那法瑞林长效制剂对大鼠垂体功能影响

 目的:观察国产那法瑞林(nafarelin )长效制剂的长效作用及对大鼠垂体功能影响，并探讨其作用部位。方法:采用大鼠间质细胞睾酮 (RICT)法检测血清LH(luteinizing hormone)生物活性水平。结果:那法瑞林长效制剂在体内的持续释药时间为((40.0±6.8)d。单次理植3周后大鼠血LH的周期性分泌高峰及激发高峰均消失。预先理植长效制剂组大鼠血LH在切除双侧卵巢后变化不明显。结论:那法瑞林长效制剂确有长效作用，其通过作用于垂体而抑制大鼠垂体功能。     

Antifertility effect of chronically administered Martynia annua root extract on male rats

The effects of 50% ethanol extract of Martynia annua L. root on reproduction was studied on male rats. The study was divided into four groups of five animals each. The first group (I) received vehicle alone to serve as control. The second, third and fourth groups (II, III and IV) of animals were administered the root extract daily at 50 mg/kg body weight, po, 100 mg/kg body weight, po, and 200 mg/kg body weight, po, respectively, for a period of 60 days. Significant decreases in the weights of testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and ventral prostate were observed. A dose related reduction in the testicular sperm count, epididymal sperm count and motility, number of fertile males, ratio between delivered and inseminated females and number of pups were observed. The testis showed a clear correlation between the dose and severity of lesions of seminiferous epithelium. In general, the seminiferous tubules appear reduced in size with a frequently filled eosinophilic material. Spermatogenesis arrested at the secondary spermatocyte stage. Pachytene spermatocytes were undergoing degeneration. Disorganisation and sloughing of immature germ cells were visible. Leydig cells were atrophied. No morphological changes were observed in Sertoli cells. Significant reduction in serum concentration of luteinising hormone and testosterone were observed. No distinct change in serum FSII concentration was recorded. The final body weights of all groups were elevated markedly. No alterations were recorded in any hematological parameters. It is concluded that the 50% ethanol extract of M. annua root produced dose related effects on male reproduction without altering general body metabolism.     

天蚕壮阳散对中老年男性雄激素部分缺乏综合征模型大鼠睾丸间质细胞stAR蛋白表达的影响

目的 观察天蚕壮阳散对中老年男性雄激素部分缺乏综合征（partial androgen deficiency of aging male,PADAM）模型大鼠睾丸间质细胞中类固醇合成快速调节蛋白（steroidogenic acute regulatory protein,stAR蛋白）表达的影响。     

Effects of piperine on testis of albino rats.

Piperine was administered to mature male albino rats at doses of 5 and 10 mg/kg body weight, p.o., respectively, for 30 days. Only a 10 mg dose of piperine treatment caused a significant reduction in the weights of testis and accessory sex organs. Histological studies revealed that piperine at a 5 mg dose caused partial degeneration of germ cell types, whereas at a 10 mg dose, it caused severe damage to the seminiferous tubule, decrease in seminiferous tubular and Leydig cell nuclear diameter and desquamation of spermatocytes and spermatids. Correlated to the structural changes, a fall in caput and cauda epididymal sperm concentrations was also evident. A 10 mg dose of piperine also caused a marked increase in serum gonadotropins and a decrease in intratesticular testosterone concentration, despite normal serum testosterone titres.     

十八味中药组方对雄性大鼠不育模型生殖激素及生殖器官药理作用研究

目的：观察十八味中药组方对不育大鼠模型内分泌及生殖器官作用的影响。方法：雷公藤多苷建立生殖系统损害大鼠模型,观察十八味中药组方对大鼠睾丸、附睾、精囊腺、前列腺等器官脏器系数及组织学影响及对血清黄体生成素、卵泡刺激素、睾酮、皮质醇等激素分泌的影响。结果：中药组方显著提高大鼠脏器系数及附睾腺壁管厚度,促进生殖激素及皮质醇分泌。结论：中药组方可以修复不育大鼠模型生殖系统损害。     

电针对醋酸氢化可的松模型大鼠生殖功能影响的实验研究

目的:观察电针对雄性醋酸氢化可的松模型大鼠生殖功能的影响.方法:将36例SD雄性大鼠随机分为3组,正常组(n=6)不予任何处理;模型组(n=15)制备大鼠氢化可的松模型后不予任何处理;电针组(n=15)制备大鼠氢化可的松模型后给予电针治疗.用放射免疫分析法(Radioimmunoassay,RIA)测定血黄体生成素(Luteinizing Hormone,LH)和睾酮(Testosterone,T)含量,组织切片HE染色进行睾丸组织学观察.结果:动物造模后血T明显下降,与造模前比较,P<0.05;LH升高,但与造模前无统计学差异.睾丸生精细胞分层数显著降低.治疗后,电针组大鼠血LH水平明显高于模型组(P<0.05);血T水平虽有升高趋势,但差异无统计学意义.睾丸生精细胞分层数增加明显(P<0.05).结论:电针可能通过升高体内LH和T水平,调整模型大鼠的生殖功能.     

黑木耳多糖对青春期雄性大鼠性功能影响的研究

目的观察黑木耳多糖对幼年雄性大鼠性功能的影响及其药理作用。方法将雄性大鼠40只随机分为空白对照组、多糖低剂量组、多糖高剂量组和木耳组,连续给药30d,测定血清中睾酮（T）、黄体生成素（LH）、卵泡刺激素（FSH）及血清和阴茎组织中NO水平,检测精子的计数、活动度、畸形率等指标。结果高剂量组和木耳组的FSH明显低于对照组（P均〈0.01）,高剂量组的T明显低于对照组（P〈0.05）。高剂量组和木耳组血清中NO明显低于对照组（P均〈0.05）,木耳组的阴茎组织中的NO明显低于对照组（P均〈0.05）。高剂量组和木耳组附睾精子密度、良好精子的比例明显下降（P均〈0.05）。结论黑木耳多糖可降低大鼠的睾丸功能、精子质量,影响青春期大鼠生殖器官的发育,对雄性大鼠的性功能有一定影响。     

Standardized quassinoid-rich Eurycoma longifolia extract improved spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats via the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Ethnopharmacological relevance

Eurycoma longifolia Jack, a small Simaroubaceae tree, known locally as ‘Tongkat Ali’ is popularly used as a sexual tonic in traditional medicine for aphrodisiac activity and improvement of fertility and male libido.

Aim of the study

To investigate the effects of the standardized bioactive fraction of E. longifolia and its chemical constituents on the male fertility and the mechanisms of action involved.

Material and methods

The powdered roots of E. longifolia were extracted separately with methanol and water. The organic extract upon further fractionation on HP 20 resin and elution with the methanol/water mixture afforded four fractions (F1–F4). These fractions, together with the crude aqueous (W) and organic extracts were standardized following their respective major quassinoid content and profile. The effects of the fractions on the rat spermatogenesis were compared with that of the aqueous extract (W) to determine the bioactive fraction. The effects of the bioactive fraction on the sperm count and quality, the histological morphometric changes on the spermatogenesis cycle, fertility and hormonal changes of plasma testosterone, luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and estrogen in the animals upon oral administration were determined. The effects of the bioactive quassinoids on the testosterone release from the isolated testicular interstitial cells rich in Leydig cells, were also described.

Results

The male rats orally administered with 25 mg/kg of F2 and 250 mg/kg of W, significantly increased the sperm concentration when compared with that of the control animals (P<0.05). High performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that 25 mg/kg of F2 and 250 mg/kg of W were almost similar in concentration of eurycomanone, the major and most potent quassinoid. Microscopic morphometrical analysis of the rat testis following treatment with F2, showed significant increase in the number of spermatocytes and round spermatids at Stage VII of the spermatogenesis cycle when compared to that of the control (P<0.05). The estimated spermatozoa production rate and the number of Leydig cells were also elevated (P<0.001). The fertility index, fecundity index and the pup litter size delivered from the females after mating with the males treated with F2 were increased. The plasma testosterone level of the animals given 25 mg/kg of F2 orally was significantly different at day-26 (p<0.05) and day-52 (P<0.01) from those of control but was not different at day-104. The testicular testosterone also peaked in the animals treated with 25 mg/kg F2 and was higher than that in the plasma. The plasma LH and FSH levels of the rats treated with 25 mg/kg of F2 were higher than those of the control (P<0.001). In contrast, the plasma estrogen level was significantly lower than that of the untreated control. Amongst the isolated quassinoids of F2, eurycomanone and 13α(21)-dihydroeurycomaone significantly increased the testosterone level from the Leydig cells of the testicular interstitial cells cultured in vitro (P<0.05).

Conclusion

The standardised extract F2 of E. longifolia and its major quassinoids especially eurycomanone improved the rat spermatogenesis by affecting the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis and the potential efficacy may be worthy of further investigation.     

坤怡宁对雌性去卵巢大鼠生殖内分泌-免疫的影响

目的：探讨坤怡宁颗粒治疗妇女更年期综合征的内在机制。方法：以去卵巢大鼠为模型,观察坤怡宁颗粒对去卵巢大鼠体重和子宫、胸腺、肾上腺等脏器系数的影响；用放免试剂盒检测血清雌二醇（E₂）,促卵泡激素（FSH）,黄体生成素（LH）,泌乳素（PRL）,白细胞介素-2（IL-2）,骨钙素（BGP）的含量。结果：坤怡宁能增加去卵巢大鼠子宫和肾上腺系数,提高其降低的E₂,IL-2和BGP,显著降低去卵巢大鼠升高的FSH,LH和PRL。结论：坤怡宁对去卵巢大鼠神经内分泌-免疫紊乱有较好的调节作用。     

Antifertility studies of the root extract of the Barleria prionitis Linn in male albino rats with special reference to testicular cell population dynamics

Oral administration of root extract of Barleria prionitis L. to male rats (100 mg/rat per day) for the period of 60 days did not cause body weight loss. The root extract brought about an interference with spermatogenesis. The round spermatids were decreased by 73.6% (P< or =0.001). No significant change was found in the population of secondary spermatocytes. However, the population of preleptotene spermatocytes were decreased by 41.9%. The extract reduced the fertility of male rats by 100%. Cross sectional surface area of Sertoli cells and mature Leydig cell numbers were significantly reduced (36.9%). The total protein, sialic acid contents of the testes, epididymides, seminal vesicle and prostate were reduced. Testicular glycogen contents were low. Antifertility effects of Barleria seemed to be mediated by disturbances in testicular somatic cells functions (Leydig and Sertoli cells) resulting in the physio-morphological events of spermatogenesis.     

中药对大负荷游泳运动大鼠睾酮水平的影响

目的:探究中药(益气养阴补肾方剂)对大负荷运动训练导致的低血睾酮的作用。方法:40只雄性SD大鼠被随机分为安静对照组、训练对照组、训练+睾酮组与训练+中药组。训练大鼠进行为期6周的递增负荷游泳训练;中药通过灌胃方式补充,丙酸睾酮通过腹腔注射补充。动物宰杀后,分别取血清、睾丸与垂体检测睾酮与促性腺激素FSH、LH。结果:训练补充中药大鼠血清与睾丸组织的睾酮水平,以及血清和垂体LH水平均显著高于训练对照组大鼠的水平(P<0.05);训练对照组大鼠血清与睾丸组织的睾酮水平以及血清LH水平显著低于安静对照组大鼠的相应水平(P<0.05);训练补充丙酸睾酮组大鼠血清睾酮水平显著高于训练补充中药与安静对照组大鼠的水平(P<0.05),但其睾丸组织睾酮水平以及血清LH水平均显著低于训练补充中药与安静对照组大鼠的相应水平(P<0.05)。结论:中药可明显改善运动训练导致的大鼠低血睾酮水平,其机制可能是益气养阴补肾方剂通过提高血清LH水平刺激睾丸间质细胞进而增加了睾丸组织中睾酮的合成与分泌。     

Effect of adlay (Coix lachryma‐jobi L. var. ma‐yuen Stapf.) hull extracts on testosterone release from rat Leydig cells

Adlay has been used as a traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of many diseases. However, few studies have reported the effects of adlay seeds on the endocrine system. In the present study, the effects of methanol extracts of adlay hull (AHM) on testosterone synthesis were studied. Rat Leydig cells were incubated with different reagents including human chorionic gonadotropin, 8‐bromo‐adenosine‐3′,5′‐cyclic monophosphate, forskolin, A23187, progesterone and androstenedione in the presence or absence of AHM. The rat anterior pituitary (AP) gland was treated with gonadotropin‐releasing hormone (GnRH) in vitro in the presence or absence of AHM, and the concentrations of luteinizing hormone (LH) in the media were measured. AHM decreased testosterone release via the inhibition of (1) the PKA and PKC signal transduction pathways, (2) 17β‐HSD enzyme activity in rat Leydig cells, and (3) in vitro GnRH‐induced LH secretion. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

药食两用中药复方对去卵巢大鼠内分泌激素的影响

目的：探讨药食两用中药复方治疗绝经期综合征的作用机理。方法：以去卵巢大鼠为动物模型，已烯雌酚片为阳性对照药物，采用放射免疫测定法观察该复方对血清E2，FSH，LH，T，P，T3，T4及TSH等激素水平的影响。结果：与去卵巢空白对照组比较，该中药复方能升高血清E2值，降低血清FSH，LH，T3，T4值，差异均有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：该中药复方能多途径调节卵巢大鼠生殖内分泌功能，改善甲状腺功能。提示其能够稳定机体内环境，缓解绝经期综合征症状。     

松果菊苷对醋酸铅致生精功能损伤小鼠的治疗作用

目的探讨松果菊苷对醋酸铅致生精功能损伤小鼠的治疗作用。方法 60只雄性BALB/c小鼠以单纯随机抽样法分为对照组,模型组,松果菊苷低、中、高剂量组及阳性药物组,每组10只。除对照组外,其余5组小鼠每天腹腔注射醋酸铅20 mg·kg-1·d-1,连续7 d,制备小鼠生殖功能损伤模型。模型制备后,阳性药物组给予人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)500 U·kg-1·d-1腹腔注射,松果菊苷低、中、高剂量组分别给予25 mg·kg-1、50 mg·kg-1、100 mg·kg-1松果菊苷灌胃,对照组和模型组给予等体积0.9%Na Cl溶液灌胃,连续30天;末次灌胃后24 h,分离附睾,观察精子密度、精子活率及精子畸形率;固定睾丸组织,观察组织病理改变;分离血清及匀浆睾丸组织,利用酶联免疫法检测睾丸组织睾酮(T)及血清黄体生成素(LH)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)。结果与对照组比较,模型组精子密度、精子活率降低,精子畸形率升高,睾丸组织匀浆中T含量降低,血清FSH和LH水平升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01)。与模型组比较,松果菊苷各剂量组精子密度、精子活率升高,精子畸形率降低,血清FSH和LH水平降低,睾丸组织匀浆中T含量升高,差异均有统计学意义(P0.01),且松果菊苷对生殖功能损伤的治疗作用呈剂量依赖性。组织学观察显示,松果菊苷各剂量组小鼠睾丸组织病理性损害均得到改善。结论松果菊苷对醋酸铅致生精障碍小鼠生精功能有明显的治疗作用,其作用机制可能与改善生殖激素水平,恢复下丘脑-垂体-性腺轴的调控功能有关。     

杜仲补天素片对雄性动物促生育作用的研究

目的对杜仲补天素片药效进行二次开发,新增其治疗男性不育症的功效,为其临床用于治疗男性不育症提供实验基础。方法将雄性小鼠随机分为杜仲补天素片高、中、低剂量(0.72、0.36、0.18 g/kg)组,对照组,阳性药生精胶囊组,观察各组雄性小鼠免疫器官及性腺器官脏器指数、抗疲劳作用、生育力作用。将雄性SD大鼠随机分为杜仲补天素片高、中、低剂量(0.504、0.252、0.126 g/kg)组、对照组,模型组,阳性药生精胶囊组,观察各组雄性大鼠脏器指数、睾丸病理结构的变化,测定各组雄性大鼠血清性激素水平及血清氧化反应指标以及生育力;进行HE染色,观察各组雄性大鼠的睾丸形态学结构。结果杜仲补天素片通过提高幼龄雄性小鼠免疫功能和性腺器官脏器指数,延长游泳存活时间,具有抗疲劳作用,从而促使雌性小鼠受孕率上升。通过增加模型大鼠的体质量,提高性器官及肾脏指数,增加血清性激素促卵泡激素(FSH)、促黄体激素(LH)、睾酮(T)、雌二醇(E2)的量,降低血清丙二醛(MDA)量,提高血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)水平,产生抗氧化损伤作用并改善睾丸病理形态损伤,从而促使雌性大鼠受孕率及平均产仔数上升,发挥抗腺嘌呤致大鼠生精功能障碍作用。结论杜仲补天素片对雄性动物具有促生育、改善生育及逆转受损生殖能力的作用,为杜仲补天素片的临床应用提供实验基础。     

穴位埋线对海洛因依赖大鼠血清睾酮含量及睾丸组织形态的影响

目的：建立海洛因依赖雄性大鼠模型,观察穴位埋线对其血清睾酮含量的影响,进而探讨其作用机制。方法：大鼠随机分为4组：正常组、模型组、美沙酮组、埋线组。用累进固定比率程序建立大鼠海洛因依赖模型,干预结束后比较各组血清睾酮含量及睾丸组织形态变化。结果：正常组、埋线组血清睾酮含量及右侧睾丸脏器指数较美沙酮组高,有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：穴位埋线能更好地恢复海洛因依赖雄性大鼠血清睾酮含量及睾丸脏器指数。     

三氧化二砷对雄性大鼠性激素影响的实验研究

目的:观察三氧化二砷(As2O3)对雄性大鼠血清性激素的影响。方法:将32只雄性大鼠随机分为4组,其中1组为对照组,其余3组分别给予不同剂量的As2O3腹腔注射,2周后检测血清睾酮(T)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)及黄体生成素(LH)含量,同时检测血清砷浓度、测定大鼠睾丸脏器系数、精子头数。结果:小剂量组血清T稍有下降,中剂量和大剂量组可使T明显减少,与对照组比较,差异有显著性意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。各剂量组的As2O3对FSH及LH均无影响。正常大鼠血清中有微量砷存在,随着给大鼠腹腔注射As2O3的量增加,血中砷浓度明显增加,各组与对照组比较,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。不同剂量的As2O3对大鼠的睾丸脏器系数无明显影响。但大鼠精子头计数随剂量增加而有所减少,以大剂量组最为的明显,与对照组比较,差异有非常显著性意义(P<0.01)。血清砷含量与血清T及精子头数之间呈直线负相关(r=-0.489和-0.515,均P<0.05),血清T与精子头数之间呈直线正相关(r=0.351,P<0.05)。结论:As2O3可能通过对睾丸组织的损伤而抑制大鼠体内T分泌,导致精子生成减少,产生雄性生殖毒性。     

黄芪甲苷对实验性糖尿病大鼠睾丸组织的保护作用

目的:研究黄芪甲苷对实验性糖尿病大鼠睾丸组织的保护作用并探讨其机制。方法:通过高脂高糖饮食加腹腔注射链脲佐菌素(STZ)的方法制备实验性糖尿病大鼠模型;测定大鼠空腹血糖水平,称量体质量和睾丸质量并计算睾丸指数,测定血清中睾酮含量,睾丸组织中酸性磷酸酶(ACP)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)和谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)含量,测定睾丸组织中超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性和丙二醛(MDA)含量,HE染色观察睾丸组织形态结构,透射电镜观察睾丸组织超微结构。结果:黄芪甲苷能够显著降低实验性糖尿病大鼠空腹血糖水平,增高体质量、睾丸质量以及睾丸指数,升高血清睾酮含量,升高LDH、γ-GT、ACP含量和SOD、GSH-Px、CAT活性且降低MDA含量,显著改善睾丸组织结构病变和超微结构。结论:黄芪甲苷可能通过降低氧化应激反应、改善睾丸组织病变和细胞超微结构而对实验性糖尿病大鼠睾丸组织起到一定的保护作用。     

Aspects of the male reproductive toxicity/male antifertility property of andrographolide in albino rats: effect on the testis and the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa

Previous work has shown that Andrographis paniculata leaf, when fed to male albino rats, causes the arrest of spermatogenesis. The present study was undertaken to investigate whether andrographolide, one of the major constituents of this plant, is responsible for such an effect. The compound was administered to 3-month-old male Wistar albino rats at two dose levels, for 48 days. Fertility tests, analysis of the counts, motility and abnormalities of the cauda epididymidal spermatozoa, and histopathological-evaluation of the testis were carried out. The results showed that sperm counts decreased, the spermatozoa were not motile, and several of them possessed abnormalities. The seminiferous epithelium was-thoroughly disrupted and in the seminiferous tubules, fully differentiated spermatozoa were far too limited; cells in the divisional stages were prevalent; multinucleate giant cells were abundant and Leydig cells appeared intact. It is inferred that andrographolide could affect spermatogenesis by preventing cytokinesis of the dividing spermatogenic cell lines. The multinucleate giant cells are comparable to the symplasts generated by cytochalasin-D and ursolic acid due to action at stages V-VII of the spermatogenic cycle. Sertoli cell damage and spermatotoxic effects are also apparent. Thus, the study points to a male reproductive toxic effect of this compound when used as a therapeutic; the study also confirms the possible prospective use of andrographolide in male contraception.     

Androgenic activity of the Thai traditional male potency herb, Butea superba Roxb., in female rats

Aim of the study

Butea superba Roxb. (Leguminosae) is a well-known Thai male potency herb with androgenic and anti-estrogenic activities. We evaluated whether oral administration of Butea superba has an androgenic or anti-estrogenic activity in female rats.

Materials and methods

Normal and ovariectomized adult female rats were each subdivided into five groups, DW, BS-10, BS-50, BS-250 and TP, and gavaged with 0, 10, 50 and 250 mg/kg BW/day of the crude of Butea superba and subcutaneously injected with 6 mg/kg BW/day of testosterone propionate (TP), respectively, during the treatment period.

Results

In intact rats, only BS-250 increased the uterine thickness and the number of uterine glands, and could induce a prolonged diestrous phase. In ovariectomized rats, treatment with BS-50 as well as BS-250 increased the uterine thickness and the number of uterine glands. However, serum luteinizing hormone (LH) levels were also increased. TP reduced serum follicle stimulating hormone and LH levels with the appearance of anestrous cycle, and could significantly increase the relative uterine weight and thickness and the number of uterine glands in both intact and ovariectomized rats.

Conclusions

Orally administered Butea superba tubers have an androgenic effect on the reproductive organs of intact and ovariectomized rats, and exhibit anti-estrogenic activity on LH secretion in ovariectomized rats.