环索奈德纳米粒制备及其性质

目的:制备环索奈德固体脂质纳米粒胶体溶液,对其理化性质进行考察。方法:经方法考察,确定采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备环索奈德纳米粒胶体溶液。在载体材料种类及用量、表面活性剂种类及用量、水相用量等单因素考察基础上,对处方组成进行了响应面优化,确定了最佳处方组成和制备工艺。用高速冷冻离心法和紫外分光光度法测定了包封率、载药量,激光粒径仪测定了粒径、Zeta电位,扫描电镜观察了纳米粒形态,并考察了药物纳米粒胶体溶液的体外稳定性。结果:乳化-溶剂挥发法适合制备环索奈德纳米粒胶体溶液,载体材料组成、药物与载体材料质量比、表面活性剂用量对其粒径影响较大。最佳处方制备的纳米粒呈圆整球状,平均粒径为(96.6±18.4)nm,Zeta电位为(-12.7±2.2)mV,包封率为(94.3±1.4)%,载药量为(10.72±0.23)%,纳米粒溶液在室温条件下不够稳定。结论:研究中处方及制备工艺适合制备环索奈德纳米粒胶体溶液,相关理化性质检测方法可行。     

改良自乳化-溶剂扩散法制备甲基莲心碱纳米粒的研究

目的制备甲基莲心碱纳米粒(NEF-NP),并采用正交试验设计对甲基莲心碱纳米粒制备工艺进行优化。方法以包封率和载药量为评价指标,采用聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为载体,丙酮-无水乙醇为有机溶剂,通过正交设计优化改良自乳化-溶剂扩散法制备载NEF的PLGA载药纳米粒的处方工艺。结果优化的最佳处方工艺为:PLGA的浓度为20 mg.mL-1,NEF的投药量为3.3 mg,PVA浓度为1.0%,水相与有机相的体积比为8∶1。最佳条件下制得的纳米粒平均包封率达(70.35±1.16)%,载药量(2.33±1.08)%,平均粒径为(213.5±2.7)nm。结论最佳处方工艺制备的NEF-PLGA纳米粒具有较高的包封率、载药量和较小的粒径。     

N-琥珀酰壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及体外评价

目的制备N-琥珀酰壳聚糖纳米粒并对其进行体外评价。方法采用乳化溶剂挥发法制备N-琥珀酰壳聚糖纳米粒;以包封率、载药量及粒径为指标,采用正交设计法对处方进行优化;考察其理化特征及体外释药行为。结果纳米粒包封率及载药量分别为62.36%和18.98%,平均粒径及zeta电位分别为(206.6±64.7)nm和(-27.2±0.2)mV;1 h药物释放达到45%,随后药物的释药行为是一个缓释过程。结论作者采用乳化溶剂挥发法成功制得N-琥珀酰壳聚糖纳米粒。该方法制得纳米粒包封率较高,制备工艺简单。     

阿托伐他汀钙纳米粒的制备与质量评价

目的:制备阿托伐他汀钙纳米粒新剂型,对其性质进行研究,优选最佳工艺条件。方法:采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备阿托伐他汀钙纳米粒溶液,通过对处方优化,以载体材料用量(X₁)、有机溶剂用量(X₂)、表面活性剂用量(X₃)为自变量,利用Box Behnken设计响应面法以纳米粒粒径(Y)为响应值,优化了阿托伐他汀钙纳米粒的处方。用Malvern激光粒度分析仪测定了粒径分布和纳米粒的Zeta电位,扫描电镜分析了其形态,用高速冷冻离心法和紫外分光光度法测定了包封率和载药量。结果:采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备阿托伐他汀钙纳米粒溶液是适合的。响应面优化最优值为阿托伐他汀钙20 mg、卵磷脂178 mg、乙酸乙酯15 mL、聚山梨酯80774 mg,所制备的阿托伐他汀钙纳米粒呈类球形,其平均粒径(71.99±13.62) nm,Zeta电位为(-31.48±2.46) mV,包封率为(91.27±1.7)%,载药量(9.58±0.22)%。结论:采用乳化-溶剂挥发法制备阿托伐他汀钙纳米粒处方及工艺适合,相关性质检测方法可行。     

姜黄素PLGA纳米粒的制备及制剂学性质分析

目的制备姜黄素(Curcumin,Cur)聚乳酸羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米粒(Cur-PLGA-NPs)并对其理化性质进行考察。方法采用改良的自乳化溶剂挥发法制备纳米粒,通过正交设计,以粒径、包封率和载药量为评价指标优化处方工艺。结果制备Cur-PLGA-NPs的优化条件为PLGA 100 mg,泊洛沙姆188浓度1.0%,丙酮与乙醇体积比3∶1,有机相体积15 m L。按优化条件所制备的Cur-PLGA-NPs粒径为(120.33±2.44)nm,多分散系数为0.10±0.02,包封率为84.50%±1.13%,载药量为4.75%±0.22%。结论采用改良的自乳化溶剂挥发法成功制备了Cur-PLGA-NPs,为后续"纳米粒-脂质体系统"的研究奠定了基础,有望实现药物在肝脏的浓集。     

硫酸长春新碱固体脂质纳米粒的制备及其性质考察

目的以单硬脂酸甘油酯为载体材料,采用复乳溶剂挥发法制备硫酸长春新碱固体脂质纳米粒(VCR-SLN),并考察其理化性质。方法采用复乳溶剂挥发法制备VCR-SLN,以正交设计优化处方及制备工艺,并考察其形态、粒径、Zeta电位、包封率、载药量和体外释放。结果 VCR-SLN为类球形实体粒子,平均粒径为(144.83±2.71)nm,Zeta电位为(-24.77±0.513)mV,包封率为(40.54±0.45)%,载药量为(1.14±0.074)%。药物体外释放曲线符合Weibull方程。结论复乳溶剂挥发法适用于制备硫酸长春新碱固体脂质纳米粒。     

艾塞那肽聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物纳米粒的制备及其分析方法研究

目的以聚乳酸-羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)为载体,用乳化复乳法制备包载艾塞那肽(EX)的PLGA纳米粒(EX-PLGANPs),并对其分析方法进行研究。方法2018年10月至2019年8月,采用Box-Behnken Design(BBD)响应面分析法对纳米粒制备的处方工艺进行优化,动态光散射技术检测EX-PLGA NPs粒径和Zeta电位;通过高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定EX-PLGANPs中艾塞那肽含量并进行方法学验证。结果制备的EX-PLGA NPs粒径为(157.2±3.1)nm,Zeta电位为(¹19.5±2.6)mV;载药量和包封率分别为(4.41±0.28)%和(73.43±0.59)%,透射电镜图显示纳米粒外观圆整,分布均匀;EX-PLGA NPs体外稳定性良好,透析袋法释放结果显示其具有缓释效果。结论制备的EX-PLGA NPs粒径分布均一,包封率和载药量高,稳定性好,艾塞那肽含量分析方法科学有效,为艾塞那肽抗糖尿病口服缓释制剂的分析和开发提供了实验基础。     

抗癫疒间肽纳米粒的制备及体外释药性能的研究

目的制备抗癫疒间肽纳米粒,并研究其体外释药性能。方法选用聚乙二醇-聚乳酸-聚乙醇酸嵌段共聚物为载体,采用复乳-溶剂挥发法制备抗癫疒间肽纳米粒,以包封率、载药量等指标优化制备工艺,并研究纳米粒体外释药性能。结果抗癫疒间肽纳米粒外观呈圆形或类圆形,平均粒径为(100.2±2.45)nm,包封率和载药量分别为(64.46±1.34)%和(4.73±0.32)%,体外释药呈现缓释和突释两个阶段,符合Weibull方程。结论建立的制备工艺简便可行,得到的抗癫疒间肽纳米粒包封率和载药量较高,粒径小,体外释药具有明显的缓释特征。     

5-氟尿嘧啶纳米粒的制备及其体外释药的研究

目的以生物可降解材料乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)制备5-氟尿嘧啶(5-FU)纳米粒,并考察纳米粒的体外释放特性。方法采用复乳-溶剂挥发法结合高压均质法制备5-Fu-PLGA纳米粒,用透射电镜观察纳米粒的形态,并研究了5-Fu纳米粒的粒径、载药量、包封率和体外释药。结果5-FU-PLGA纳米粒为圆整的类球形实体粒子,平均粒径为85.4nm,载药量为12.4%±0.7%,包封率为64.1%±5.3%,体外释药符合H iguch i方程:Q=0.0585t1/2 0.087(r=0.9923)。结论所制5-FU纳米粒具有明显的缓释作用。     

盐酸维拉帕米PLGA纳米粒的成型工艺及制剂学性质研究

目的 优化影响盐酸维拉帕米乳酸/羟基乙酸共聚物(PLGA)纳米粒成型工艺的参数,并评价优化工艺后所制纳米粒的制剂学性质.方法 采用O/W超声乳化-溶剂挥发法制备盐酸维拉帕米PLGA纳米粒(VRP-PLGANP),以粒径、包封率和载药量为评价指标,采用单因素试验系统考察PLGA浓度、PLGA/VRP质量比、PVA浓度、有机相中丙酮浓度、外水相pH、内外相(O/W)体积比、探头超声时间、旋蒸时间共8个参数对纳米粒成型工艺的作用规律.结果 用优化处方工艺制备的纳米粒的包封率和载药量分别为65.78%±6.32%和22.75%±1.48%、平均粒径为150.4±6.9 nm、PDI=0.070±0.018(n=3),体外释放规律符合Weibull方程,具有一定的缓释特性.结论 所用方法可用于制备载两亲性药物的PLGA纳米粒.     

多西紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒的制备及体外评价

目的：制备多西紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒，考察白蛋白和多西紫杉醇的处方量及乙醇加入量等因素对其形态、粒径、Zeta电位、收率、包封率、载药量和体外释药特性的影响，并对处方工艺进行优化。方法：采用去溶剂化-化学交联法制备多西紫杉醇白蛋白纳米粒，透射电镜观察纳米粒形态，马尔文激光粒度仪测定其粒径分布及Zeta电位，考马斯亮兰-酶标仪法测定纳米粒收率，HPLC法测定纳米粒包封率和载药量；以累积释药百分率为指标，通过方程拟合释药曲线，考察制剂的体外释药特性。处方优化采用星点设计-效应面优化法，应用SAS统计软件对数据进行处理。结果：优化处方制得的纳米粒为类球形，平均粒径65．3nm，Zeta电位-31．4mV，纳米粒收率95．0％，包封率74．3％，载药量4．65％，制剂24小时体外累积释药百分率为74．4％。结论：难溶性抗癌药物多西紫杉醇可以采用去溶剂化-化学交联法制备成白蛋白纳米粒，其粒径小，稳定性高，可显著提高多西紫杉醇在水相中的浓度。其优化处方中药物的释放显著慢于原料药磷酸盐缓冲溶液的释放，具有缓释效果。     

Statistical analysis of low molecular mass heparin nanoencapsulation

The objective of this study was to use Box-Behnken design (BBD) to investigate the influence of formulation variables on the properties of heparin-loaded poly(lactic-coglycolic acid) (PLGA)-polymethacrylate-RLPO (E-RLPO) nanoparticles (NP) in terms of mean diameter (as size) and drug encapsulation efficiency. The NPs were prepared by the double emulsion solvent evaporation method. The independent variables were: X1 - polymer mass ratio (PLGA:E-RLPO) in the oil phase, X2 - concentration of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) as emulsion stabilizer, and X3 - volume of the external aqueous phase (W2). Particle size (analyzed by dynamic light scattering) and encapsulation efficiency (EE, estimated by spectrophotometry) were the investigated responses. The polynomial equation obtained from regression analysis of the reduced model (p = 0.0002, F = 25.7952 and R2 = 0.96) provided an excellent fit. The optimal size for the NP was found to be 134.2 ± 16.5 nm with formulation variables of 48.2:61.8, 0.321 (%,m/V) and 263 mL for X1, X2 and X3, respectively. Probably, due to electrostatic interaction between the negatively charged drug and the positively charged E-RLPO, the percent EE of heparin was between 74.4 ± 6.5 % (lowest value) and 92.1 ± 5.3 % (highest value). The data suggest that BBD is a useful tool in rational design of heparin-loaded NPs.     

载米托蒽醌PLA-PLL-RGD纳米粒的制备

采用乳化-溶剂蒸发法制备载盐酸米托蒽醌的聚乳酸-聚赖氨酸-精氨酰-甘氨酰-门冬氨酸纳米粒,以粒径和包封率为评价指标,用正交设计优化制备工艺.结果表明,照优化方案制备的纳米粒呈大小均匀的圆球形,平均粒径(186±2.37)nm,平均包封率(94.7±1.46)%,在pH 7.4磷酸盐缓冲液中192h累积释放量为61%.     

甘草酸表面修饰N-己酰化壳聚糖纳米粒的制备及其稳定性研究

目的:制备N-己酰化壳聚糖纳米粒(CCS-NPs)和甘草酸表面修饰N-己酰化壳聚糖纳米粒(CCS-NPs-GL),并考察其稳定性。方法:应用离子凝胶法制备CCS-NPs,高碘酸盐氧化法制备CCS-NPs-GL;考察各纳米粒在冷冻干燥前、后和不同pH缓冲盐中粒径、电位的变化以及不同温度对CCS-NPs-GL的粒径、药物包封率和甘草酸结合率的影响。结果:CCS-NPs和CCS-NPs-GL在冷冻干燥后粒径稍有增大,缓冲盐溶液中迅速分散,电位下降不明显;在生理pH条件下,两者易于分散且粒径无明显变化;不同温度下,CCS-NPs-GL的粒径、药物包封率和甘草酸结合率无明显变化。结论:CCS-NPs-GL作为潜在的肝靶向主动传输载体,其粒子的稳定性可满足后续静脉给药的体内靶向研究和药效学评价。     

阿昔洛韦/赖氨酸壳聚糖纳米粒的理化性质考察

目的：考察阿昔洛韦/赖氨酸壳聚糖纳米粒的理化性质。方法：利用激光粒度分析仪,透射电镜,扫描电镜;高效液相色谱仪等测定载药纳米粒的形态、粒径、包封率和载药量,并考察载药纳米粒的体外释放行为。结果：微球呈类圆形,具有明显的核壳;载药的粒子平均粒径大小为107.96nm;包封率为（61.24±0.68）%;载药量为（15.36±0.65）%;体外释放符合Higuchi模型。结论：阿昔洛韦/赖氨酸壳聚糖纳米粒理化性能具有良好的稳定性,符合实验设计要求。     

Hydrocortisone-loaded poly(ε-caprolactone) nanoparticles for atopic dermatitis treatment

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin condition that affects mostly young infants. The purpose of this research was to achieve a prolonged drug release and the reduction of side effects with hydrocortisone-loaded nanoparticles (NPs), for AD treatment. Poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) NPs were prepared by modified solvent displacement method and were characterized in terms of size, potential zeta, morphology, entrapment efficiency (EE), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectrometry and in vitro permeation studies using Franz cells. Toxicology of this nanosystem was also assessed. The obtained NPs EE showed an increased size and a more homogenous size distribution after loading and were negatively charged. EF was around 62%. In vitro release studies demonstrated a controlled release of drug from the NPs over time. FT-IR analysis showed the system stability for one week. Permeation studies revealed significant differences in the permeation of encapsulated and free hydrocortisone. In vitro toxicity studies showed no effect of drug toxicity after encapsulation. The study seems to indicate that encapsulation of hydrocortisone in PCL NPs could enable a faster control of the disease and a decrease in the side effects associated to the long-term application of corticosteroids.     

Construction of amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles based on hyperbranched poly (amine-ester) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine as drug carriers for cancer therapy

Novel amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles (HPAE-co-PLA-DPPE) composed of hyperbranched poly (amine-ester), polylactide and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (DPPE) segments were designed and synthesized that provided high encapsulation efficiency. These nanoparticles (NPs) were used to encapsulate an antitumor model drug, doxorubicin (DOX). The resulting NPs exhibited high encapsulation efficiency to DOX under an appropriate condition. In vitro release experiments revealed that the release of DOX from NPs was faster at pH 4.5 than that at pH 7.4 or pH 6.0. Confocal microscopy observation indicated that the DOX-loaded NPs can enter cells and localize in lysosomes that can be released quickly into the cytoplasm. The DOX-loaded NPs showed comparable anticancer efficacy with the free drug both in vivo and in vitro. These results demonstrate a feasible application of the hyperbranched copolymer, HPAE-co-PLA-DPPE, as a promising nanocarrier for intracellular delivery of antitumor drugs. FROM THE CLINICAL EDITOR: In this paper, the development of novel amphiphilic copolymer nanoparticles is discussed with the goal of establishing high encapsulation efficiency for chemotherapy drugs.     

乙酰半胱氨酸纳米粒的制备及在小鼠体内的分布

以壳聚糖为载体,溶剂扩散法制备乙酰半胱氨酸纳米粒,制得的纳米粒呈大小均匀的球形,平均粒径(163.0±12.8)nm,包封率(81.2+1.2)%,载药量(28.9+0.4)%。用HPLC法测定了小鼠单剂量尾静脉注射乙酰半胱氨酸纳米粒或其注射液后各脏器(心、肝、脾、肺和肾)和血浆中的药物浓度,并以相对摄取量和靶向效率评价纳米粒的靶向性。结果表明,纳米粒明显改变了药物在小鼠体内的生物分布。与注射液组相比,纳米粒组在肝组织中乙酰半胱氨酸浓度明显提高,血浆、心和肾组织中的药物浓度显著降低。