自体髂骨板移植修复创伤性尺骨滑车骨缺损11例

目的寻求治疗创伤性尺骨滑车缺损的有效方法。方法11例创伤性尺骨滑车缺损，经自体髂骨板移植修复，双克氏针交叉钢丝张力带内固定，术后不用石膏托外固定。结果术后3～4个月经X线片复查，肘关节功能活动良好，髂骨板与尺骨滑车骨成活，尺骨滑车无骨桥、骨化性肌炎形成，内固定无滑脱。随访1～2年植入髂骨块骨无坏死。结论自体髂骨板移植为治疗创伤性尺骨滑车骨缺损提供一种新的可行有效的方法。     

一期植骨加内固定治疗手部开放性骨缺损

目的探讨应用一期植骨加内固定治疗手部开放性骨缺损的手术疗效。方法2000-2003年治疗手部开放性骨缺损12例；急诊采用彻底清创，自体髂骨植骨加钢板或克氏针内固定术治疗。其中7例因伴有皮肤软组织缺损同时行皮瓣移植术。结果11例创面I期愈合，其中6例皮瓣完全存活；1例皮瓣远端部分坏死，钢板外露，经皮瓣提升覆盖创面处理后愈合。术后随访1-3年，骨折愈合时间为2-6个月，平均3.5个月。手功能按TAM评定，优良率达82%。结论一期植骨加骨固定治疗手部开放性骨缺损能缩短病程，防止指体短缩，有利于手功能的恢复，彻底清创和良好的创面覆盖是手术成功的关键。     

切开复位内固定治疗跟骨粉碎性骨折

目的 观察切开复位内固定治疗严重粉碎性跟骨骨折的疗效.方法 对4l例(44足)累及跟距关节的粉碎性跟骨骨折行切开复位跟骨解剖钢板或克氏针内固定,必要时自体髂骨植入治疗.采用Palmer外侧入路,保持跟骨高度,恢复B0hler角和Gissane角,使距下关节面平整.36足采用跟骨解剖钢板压迫于跟骨外侧面.用松质骨螺钉内固定.8例用交叉克氏针从跟骨后面进针固定骨折块.结果 41例随访时间9～27个月,平均21个月.根据Maryland评分标准:优26足,良13足,可5足.结论 切开复位内固定治疗严重粉碎性跟骨骨折,能减少骨折的并发症.     

骨膜移植修复骨缺损的实验研究及临床应用

为探寻大块骨缺损修复方法的新途径，进行了自体骨膜游离移植修复骨缺损的实验及临床研究。实验用４２只兔，于双侧胫骨作人工骨缺损模型（６ｍｍ×１８ｍｍ×５ｍｍ）。一侧随机植入自体游离骨膜片，另一侧不植入，作为对照。以组织学、Ｘ线和放射性同位素为观察指标，研究成骨过程。结果表明，骨膜植入侧骨缺损的愈合比对照侧缺损的愈合快一倍。原因可能是骨膜提供了大量成骨细胞并直接呈膜内成骨而非软骨内化骨。在此基础上，为２１例骨缺损患者应用自体胫骨骨膜片植入治疗骨缺损，面积最大１０．５ｃｍ×４ｃｍ×４ｃｍ，最小２ｃｍ×２ｃｍ×２ｃｍ；其中１７例为良性骨肿瘤，４例为骨慢性感染。骨缺损均得到修复，关节功能恢复满意。为腔洞性骨缺损的修复提供了一种新方法。     

3种手术方法融合手指近侧指间关节的疗效比较

目的探讨应用交叉克氏针法、交叉克氏针加张力带法、微型钢板螺钉等3种手术方法对手指近侧指间关节融合的疗效分析比较。方法应用交叉克氏针固定、交叉克氏针加张力带固定、微型钢板螺钉固定等融合63例（73指）手指近指间关节。结果63例获得5～20个月的随访,按TAM功能评分标准评定疗效,克氏针固定组、克氏针张力带固定组、微型钢板螺钉组优良率分别62．50％、86．96％、88．89％。前者分别与后2组比较,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,后2组组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论从术后指间关节骨愈合时间、关节融合失败、创口感染率及手部功能等比较,交叉克氏针加张力带法、微型钢板螺钉固定组无差异,但均优于交叉克氏针固定组。     

骨肿瘤

20060475儿童长骨骨巨细胞瘤诊断及外科治疗，20060476皮质外骨桥固定特制假体置换治疗肢体骨肿瘤，20060477应用携带监测皮岛的腓骨移植重建股骨上段肿瘤术后骨缺损，20060478经皮椎体成形术治疗椎体恶性肿瘤（附23例报告）,20060479人工关节异体骨复合移植修复骨肿瘤切除后的骨与关节缺损.[编者按]     

近侧趾间关节移植重建近侧指间关节内固定方法的生物力学研究

目的比较近侧趾间关节移植重建近侧指间关节4种内固定的生物力学性能，为临床选择内固定提供依据。方法取48对指、趾尸体标本，随机分成4组，分别用交叉克氏针、十字钢丝加单枚斜形克氏针、微型钢板背侧和微型钢板侧方固定，制成近侧趾间关节移植重建近侧指间关节标本，测量模拟活动后内固定的生物力学性能。结果微型钢板背侧固定和十字钢丝加单枚克氏针斜形固定2种固定方法具有较好的稳定性，微型钢板固定和交叉克氏针固定2种固定方法稳定较差。结论十字钢丝加单枚克氏针斜形固定操作简单、软组织剥离少、有较强的稳定性，是较好的固定方法，适合早期功能锻炼。     

原发性股骨近端溶骨性骨缺失的修复重建

目的总结和分析股骨近端原发性溶骨性骨缺损的手术修复方法。方法自1997～2003年我科共收治股骨近端原发性溶骨性骨缺损36例。根据肿瘤的性质及大小分别采用病灶刮除 自体(异体)皮松质骨植入8例；病灶刮除 自体(异体)皮松质骨 自体缝匠肌髂骨瓣复合植入 内固定术22例；病灶刮除 骨水泥填充 内固定5例；瘤段切除 人工双动股骨头置换1例。结果术后随访12～54个月，平均24个月，仅1例骨巨细胞瘤复发，关节功能评分33例优，3例良。结论根据肿瘤的性质和股骨近端骨缺损大小采取不同手术方式进行了病灶清除及功能重建，是一套有效的重建股骨近端骨缺损的方案。     

应用人工骨一期植骨治疗开放性掌骨缺损的疗效分析

目的 探讨应用Osteoset人工骨一期植骨治疗开放性掌骨缺损的临床效果.方法 符合入选标准的开放性掌骨缺损13例,急诊手术行彻底清创、AO微型钛板或克氏针内固定联合Osteoset人工骨一期植骨进行治疗,伴有皮肤软组织缺损的患者同时行皮瓣移植修复.结果 所有患者创面均一期愈合,皮瓣移植均完全存活,术后随访6～16个月,平均11.6个月.所有骨缺损术后均愈合,愈合时间2～3个月,平均2.4个月.按中华医学会手外科学会手部功能评定标准,优良率达92％.结论 应用Osteoset人工骨一期植骨加内固定治疗开放性掌骨缺损,能有效缩短病程,减少并发症,有利于术后功能尽早恢复,早期彻底清创和良好的创面覆盖是手术成功的关键.     

腕舟骨骨折的临床诊断和治疗

目的研究降低腕舟骨骨折临床误诊率和晚期骨不连发生率的有效措施，并筛选规范的治疗方法。方法对５９例舟骨骨折采用Ｘ线片、ＣＴ、３ＤＣＴ和ＭＲＩ等手段进行早、晚期诊断。采用并比较保守治疗、克氏针交叉固定、游离植骨加克氏针固定、骨间前动脉背侧支为血管蒂的逆行桡骨瓣植入、加压螺栓内固定或加楔形植骨术、舟骨近端坏死骨片切除加掌长肌腱球植入、近排腕骨切除术和桡腕关节融合术等８种治疗方法的疗效和适应证。结果临床确诊率为１００％。保守治疗８例中４例未愈而改用手术治疗。手术治疗５５例全部骨性愈合，但４例遗有舟骨短缩和背凸畸形。结论采用四种体位摄影并作两侧对比的Ｘ线片，确诊率不低于９５％。ＣＴ、ＭＲＩ是对早、晚期诊断有决定意义的检查方法。加压螺栓内固定对腕舟骨早、晚期骨折及背凸畸形的疗效优于其它方法。     

抗感染重组合异种骨对犬污染性桡骨缺损的一期植骨修复作用

目的探讨抗感染重组合异种骨(anti-infective reconstituted bone xenograft,ARBX)对犬污染性桡骨缺损的一期植骨修复的效果. 方法在重组合异种骨(reconstituted bone xenograft,RBX)基础上,结合抗生素局部缓释技术,制备具有较强抗感染能力和较高成骨作用的ARBX.取成年杂种犬8只,于双侧桡骨中上段制成15 mm节段性骨缺损,在缺损处注入5×106 CFU/ml金黄色葡萄球菌1 ml,静置15分钟后,于双侧缺损区分别植入ARBX、RBX,并用钢板固定.术后6个月对存活的6只犬进行取材,通过解剖学、X线片、组织学及细菌学检查,比较ARBX和RBX一期植骨修复犬污染性桡骨缺损的效果. 结果术后6个月,ARBX侧有5只完全修复,1只中央部3 mm缺损未修复,均无骨髓炎表现,标本细菌培养均为阴性.RBX侧有1只部分修复,5只未能修复,残留8～13 mm缺损,均有明显骨髓炎表现,标本细菌培养均为阳性. 结论 ARBX具有较高成骨活性和较强的抗菌能力,能够一期植骨修复细菌污染性骨缺损.     

Treatment of nonunion of fractures in the epiphyseal-metaphyseal region of long bones

Twenty-four consecutive patients with fracture nonunion in the metaphyseal-epiphyseal areas of long bones were surgically treated. Average time from injury to treatment of the nonunion was 10 months, and average follow-up time after surgical treatment was 29 months. Eight patients with infected nonunions had initial debridement procedures; three of these patients then had placement of external fixators and bone grafting. The remaining five patients and 13 others were then treated by open reduction and internal fixation alone or with the addition of autogenous cancellous bone grafting. Single or double plates and screws were used. Arthrolysis, joint manipulation, and intensive postsurgical exercises were considered necessary to regain joint function. One patient underwent a hemiarthroplasty, and two others underwent arthrodesis as the initial nonunion treatment. Twenty of the 21 patients not treated by arthrodesis or arthroplasty healed their fractures in an average time of 7 months. Fifty-two percent of the patients achieved good or excellent range of motion (ROM) of the contiguous joint, with 70% of the patients reporting no pain in this joint. These fractures have excellent intrinsic healing capability because they occur in anatomical regions with a normally abundant circulation. We recommend stable fixation, with the need for bone grafting only in defect nonunions, together with intra- and postoperative joint mobilization to obtain a satisfactory functional end result.     

Treatment of malreduced pilon fracture: A case report and the result in the long-term follow-up

IntroductionThe risk for post-traumatic osteoarthritis (POA) following tibial plafond joint trauma has been reported to be as high as 70–75%. In the treatment of more severe joint pathologies, with incongruity and intra-articular defects, internal or external fixations techniques may be required.Presentation of caseWe report the orthopedic management of a pilon fracture in a 30-year-old male with malunion and implant failure after initial mal-reduction of the fracture 9-months earlier. Tricortical iliac crest autologous bone grafting (TCG) was used in combination with internal fixation to restore distal tibial articular. The procedure resulted in a pain free ankle, sufficient range of motion for function and patient satisfaction.DiscussionEarly surgical intervention and anatomical reduction with appropriate fixation are recommended for intra-articular tibial pilon fractures. Autogenous bone grafting is a reliable treatment option to augment structural stability, bone defects and bone-healing. Indications for bone grafting include delayed union or nonunion, malunion, arthrodesis, limb salvage, and reconstruction of bone voids or defects. The application of TCG in the management of a malreduced tibial plafond fracture has not been described before.ConclusionWe performed TCG with internal fixation in order to restore stability, congruency and alignment in a young patient in whom a biological restoration was feasible due to good bone quality. In suitable cases, TCG might provide an alternative to arthrodesis or arthroplasty.     

Internal fixation and bone grafting for intraarticular nonunion of tibial plateau: a report of four cases

Intraarticular nonunion of tibial plateau is rare.In the literature,only 9 patients were found to be treated for intraarticular tibial plateau nonunion and they got varying results.Internal fixation along with bone grafting was done as a standard treatment in all cases.We treated 4 different profile cases of intraarticular tibial plateau nonunion in our institution by 4 different methods.We treated these cases with plaster of paris cast,internal fixation along with bone graft,arthrodesis with K-nail and total knee replacement.Case 1 was treated with plaster of paris (POP)cast as the patient refused surgery.The fracture was united and the patient was fully satisfied with full range of motion despite valgus malalignment.Case 2 was managed with open reduction internal fixation along with bone grafting.The patient had a good union and got full range of motion at the knee joint.Case 3 was treated with total knee arthroplasty due to her old age and got satisfactory result.Case 4 was an infected nonunion.Arthrodesis was done and the patient could walk with full weight bearing independently.We conclude that internal fixation along with bone grafting may not be suitable in all cases of intraarticular nonunion of tibial plateau.Causes of nonunion,present condition and range of motion of the knee joint,as well as the age of patient should be all considered and the treatment should be individualised according to each patient's situation.     

前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定植骨融合治疗寰枢关节不稳

目的探讨前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定植骨融合治疗寰枢关节不稳的手术方法及临床疗效。方法对23例寰枢关节不稳患者行前路寰枢关节螺钉内固定植骨融合治疗。结果所有患者术后无脊髓、椎动脉和食道损伤等并发症发生。23例获4～45个月随访(平均18.4个月),随访期间所有患者寰枢关节稳定性良好,21例寰枢关节螺钉位置满意,17例获得植骨融合。结论前路经寰枢关节螺钉内固定植骨融合术是治疗寰枢关节不稳的有效方法,能使寰枢关节即刻稳定性获得良好恢复,同时达到植骨融合的目的。     

大段异体骨移植后骨端不愈合的外科治疗

目的 探讨应用自体骨植骨再固定的方法治疗大段同种异体骨移植后骨端不愈合的手术方法和疗效.方法 1994年1月至2006年12月北京积水潭医院所行大段同种异体骨移植患者176例中41例不愈合,22例进行了骨接触端的重新植骨治疗,其中15例临床资料完整.再植骨治疗时年龄15～34岁,平均为24岁.初始疾病为:骨肉瘤5例、骨巨细胞瘤4例、皮质旁骨肉瘤2例、血管内皮瘤2例、骨原始神经外胚瘤(PNET)2例.发病部位:股骨下端7例、肱骨中段3例、股骨中段2例、胫骨上端2例、肱骨上端1例.15例患者中,8例单纯不愈合行植骨术,另7例不愈合并发原内固定断裂行植骨和再固定手术.结果 随访时间18～148个月,平均47个月.15例中13例骨愈合,占86.7%.愈合时间5～20个月,平均13个月.其中8例无原内固定失败者均重新愈合,愈合时间平均为14个月.另7例原内固定失败者5例重新愈合,愈合时间平均为12个月,与上述8例比较愈合时间相似.无感染等并发症发生.2例仍不愈合,最终行人工假体置换术.13例骨愈合的患者MSTS评分平均25.1分,8例无原内固定失败者25.4分,5例原内固定失败者24.6分,评分基本相同.结论 应用自体骨植骨再固定的方法治疗大段异体骨移植后骨端不愈合手术简单,并发症少,愈合率高,再手术后功能影响小,较人工假体置换相比有明显优势,对于大段异体骨移植后骨端不愈合患者,应为首选治疗方法.     

骨搬移联合皮瓣移植术在小腿医源性感染治疗中的应用

目的总结骨搬移联合皮瓣移植术修复胫骨骨折内固定术后医源性感染导致皮肤软组织及骨缺损的经验。方法自2009-06—2013-02诊治13例胫骨骨折内固定术后医源性感染而发生骨髓炎患者,皮肤软组织缺损采用游离皮瓣进行修复;骨缺损修复二期进行,均采用Ilizarov环形外固定架作为牵张和外固定支具。结果 13例均获得随访6~48个月,平均14个月。10例创面一期愈合,3例皮瓣部分坏死,再次行交腿皮瓣和局部皮瓣转移修复,1例成功,2例因感染迁延不愈而截肢。11例骨再生良好,6例骨端一期愈合,5例完成牵张过程后二次手术植骨愈合。结论 Ilizalov技术能很好地促进骨缺损后骨的再生,结合皮瓣移植术治疗医源性感染后发生的骨髓炎效果良好。     

Treatment of tibial defect and bone nonunion with limb shortening with external fixator and reconstituted bone xenograft

Objective: To explore the effect of external fixator and reconstituted bone xenograft (RBX) in the treatment of tibial bone defect, tibial bone nonunion and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with limb shortening. Methods : Twenty patients ( 13 males and 7 females)with tibial bone defect, tibial bone nonunion or congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia with limb shortening were treated with external fixation, Two kinds of external fixators were used: a half ring sulcated external fixator used in 13 patients and a combined external fixator in 7 patients.Foot-drop was corrected at the same time with external fixation in 4 patients. The shortened length of the tibia was in the range of 2-9 cm, with an average of 4.8 cm. For bone grafting, RBX was used in 12 patients, autogenous ilium was used in 3 patients and autogenous fibula was implanted as a bone plug into the medullary canal in 1 case,and no bone graft was used in 4 patients. Results: All the 20 patients were followed-up for 8 months to 7 years, averaging 51 months. Satisfactory function of the affected extremities was obtained. All the shortened extremities were lengthened to the expected length. For all the lengthening area and the fracture sites,bone union was obtained at the last. The average healing time of 12 patients treated with RBX was 4.8 months. Conclusions: Both the half ring sulcated external fixator and the combined external fixator have the advantages of small trauma, simple operation, elastic fixation without stress shielding and non-limitation from local soft tissue conditions, and there is satisfactory functional recovery of affected extremities in the treatment of tibial bone defects, tibial bone nonunion and congenital pseudarthrosis of the tibia combined with limb shortening.RBX has good biocompatibility and does not cause immunological rejections. It can also be safely used in treatment of bone nonunion and has reliable effect to promote bone healing.     

活骨移植治疗四肢骨肿瘤切除后长段骨与关节缺损

目的:探讨四肢骨肿瘤的广泛或边缘切除后,长段骨关节缺损的修复方法及其疗效。方法:四肢骨肿瘤切除术后骨缺损14例,男10例,女4例;年龄4~37岁。骨巨细胞瘤4例,骨化性纤维瘤1例,非骨化性纤维瘤2例,韧带样纤维瘤1例,骨纤维结构不良3例,侵袭性骨母细胞瘤1例,软骨母细胞瘤1例,瘤样病损致骨溶解1例。14例四肢侵袭性良性骨肿瘤行肿瘤广泛或边缘切除,应用吻合血管的腓骨、带腓骨头腓骨近端和带旋髂深血管的髂骨瓣移植修复骨缺损、重建桡腕关节和重建肩关节。移植体行简单内固定加外固定。术后定期复查X线片、多普勒血管超声,其中3例行ECT核素骨扫描,并作关节功能评定。结果:随访3个月~5年,13例均于手术后3个月后达Ⅰ期愈合,其中1例因内固定松动再次手术而愈合。1例肿瘤局部复发,再次行肿瘤切刮与植骨术后愈合;2例畸形愈合行截骨矫形后愈合。关节功能评定:优9例,良3例,差2例。结论:骨肿瘤切除后行骨移植修复骨缺损、重建关节,手术切除彻底,复发率低,植骨愈合可靠,重建后的关节功能良好。     

趾关节移植重建手指关节不同内固定方法的生物力学性能比较

研究足趾关节移植重建手指关节时常用的4种内固定方法,比较并选择最简便、可靠的1种方法。方法:新鲜手足标本各8只,制成以跖趾关节重建掌指关节模型。分别用微型钢板、克氏针、钢丝和可吸收内固定棒加U形钉作内固定。用模拟掌指关节运动的加载装置和三维运动测定法测定,比较4种内固定方法的力学性能。结果:可吸收内固定棒加U形钉与钢板固定两种方法对趾(指)骨两断端的成角、位移和扭转控制效果最好;钢丝固定次之;克氏针交叉固定相对较弱。结论:可吸收内固定棒加U形钉是跖趾关节移植重建掌指关节时,骨关节固定中最简便、可靠的方法,术后适宜于早期进行功能锻炼。