不同固体制剂中白杨素的溶出度评价

目的考察白杨素不同固体制剂的体外溶出度,并建立白杨素制剂的溶出度HPLC测定方法。方法分别以体积分数40%和50%乙醇溶液,5和10g·L~(-1)十二烷基硫酸钠(SLS)溶液为溶出介质,对制备的3种白杨素固体制剂进行体外溶出度考察,并建立白杨素溶出度HPLC测定方法。结果 10g·L~(-1)十二烷基硫酸钠溶液更适合作为本研究中制备的3种白杨素固体制剂的溶出介质,白杨素微粉化胶囊剂的溶出度最高。此外,初步探讨了白杨素固体制剂体外溶出标准。结论不同制剂的白杨素溶出度差异较大,微粉化工艺能显著提高白杨素的溶出度。     

非诺贝特片和胶囊的溶出度评价

目的利用光纤药物溶出度仪(FODT-601)实时测定非诺贝特片(胶囊)的溶出度,并通过比较溶出曲线评价其制剂工艺和内在质量的差异。方法采用FODT-601仪,以《中国药典》2010年版规定的溶出度测定条件实时监测非诺贝特制剂的溶出曲线;并采用直观分析、Weibull分布模型拟合以及f2相似因子法比较不同剂型、不同厂家、不同批号间的溶出曲线。结果《中国药典》2010年版规定非诺贝特片及胶囊溶出度标准是:60min时取样,其限度为标示量的60%,所选的所有药物均在20min时就满足其限度规定。非诺贝特片与胶囊原创厂家的溶出行为较为一致,但国产厂家的非诺贝特片与胶囊溶出行为不一致;非诺贝特片国产厂家的溶出行为与原创厂家溶出行为差异较大,但非诺贝特胶囊国产厂家的溶出行为与原创厂家溶出行为较为一致;Weibull分布模型拟合法和f2相似因子法评价结果基本一致。结论用FODT-601仪测定非诺贝特制剂,操作简单,得到的数据信息完整,其溶出曲线用Weibull分布模型或f2相似因子法评价均可。     

非诺贝特固体分散片的试制

以PEG4000和十二烷基硫酸钠为载体，采用溶剂—熔融法制备了非诺贝特固体分散体，再与适当辅料混合压片制得非诺贝特固体分散片。用正交设计表L9(3^4)筛选处方。溶出度实验表明自制片较市售两种制剂溶出快。     

国产辛伐他汀胶囊的溶出度质量评价

目的:通过考察国内不同药品生产企业辛伐他汀胶囊的溶出情况评价药品质量.方法:参照日本在"药品品质再评价"拟定流程中对溶出度试验条件的规定,分别考察不同厂家辛伐他汀胶囊在含0.5%十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)的蒸馏水、含0.5% SDS的pH 1.2溶液、含0.5% SDS的pH 4.0醋酸盐缓冲液、含0.5% SDS的pH 7.0磷酸盐缓冲液四种溶出介质中的体外溶出行为,溶出方法采用篮法,转速为100 r·min-1.采用f 2相似因子法,考察国内9家企业的辛伐他汀胶囊与参比制剂溶出度的差异.结果:国内9家企业的辛伐他汀胶囊与参比制剂比较,其f 2因子基本上均小于50,溶出度与参比制剂不相似.结论:国内不同生产企业的辛伐他汀胶囊与参比制剂的溶出度有显著差异,仿制药品的质量有待提高.     

不同剂型非诺贝特对高血脂大鼠血脂水平的影响

目的　比较微粉化非诺贝特与标准化非诺贝特的降血脂作用。方法　用高脂饲料喂养Wistar大鼠 ,导致大鼠高脂血症 ,然后分别给予微粉化非诺贝特每天 2 0、30、40mg·kg- 1 及标准化非诺贝特每天 2 0、30、40、60、80mg·kg- 1 。于实验d 1 0取血清测定TC、TG。结果　①相同实验条件下 ,微粉化非诺贝特胶囊降低高血脂大鼠血清TC和TG的最低有效剂量为每天 30mg·kg- 1 ,而标准化非诺贝特胶囊为每天 80mg·kg- 1 ;②两种剂型非诺贝特在有效剂量下 ,可使高血脂大鼠的TG水平降至正常 ,使高血脂大鼠的TC水平下降 36 69%～ 51 56 %。结论　微粉化非诺贝特优于标准化非诺贝特制剂 ,非诺贝特对血脂的调节以降低血清TG为主 ,尚能降低血清TC水平     

国产洛伐他汀胶囊溶出度质量评价

目的：考察国内不同药品生产企业洛伐他汀胶囊的溶出情况,评价药品质量。方法：采用转篮法,以1．0％十二烷基硫酸钠的磷酸盐溶液900ml为溶出介质,转速100r·min^-1。采用f2因子法,考察国内14个药厂的洛伐他汀胶囊与参比药厂的洛伐他汀胶囊溶出度的差异。结果：4个药厂的洛伐他汀胶囊f2值大于50,溶出度与参比制剂相似。其他10个公司的洛伐他汀胶囊f2值小于50,溶出度与参比制剂存在明显差异。结论：仿制药品的质量有待提高。     

改良Weibull模型对药物溶出曲线的评价北大核心CSCD

目的:建立改良Weibull数学模型,用改良Weibull拟合参数评价药物溶出曲线。方法:选择3种不同剂型的口服固体化学药品,采用在线测试仪分别测定实验制剂的药物溶出度,并对其进行方法学验证;建立Weibull公式中由常数"1"改为变量"c"的改良Weibull数学模型,使用改良Weibull模型分别拟合非诺贝特胶囊、呋塞米片和格列吡嗪片受试与对照制剂的时间-药物累积溶出百分率数据,以模型拟合参数评价受试与对照制剂药物溶出曲线的一致程度;并与经典Weibull模型和f_2相似因子评价方法比较。结果:在线检测药物溶出度方法,线性关系良好,日内精密度小于2%;改良Weibull数学模型能稳健拟合非诺贝特胶囊、呋塞米片和格列吡嗪片的药物溶出曲线,拟合优度优于经典Weibull模型;其参数法判别药物溶出曲线,较f_2相似因子和经典Weibull方法更准确、更灵敏。结论:改良Weibull模型及其参数判别方法,可以用于非诺贝特胶囊、呋塞米片和格列吡嗪片溶出曲线一致程度的评价。     

微粉化技术提高格列美脲片溶出度

目的:提高格列美脲片的体外溶出度。方法:用气流粉碎机制备微粉化物,HPLC法测定体外溶出曲线,与亚莫利片进行相似性比较。结果:微粉化物的D50粒径为1.026μm,3批片剂溶出度曲线相似因子为80。结论:微粉化可提高格列美脲片的体外溶出度,其溶出行为与参比制剂非常相似。     

非诺贝特微粉化片剂的研制

以乳糖和微晶纤维素作为主要辅料制备非诺贝特的微粉化物。并以此制备片剂。辅以预胶化淀粉调节片剂的溶出度。溶出度试验结果表明微粉化片溶出度达到中国药典普通片质量要求。比进口胶囊剂溶出速度快。初步稳定性试验结果表明分别在光照。75%相对湿度或40℃，10d下稳定。     

不同厂家生产的硝苯地平片体外溶出度的比较

目的：比较国内不同厂家生产的硝苯地平片的体外溶出度。方法：以紫外分光光度法测定硝苯地平的含量,分别根据《英国药典》2010年版、《美国药典》第34版和《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版的方法,对5个厂家生产的硝苯地平片的溶出度进行考察,并比较硝苯地平片在水、pH4.5乙酸钠缓冲液以及pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶出度。运用相似因子f2法,比较硝苯地平片在不同溶出介质中溶出曲线的相似性。结果：5个厂家生产的硝苯地平片的溶出度按《中华人民共和国药典》2010年版方法测定,在60min时均〉75%;按《英国药典》2010年版方法测定,45min时均〈75%;按《美国药典》第34版方法测定,20min时均〈80%。以0.1mol/L盐酸溶液为对照,硝苯地平片在人工胃液（不含胃蛋白酶）、水、pH4.5乙酸钠缓冲液和pH6.8磷酸盐缓冲液中的溶出曲线的相似因子f2为50.93～77.45;以0.25%十二烷基硫酸钠溶液为对照,相似因子f2远〈50,表明溶出曲线不相似。结论：5个厂家生产的硝苯地平片的体外溶出度符合《中华人民共和国药典》的要求,但达不到《英国药典》和《美国药典》的标准。国内厂家生产的硝苯地平片溶出度检查标准有待提高。     

Micronization of drugs using supercritical carbon dioxide.

Particles from gas saturated solutions, a novel method for high pressure material processing, has been used for micronization of practically insoluble calcium-channel blockers nifedipine and felodipine and the hypolipidemic agent fenofibrate with the aim of increasing their dissolution rate and hence their bioavailability. Dependent on the pre-expansion conditions, a mean particle size of between 15 and 30 microm was achieved for micronized nifedipine and 42 microm for micronized felodipine. The particle size of processed fenofibrate, on the other hand, increased due to agglomeration. The highest dissolution rate was achieved by preparation of drug coprecipitates with PEG 4000. Copyright     

普萘洛尔药物树脂缓释混悬剂在Beagle犬体内的药动学

目的考察普萘洛尔药物树脂缓释混悬剂在Beagle犬体内的缓释行为及其体内外相关性研究。方法采用双周期交叉试验设计,6只健康Beagle犬口服市售缓释胶囊或自制缓释混悬剂后,用HPLC法测定血药浓度,计算2制剂的药动学参数,进行生物利用度比较,用不同的体外释放量对体内吸收量进行线性拟和。结果自制缓释混悬剂的药动学参数计算结果为AUC_(0-24)(1031±s 63)μg·h·L~(-1),c_(max)(87±4)μg·L~(-1),t_(max)(6.5±1.2)h,市售缓释胶囊的计算结果相应为AUC_(0-24)(989±99)μg·h·L~(-1),c_(max)(85±3)μg·L~(-1),t_(max)(7.2±0.7)h,2制剂的3项药动学参数没有显著差异(P>0.05),自制缓释混悬剂对市售缓释胶囊的平均相对生物利用度为(106±9)%,以0.5mol·L~(-1) NaCl溶液中所得体外溶出数据与体内吸收量相关性较好(r=0.937 7)。结论普萘洛尔药物树脂缓释混悬剂在Beagle犬体内达到明显的缓释效果,与参比制剂相比具生物等效性,可用一定的体外释放条件进行体内行为的预测。     

非诺贝特片仿制药与原研药溶出度一致性评价研究

目的 建立非诺贝特片溶出度曲线测定方法,评价国内10家仿制药产品与原研药品溶出曲线的相似性。方法 用含0.025 mol·L^-1 SDS的pH 1.0盐酸溶液、pH 4.0缓冲液、pH 6.8缓冲液和水溶液4种溶出介质,分别考察非诺贝特片仿制药与原研片的溶出状况,并通过计算相似因子（f₂）评价溶出曲线的相似性。结果 国内仅1家企业产品与原研片在4种溶出介质中的溶出曲线均相似,其余企业产品与原研片相比溶出行为均不一致。结论 该方法适用于非诺贝特片的溶出曲线测定,可为非诺贝特片质量一致性评价提供参考。     

普萘洛尔药物树脂渗透泵在犬体内的药动学及体内外相关性评价

目的对制备的普萘洛尔药物树脂渗透泵片在Beagle犬体内药动学进行研究并对体内外相关性做出评价。方法对6条Beagle犬进行双周期双交叉实验,利用高效液相色谱法测定不同时间Beagle犬血浆中的药物浓度,用DAS 2.0统计软件计算有关药动学参数。以紫外分光光度计测定普萘洛尔树脂渗透泵控释片的体外释放浓度,Wanger-Nelson法计算体内吸收百分数,进行体内外相关性评价。结果药物树脂渗透泵体外释放具有2 h时滞,2～14 h恒速释药,24 h累积释放90%以上。体内吸收5 h后达到最低有效浓度,普萘洛尔树脂渗透泵片与普通片主要药动学参数分别为t_(max)(11.0±s 1.1)和(3.0±0.6)h;t_(1/2) (6±4)和(3.2±0.6)h;c_(max)(128±11)和(750±55)μg·L~(-1);AUC_(0-∞)(2583±508)和(2 708±386)μg·h·L~(-1),且体内外相关性较好。结论普萘洛尔树脂渗透泵片的时滞现象为时辰给药提供了可能,且血药浓度平稳,与普通片相比可较长时间保持有效血药浓度。     

提高难溶性药物尼群地平溶出率和口服生物利用度的研究

目的通过制剂手段提高难溶性药物尼群地平的体外溶出率和家犬体内的相对生物利用度。方法用共研磨法制备研磨混合物,并用差热分析法、X射线衍射法、显微镜法鉴别药物在共研磨混合物中的存在状态,在此基础上采用直接压片法制备口腔速崩片,测定体外溶出速率,所有试验均以物理混合物为参照进行比较;用HPLC法测定3只健康家犬分别口服尼群地平口腔速崩片(受试制剂)、市售普通片(参比制剂)后不同时间血浆中尼群地平的浓度,计算药物代谢动力学参数及相对生物利用度。结果共研磨混合物中尼群地平的粒径远小于物理混合物,并以微晶状态存在;以共研磨混合物制备的口腔速崩片的溶出速度和程度均大于以物理混合物制备的口腔速崩片;在家犬体内受试制剂和参比制剂的tmax分别为1.5 h和4.25 h,ρmax分别为176.54μg.L-1和111.12μg.L-1,AUC0-t分别为903.78μg.h.L-1和651.99μg.h.L-1,AUC0-∞分别为1 030.46μg.h.L-1和903.68μg.h.L-1,受试制剂的相对生物利用度为138.5%;受试制剂的体内吸收和体外溶出速率均高于参比制剂。结论通过制备共研磨混合物和口腔速崩片的方法,提高了尼群地平的体外溶出度和家犬体内的相对生物利用度。     

Impairment of the in vitro drug release behaviour of oral modified release preparations in the presence of alcohol

Recently, there has been concern by regulatory authorities of the risk of alcohol-induced dose dumping of oral modified release (MR) formulations. The aim of this work was to use in vitro dissolution methodology to investigate the vulnerability of MR products to alcohol under different physiological conditions of the upper gastrointestinal tract. A variety of dissolution scenarios with ethanol concentrations in the range of 5-40% v/v were explored. Mesalazine (5-aminosalicylic acid) was selected as the model drug and the release behaviour of three commercially available MR, monolithic and multi-particulate preparations with pH-dependent or independent release mechanisms was evaluated (Salofalk, Asacol and Pentasa). Each product was found to have a distinctive release profile and behaved differently in the scenarios screened. In the case of Pentasa, complete dose dumping occurred on exposure to 40% ethanol in acid for 2h. Asacol, however, displayed a contrarian trend with drug release being substantially delayed in small intestinal media after pre-exposure to acid/ethanol for the same duration. Salofalk underwent accelerated drug release in the presence of ethanol in the dissolution media, with unexpected trends observed between the different scenarios. For the three preparations explored, there appears to be a complex interplay between the various formulation variables and ethanol in the dissolution media. The unpredictable release profiles under the different conditions makes it necessary to screen several in vitro scenarios of ethanol exposure for each preparation before a decision is reached on its susceptibility to drug release impairment on consumption with ethanol.     

Micronised fenofibrate: an updated review of its clinical efficacy in the management of dyslipidaemia

Micronised fenofibrate is a synthetic phenoxy-isobutyric acid derivative (fibric acid derivative) indicated for the treatment of dyslipidaemia. Recently, a new tablet formulation of micronised fenofibrate has become available with greater bioavailability than the older capsule formulation. The micronised fenofibrate 160mg tablet is bioequivalent to the 200mg capsule. The lipid-modifying profile of micronised fenofibrate 160mg (tablet) or 200mg (capsule) once daily is characterised by a decrease in low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and total cholesterol (TC) levels, a marked reduction in plasma triglyceride (TG) levels and an increase in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels. Micronised fenofibrate 200mg (capsule) once daily produced greater improvements in TG and, generally, in HDL-C levels than the hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors simvastatin 10 or 20 mg/day, pravastatin 20 mg/day or atorvastatin 10 or 40 mg/day. Combination therapy with micronised fenofibrate 200mg (capsule) once daily plus fluvastatin 20 or 40 mg/day or atorvastatin 40 mg/day was associated with greater reductions from baseline than micronised fenofibrate alone in TC and LDL-C levels. Similar or greater changes in HDL-C and TG levels were seen in combination therapy, compared with monotherapy, recipients. Micronised fenofibrate 200mg (capsule) once daily was associated with significantly greater improvements from baseline in TC, LDL-C, HDL-C and TG levels than placebo in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus enrolled in the double-blind, randomised Diabetes Atherosclerosis Intervention Study (DAIS) [> or =3 years follow-up]. Moreover, angiography showed micronised fenofibrate was associated with significantly less progression of coronary atherosclerosis than placebo. Micronised fenofibrate has also shown efficacy in patients with metabolic syndrome, patients with HIV infection and protease inhibitor-induced hypertriglyceridaemia and patients with dyslipidaemia secondary to heart transplantation. Micronised fenofibrate was generally well tolerated in clinical trials. The results of a large (n = 9884) 12-week study indicated that gastrointestinal disorders are the most frequent adverse events associated with micronised fenofibrate therapy. Elevations in serum transaminase and creatine phosphokinase levels have been reported rarely with micronised fenofibrate. In conclusion, micronised fenofibrate improves lipid levels in patients with primary dyslipidaemia; the drug has particular efficacy with regards to reducing TG levels and raising HDL-C levels. Micronised fenofibrate is also effective in diabetic dyslipidaemia; as well as improving lipid levels, the drug reduced progression of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The results of large ongoing studies (e.g. FIELD with approximately 10 000 patients) will clarify whether the beneficial lipid-modifying effects of micronised fenofibrate result in a reduction in cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.     

A novel nanomatrix system consisted of colloidal silica and pH-sensitive polymethylacrylate improves the oral bioavailability of fenofibrate

A novel solid particle system with a nanomatrix structure and without surfactant for the oral delivery of insoluble drugs was prepared. This used a combination of pH-sensitive polymethylacrylate and nano-porous silica, in order to improve the drug absorption using only pharmaceutical excipients and a relative simple process. The in vitro drug dissolution and in vivo oral bioavailability of this formulation, using fenofibrate as the model drug, were compared with other reference formulations such as a suspension, micronized formulation or self microemulsion drug delivery system (SMEDDS). The supersaturation stabilizing effect of different polymers was evaluated and the physicochemical characterization of the optimal formulation was conducted by SEM, TEM, surface area analysis, DSC, and XRD. The optimized formulation prepared with polymethylacrylate (Eudragit®L100-55) and silica (Sylysia®350) markedly improved the drug dissolution compared with other reference preparations and displayed a comparative oral bioavailability to the SMEDDS. Fenofibrate existed in a molecular or amorphous state in the nanomatrix, and this state was maintained for up to 1 year, without obvious changes in drug release and absorption. In conclusion, the nanomatrix formulation described here is a promising system to enhance the oral bioavailability of water-insoluble drugs.     

国产盐酸尼卡地平缓释胶囊人体药代动力学及生物利用度

目的　比较国产和进口盐酸尼卡地平 (Nic)缓释胶囊的药代动力学及生物利用度。方法　选择 12名健康志愿者随机交叉单剂量及多剂量口服两种Nic缓释胶囊 ,采用GC ECD检测 ,内标法定量测定其血药浓度。结果　两种缓释胶囊空腹给药 ,其单剂量及多剂量达稳态后经时血药浓度均呈双峰曲线 ,国产胶囊单剂量给药的主要参数 :Cmax1( 14 2± 8 2 ) μg·L-1,Cmax2 ( 16 9± 5 8) μg·L-1,Tmax1( 0 79±0 45 )h ,Tmax2 ( 5 0 8± 0 79)h ,T1/2Ke( 5 49± 2 5 3)h ,AUC0～ 2 4 ( 97 9± 2 4 8) μg·h·L-1。多剂量给药的主要参数 :Cmax( 36 7± 6 1) μg·L-1,Cmin( 7 3± 1 6 ) μg·L-1,Cav( 18 9± 3 2 ) μg·L-1,FI( 1 5 6± 0 2 6 ) ,AUC0～ 36( 341 4±48 5 ) μg·h·L-1。国产Nic缓释胶囊单剂量及多剂量给药与进口制剂比较的相对生物利用度各为 97 5 %± 19 3 %和98 2 %± 16 5 %。结论　方差分析及双单侧t检验表明 ,两种制剂具有生物等效性