黄瓜保鲜技术研究及应用

目的：延长黄瓜在南海海区常温条件下的贮藏期,解决执行长航任务的舰艇部队吃鲜菜难问题。方法：在南海常温条件下（26-37℃）应用该所研制的HY-1型和HY-2型保鲜剂、保鲜箱对黄瓜进行保鲜贮藏。结果：经实验室和南海海区多次实验证实,经保鲜处理的黄瓜可延长贮藏期8-10d,腐烂率控制在10%以下,结论：该技术能延长黄瓜的贮藏期,可推广应用。     

温度和包装对聚维酮碘片剂稳定性的影响

目的:研究温度和包装对自制聚维酮碘稳定性的影响.方法:将每片自制的聚维酮碘片剂称重后按两种方式包装后置于25 ℃和30 ℃恒温箱中(相对湿度75%),分别于0、30、60、90、120、150、180 d 时取样测其质量及有效碘的含量,每样设2个重复.包装采取两种方法,包装方式Ⅰ:片剂裸露装入白色塑料瓶中;包装方式Ⅱ:用锡箔纸在封口机上将聚维酮碘片剂先封口包装,并抽真空,尔后再装入白色塑料瓶中.有效碘含量按ZD-2型自动电位滴定仪使用说明书的方法进行测定.结果:两种温度两种包装方式下的自制聚维酮碘的质量及有效碘的含量均随着时间的推移在下降.同一温度下两种包装方式相比较,包装方式Ⅱ片剂质量及有效碘含量下降均较方式Ⅰ为慢(P<0.01);而同一包装方式下两种温度相比较,25 ℃下贮藏时片剂质量及有效碘含量下降均较30 ℃下为慢(P<0.01).结论:25 ℃下采取包装方式Ⅱ时,自制聚维酮碘片剂的质量及有效碘含量下降较慢,贮藏期较长.     

黄芩小包装饮片的包装贮藏养护研究

本文对黄芩饮片主要有效成分及其化学性质进行分析,参考苦杏仁、党参等小包装饮片的包装贮藏养护方法,制定黄芩小包装饮片的包装贮藏养护方法,包装材料为聚乙烯塑料膜,包装方式为抽真空密封包装、贮藏条件为阴凉干燥20℃,黄芩小包装饮片的包装贮藏养护方法可以保证饮片的质量与临床治疗效果。     

中药饮片防霉变效果观察

中药饮片在贮藏中发生霉变的现象较为普遍 ,尤其在基层医院更为突出。如何利用现有条件和设备贮藏中药饮片 ,防止中药饮片发生霉变 ,作者就 4种不同贮藏方法进行了初步观察 ,现将结果报告如下。1　材料与方法将易发生霉变的党参、黄芪、桔梗、肉苁蓉 4味药干燥饮片各取 2 0 0ｇ ,采用 4种不同贮藏方法进行防霉变对比。每味饮片平均分成 4份 ,分别用塑料袋、坛子、木箱、露放贮藏 ,室温 2 5℃左右 ,每日观察一次 ,并记录观察结果。只要发现中药饮片有霉点开始滋生 ,即可认为饮片发生霉变 ,记录下从贮藏到发生霉变的天数。2　结　果　　见表 1…     

加速试验法研究黄芩药材的贮藏稳定性

目的：采用加速试验法研究黄芩药材的贮藏稳定性。方法：黄芩药材置于湿度为70%、温度为37℃的恒温箱内,分别于0、1、2、个月取样,以红外光谱法和高效液相色谱法分析黄芩药材的整体变化和局部变化。结果：加速试验条件下,红外光谱法显示在贮藏期内黄芩中有效成分黄酮类已酸变为其它成分,糖（苷）类物质的含量减少;高效液相色谱法显示,在贮藏期内黄芩苷和汉黄芩苷的含量明显下降,黄芩素和汉黄芩素的含量先增加后减少。结论：黄芩药材的质量在贮藏期内发生明显变化,提示应有效控制黄芩药材的贮藏期。     

动物类中药材稳定性研究中适宜条件的选择-以水蛭、地龙为例

[目的]对水蛭、地龙进行稳定性试验,考察其在设定条件下出现的质量波动和变化情况,为合理评估动物类中药材的贮藏条件提供参考,为该类药材选择适宜条件开展稳定性研究提供重要实验依据。[方法]参照稳定性指导原则,对不同批次的水蛭、地龙进行影响因素试验、(30±2)℃、相对湿度(RH)为(65±5)%条件下的加速试验,及低温条件(6±2)℃、低湿条件[(25±2)℃,RH(40±5)%]下9个月的长期试验,测定相应检查项目。[结果]在影响因素、加速、长期试验中,三批水蛭、地龙药材检查项目均符合质量标准要求。[结论]水蛭、地龙可以采用在[(30±2)℃,RH(65±5)%]的加速试验条件以及低温条件[(6±2)℃]、低湿条件[(25±2)℃,RH(40±5)%]的长期试验条件下开展稳定性试验,也可作为其他动物类中药材相关质量研究和稳定性研究的重要参考。     

碘酚溶液的稳定性研究

目的　观察不同储存条件下 ,碘酚溶液中的碘含量变化。方法　将碘酚溶液分装于密闭包装和塑料瓶中 ,在 (2± 1)℃、(14± 1)℃、(2 6± 1)℃条件下留样 7d和 1个月 ,观察碘酚溶液中碘的含量变化。结果　留样时间均为 7d :密闭储存 ,留样温度 (2 6± 1)℃时 ,碘含量下降 14 .8% ;密闭储存 ,留样温度 (14± 1)℃时 ,碘含量下降 4 .5 % ;密闭储存 ,留样温度 (2± 1)℃时 ,碘含量下降 3.4 0 % ;分装于塑料瓶 ,留样温度 (14± 1)℃时 ,碘含量下降 11.5 %。留样时间均为 1个月 :留样温度为 (14± 1)℃、(2 6± 1)℃ ,密闭包装和塑料瓶中储存 ,碘含量均下降 10 %以上 ;留样温度为 (2± 1)℃ ,密闭包装储存 ,碘含量下降 4 .5 5 %。结论　碘酚中的碘在较高温度和不密闭的条件下均易挥发 ,应低温密闭储存。     

解冻后不同时间对鼠胎肝和胎脑细胞活度的影响

目的:探讨不同冻存和解冻条件下对wastar大鼠胎肝细胞和胎脑细胞活度的影响。方法:将两种细胞分别存放在4℃和- 2 0℃、4℃解冻条件下,比较两种细胞的活度情况。结果:实验表明细胞保存在4℃条件下2 4小时内使用可保证细胞活度,而保存在- 2 0℃、4℃解冻后,随保存时间延长,细胞活度大幅下降。结论:两种细胞在- 2 0℃冻存、4℃解冻后细胞活度下降,因而无临床应用价值。     

头孢曲松钠输液稳定性影响因素研究

目的 :了解影响头孢曲松钠 (CS)在静脉输液中稳定性的因素 ,以提高药效。方法 :观察CS在不同液体、保存时间、温度下的药物稳定性。结果 :CS在 2 0℃时 ,在 0 9%氯化钠注射液中稳定性最好 ;常用输液液体中 ,5℃条件下 ,2 4h内稳定性 >97% ,5～35℃条件下 ,6h内稳定性也 >90 %。结论 :室温 (2 0℃ )下 ,CS应即配即滴 ,并在 6h内滴完 ,输液配伍以选择 0 9%氯化钠注射液为最佳     

中药虎杖贮藏养护的初步研究

目的:研究30个月内不同贮藏条件下中药虎杖的外观质量、水分、浸出物含量的变化情况.方法:以养护前处理、包装材料、对抗剂、贮藏温度为考察因素,设计4因素3水平9组正交试验,以药材外观质量,水分(或干燥失重)、浸出物作为考察指标,采用正交统计方法分析整理试验结果,初步筛选虎杖的最佳贮藏养护方法.结果:随着虎杖贮藏时间的延长...     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.