧化氮供体，硝普纳（0．5mmol／L、1mmol／L、2mmol／L）＋1．5％葡萄糖培养液为实验组，以无一氧化氮1．5％葡萄糖培养液为对照组，观察剂量及时间对腹膜间皮细胞醛糖还原酶活性的影响。应用紫外分光光度计记录NADPH在340nm处吸光值的下降表示醛糖还原酶活性。结果高糖状态下各浓度一氧化氮组醛糖还原酶活性均高于对照组，且醛糖还原酶活性随一氧化氮浓度的增加而增加；一氧化氮＋葡萄糖组醛糖还原酶活性随着时间的延长而逐渐增加。各时点一氧化氮＋葡萄糖组醛糖还原酶活性均高于葡萄糖组。结论一氧化氮以时间及剂量依赖的方式使腹膜间皮细胞醛糖还原酶活性增加。     

青风藤等17味苗药不同提取部位对醛糖还原酶的抑制作用

目的：筛选青风藤等39味苗药对醛糖还原酶（AR）的抑制强度,为探索其疗效机制和寻找天然醛糖还原酶抑制剂（ARIs）奠定一定基础。方法：从牛晶状体中分离纯化AR,常规方法制备青风藤等39味苗药的石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇和水4个提取部位,采用分光光度法测定各药物不同提取部位对AR的抑制作用。结果：本实验筛选的39味苗药中,有17味药物一定提取部位具有不同程度的AR抑制作用。结论：青风藤等苗药提取部位中含有AR抑制成分,这可能是其临床单独或配伍治疗糖尿病及其后遗症的重要机制。     

4种药物对醛糖还原酶的抑制作用

筛选有效的醛糖还原酶抑制剂，用于糖尿病慢性并发症的防治。应用体外酶动力学抑制实验，观察了4种药物对牛睾丸纯化醛糖还原酶的抑制作用，双倒数作图法（Lineweaver－Burkplots）确定抑制类型，Dixon和Cor-nish－Bowden作图法求取药物对酶的抑制常数。结果：索比尼尔为非竞争性抑制剂，托瑞斯他为反竞争性抑制剂，黄岑甙、黄连素为混合性抑制剂，抑制常数（Ki）分别为：1.08μmol/L，0.12μmol/L，5．0μg／ml和2.7μg／ml结论：本实验方法简便有效，可用于醛糖还原酶抑制剂的初步筛选。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.