六味地黄丸对5/6肾切除大鼠残肾肾小球化生的影响

目的观察六味地黄丸对 5 6肾切除大鼠残肾肾小球化生的作用。方法采用 5 6肾切除大鼠模型及细胞立体形态学技术 ,观察大鼠残肾肾小球化生的动态变化。结果六味地黄丸能促进 5 6肾切除大鼠残肾肾小球化生 ,和模型组相比差异具有显著性意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。结论六味地黄丸具有促进 5 6肾切除大鼠残肾肾小球化生的作用。     

怡肾汤对大鼠5/6肾切除术后残肾肾功能及组织形态学的影响

目的研究怡肾汤对5/6肾切除大鼠肾功能、残肾组织形态的影响。方法将72只SD大鼠随机分成正常对照组(n=8)、模型组(n=32)及怡肾汤治疗组(n=32),各组内再随机分为8周、7周、6周、5周4组。模型组和治疗组大鼠行5/6肾切除术。术后1d即给于模型组大鼠予生理盐水灌胃,怡肾汤治疗组予以大鼠怡肾汤灌胃[0.3g/(100g·d)],每天1次,于术后第5、6、7、8周4个时间点分别分批处死大鼠;正常组予以自由饮食、饮水,于喂养5周、6周、7周、8周时分批处死。用PAS染色观察大鼠残肾肾组织形态学改变,并检测血清尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(Cr)水平。结果细胞形态学观察示:模型组中肾小球内细胞数目增多明显,基质增多,有新月体形成。系膜区增宽染色深,毛细血管开放不良甚至闭塞,肾小囊囊壁增厚。治疗组细胞增生明显轻于模型组,毛细血管开放较好,肾小管结构基本正常。血液生化检查表明血清BUN、Cr明显上升,但治疗组升高程度不如模型组。结论怡肾汤可减轻肾组织中炎性细胞浸润和细胞增生,达到延缓肾小球硬化进程和肾功能恶化的速度。     

六味地黄汤对5/6肾切除大鼠MMP-2、TIMP-2表达的影响

目的观察六味地黄汤对5/6肾切除大鼠残肾基质金属蛋白酶-2(MMP-2)及其组织型抑制物基质金属蛋白酶抑制因子-2(TIMP-2)表达的影响,探讨六味地黄汤保护肾功能,延缓肾损害的作用机制。方法按照随机数字表法将72只SD雄性大鼠分为5组:正常组、假手术组、模型组、依那普利组、六味地黄汤组。模型组、依那普利组、六味地黄汤组采用5/6肾切除术诱导大鼠肾衰模型,假手术组同期手术,但不损伤肾脏。造模术后3 d,对大鼠进行灌胃干预,灌胃第8周后处死大鼠,观察残肾组织形态学变化并用免疫组织化学分析法检测大鼠肾脏MMP-2,TIMP-2的表达情况。结果 (1)通过大鼠生物形态学观察、5/6肾切除大鼠残肾组织细胞形态学的改变,与模型组相比,使用六味地黄汤、依那普利灌胃可减轻大鼠肾间质损害及纤维化程度;(2)免疫组化半定量分析显示六味地黄汤组肾皮质的MMP-2表达高于模型组(P<0.05),TIMP-2表达弱于模型组(P<0.05)。结论六味地黄汤可能通过上调MMP-2的表达、下调TIMP-2的表达,促进细胞外基质成分降解,从而减少细胞外基质的积聚,减轻炎症反应和纤维化程度,达到防止肾间质纤维化、保护肾脏的作用。     

六味地黄丸对OLETF鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响

目的观察六味地黄丸对自发性2型糖尿病大鼠模型OLETF鼠胰岛素抵抗的影响。方法自发性2型糖尿病大鼠OLETF鼠40只,随机分为六味地黄丸干预组和对照组;LETO鼠10只作为正常对照组。干预组从8周龄起以六味地黄丸2.4mg/(kg.d)灌胃给药,其余两组以等量清水灌胃。定期OGTT试验,监测各组大鼠摄食及体重增长情况,每周称量大鼠体重和摄食量。于8,32和40周龄时分批宰杀大鼠。检测血浆胰岛素。结果对照组和干预组OLETF鼠摄食量显著高于LETO组(P<0.01)。对照组和干预组OLETF鼠体重从第6周开始显著高于LETO组(P<0.05)。干预组血浆胰岛素显著低于对照组(P<0.05),与LETO组相比差异无显著性(P<0.05)。结论六味地黄丸能够显著降低OLETF鼠血糖升高程度,延缓高血糖的出现;六味地黄丸能够显著降低血浆胰岛素。     

六味地黄丸对OLETF大鼠胰腺凋亡相关基因bcl-2和Bax表达的影响

目的:探讨六味地黄丸对自发性2型糖尿病大鼠胰腺组织凋亡相关基因bcl-2和Bax表达的影响.方法:OLETF大鼠(自发性2型糖尿病)40只,随机分为六味地黄丸治疗组和模型组,每组20只;另同系LETO大鼠(非糖尿病)10只作为正常对照组.六味地黄丸治疗组于大鼠8周龄起,用六味地黄丸按2.4 g·kg-1·d-1灌胃,余组用等量蒸馏水灌胃.每周记录大鼠体质量;采用口服葡萄糖耐量试验监测血糖;定期处死大鼠,分离胰腺并称重;采用逆转录-聚合酶链反应检测bcl-2和Bax在胰腺组织中的表达.结果:大鼠40周龄时,六味地黄丸治疗组bcl-2 mRNA的表达水平为(1.25±0.07),较模型组(1.01±0.16)明显增高(P<0.01);Bax mRNA的表达水平为(0.57±0.11),较模型组(1.18±0.28)有明显降低(P<0.01).六味地黄丸治疗组的胰腺/体重比,较模型组增高,但差异无统计学意义.六味地黄丸治疗组的糖负荷能力明显高于模型组(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论:六味地黄丸在转录水平可上调bcl-2 mRNA的表达,下调Bax mRNA的表达,可能具有抗细胞凋亡的作用.     

六味地黄汤对5/6肾切除大鼠NF-κB、MCP-1、Col-Ⅲ表达的影响

目的 观察六味地黄汤对5/6肾切除大鼠残肾转录因子-核因子κB (NF-κB)、单核细胞趋化因子(MCP-1)及Ⅲ型胶原(Col-Ⅲ)表达的影响,探讨六味地黄汤抑制肾间质纤维化进展的作用机制.方法 按照随机数字表法将60只SD雄性大鼠分为5组:空白组、假手术组、模型组、依那普利组、六味地黄汤组,每组12只,后三组行5/6肾切除术诱导大鼠肾衰模型,假手术组同期手术,但不损及肾脏.、造模术后3d进行灌胃干预.灌胃8周后处死各组大鼠,观察各组大鼠残肾组织形态学变化并用免疫组化法检测大鼠残肾NF-κB 、MCP-1 、Col-Ⅲ的表达.结果 (1)观察5/6肾切除大鼠残肾组织细胞形态学,与模型组相比六味地黄汤、依那普利组可减轻大鼠肾间质损害及纤维化程度;(2)免疫组化半定量分析显示六味地黄汤组肾皮质的NF-κB、MCP-1及Col-Ⅲ表达均明显低于模型组(P＜0.05),与依那普利组差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论 六味地黄汤可能通过下调NF-κB 、MCP-1及Col-Ⅲ的表达,减少细胞外基质的积聚,减轻炎症反应和纤维化程度,抑制5/6肾切除大鼠肾间质纤维化进展,可作为慢性肾衰竭的辅助用药、     

肾舒胶囊对5/6肾切除大鼠残余肾脏的保护作用及机制

目的　探讨肾舒胶囊对 5 / 6肾切除大鼠残余肾脏的保护作用及机制。方法　制作大鼠 5 / 6肾切除模型 ,1周后随机分为模型组、肾舒胶囊治疗组、苯那普利治疗组 ,同时作假手术对照。肾舒胶囊治疗组及苯那普利治疗组分别给予肾舒胶囊及苯那普利灌胃。术后 12周检测大鼠体重、血压、2 4h尿蛋白定量、肾功能 ,观察肾脏组织病理学改变 ,检测肾组织中血小板源性生长因子 (PDGF)、转化生长因子 β1(TGF β1)、Ⅳ型胶原 (Col Ⅳ )mRNA表达。结果　肾舒胶囊能显著降低 5 / 6肾切除大鼠 2 4h尿蛋白量 ,改善肾功能 ,抑制PDGF、TGF β1、Col ⅣmRNA表达的上调 ,肾脏组织病理显示它能明显抑制残余肾脏的代偿性肥大 ,减轻肾小球硬化及肾间质纤维化 ,其效果和苯那普利相当。结论　肾舒胶囊能延缓 5 / 6肾切除大鼠残余肾脏的病变进展。其作用机制与抑制系膜细胞增殖及细胞外基质积聚有关。     

缬沙坦及苯那普利对5/6肾切除大鼠血清瘦素水平及肾小球硬化的影响

目的:观察缬沙坦及苯那普利对5/6肾切除大鼠血清瘦素(leptin)水平及其肾小球硬化的影响,探讨其作用机制。方法:选用SD雄性大鼠30只,其中24只通过5/6肾切除法制造慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)模型,术后2周随机分为模型组、缬沙坦组及苯那普利组,另6只为假手术组。术后第6周末各组大鼠进行肾功能(Scr、BUN)及血清瘦素的测定;处死大鼠,取出肾脏进行病理组织形态学观察,测定肾小球硬化指数(GSI),采用免疫组织化学方法检测肾脏转化生长因子β_1(TGF-β_1)、Ⅳ型胶原(ColⅣ)及纤维连接蛋白(FN)表达。结果:模型组瘦素明显升高,与GSI、TGF-β_1、ColⅣ及FN呈正相关(r值分别为0.871、0.951、0.919、0.913)。与模型组相比,缬沙坦组及苯那普利组血清瘦素水平明显降低,肾功能及GSI明显改善,肾脏转化生长因子TGF-β_1、ColⅣ及FN表达减少(P<0.01)。结论:慢性肾衰存在高瘦素血症,阻断RAS可通过降低瘦素水平改善肾小球硬化。     

丹参对5/6肾切除大鼠肾组织转化生长因子β1表达的影响

目的 探讨中药丹参对慢性肾功能不全大鼠肾脏TGF-β1表达的影响.方法 以大鼠5/6肾切除作为慢性肾功能不全动物模型,术后一周随机分为未治疗组、丹参组、苯那普利组及假手术组.于手术后第12周处死大鼠,留取肾组织.用免疫组化法观察转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)在肾组织的表达,逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)检测肾组织TGF-β1 mRNA相对含量.结果 5/6肾切除大鼠于肾小管及肾小球均见TGF-β1染色阳性,与未治疗组相比,丹参组和苯那普利组大鼠染色较轻,半定量积分低,有显著性差异.RT-PCR结果显示5/6肾切除大鼠TGF-β1 mRNA水平显著高于假手术组,丹参组和苯那普利组TGF-β1 mRNA水平较未治疗组降低.结论 丹参抑制慢性肾功能不全大鼠TGF-β1的上调.     

六味地黄丸对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏保护作用的研究

目的探讨六味地黄丸对糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的保护作用及对NF-κBI、CAM-1表达的影响。方法将40只SD大鼠单次腹腔注射STZ(60 mg/kg)诱发试验性糖尿病肾病,随机分为糖尿病肾病组(D)、六味地黄丸高剂量组(HL)、六味地黄丸低剂量组(LL)以及胰岛素治疗组(I),另将14只鼠龄及体质量相等的SD大鼠作为正常对照组。药物干预24周后,称量体质量、左肾质量、24 h尿蛋白含量以及肾功能,取大鼠肾脏组织切片行HE染色并用免疫组织化学法检查NF-κBI、CAM-1表达。结果与正常组相比较糖尿病肾病大鼠NF-κBI、CAM-1蛋白表达、肾脏指数、24 h尿蛋白排泄量、肾功能值大幅度增高(P<0.01),六味地黄丸能显著抑制NF-κBI、CAM-1蛋白表达,减少尿蛋白排泄量以及降低肾功能各项指标(P<0.01)。结论六味地黄丸具有保护糖尿病肾病大鼠肾脏的作用,并与降低NF-κBI、CAM-1蛋白表达相关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.