导管消融治疗心房颤动损伤右侧膈神经一例

导管治疗心房颤动（房颤）引起的并发症如心包积液、肺静脉口狭窄甚至心房．食管瘘等均得到足够的重视,但导管消融治疗房颤引起膈神经损伤（PNI）却鲜有报道。现报道导管消融治疗房颤出现右侧PNI1例。     

心房颤动导管消融术后心房食管瘘的预防及早期识别与处理

心房食管瘘是心房颤动患者导管消融术后罕见但致命的并发症。如何预防心房食管瘘的发生,对心房食管瘘进行早期识别与处理,是心房颤动导管消融领域重要的研究内容之一。本文对该领域的最新研究进展作一综述。     

中国经导管消融治疗心房颤动注册研究-2007

目的 分析2007年我国经导管消融治疗心房颤动(房颤)工作的现状.方法 根据各家医院提供的资料,对2007年我国导管消融治疗房颤病例资料进行回顾性分析.结果 截至2008年9月5日,调查共收到40家医院提供的注册登记病例资料2620份,其中男性1719例,女性901例,平均年龄(58.5±11.2)岁.阵发性房颤77.4%,持续性房颤15.7%,长期持续性房颤6.9%.54.1%的患者合并1种或1种以上的基础心脏疾病.左心房内径(38.3±6.3)mm,左心室舒张末期内径(47.8±5.2)mm,左心室射血分数0.63±0.08.经导管消融治疗房颤的主要术式是环肺静脉消融术和环肺静脉消融加必要心房辅助线.消融能源主要为射频,占99.8%.2007年的消融成功率为80.3%,复发率为19.7%.对成功率和复发率有显著影响的因素有左心房内径、房颤类型和消融术式.术后抗心律失常药物的应用有所增多,抗凝治疗明显加强.总的并发症发生率为1.7%,无严重并发症如心房食管瘘和肺静脉狭窄发生.结论 建议在相关条件较好的医院,可将经导管消融作为症状明显的阵发性房颤的一线治疗方法. 舒张末期内径(47.8±5.2)mm,左心室射血分数0 63±0.08.经导管消融治疗房颤的主要术式是环肺静脉消融术和环肺静脉消融加必要心房辅助线.消融能源主要为射频,占99.8%.2007年的消融成功率为80.3%,复发率为19.7%.对成功率和复发率有显著影响的因素有左心房内径、房颤类型和消融术式.术后抗心律失常药物的应用有所增多,抗凝治疗明显加强.总的并发症发生率为1.7%,无严重并发症如心房食管瘘和肺静脉狭窄发生.结论建议在相关条件较好的医院,可将经导管消融作为症状明显的阵发性房颤的一线治疗方法. 舒张末期内径(47.8±5.2)mm,左心室射血分数0 63±0.08.经导管消融治疗房颤的主要术式是环肺静脉消融术和环肺静脉消融加必要心房辅助线.消融能源主要为射频,占99     

冷冻球囊导管消融术在心房颤动治疗中的应用

心房颤动（房颤）是最常见的持续性心律失常;目前其主要治疗方法包括药物治疗、导管消融治疗和外科手术治疗。近年来导管消融术得到快速发展,显示出良好的应用前景,其中环肺静脉隔离术是一种应用广泛的术式,所用能源主要为射频能源,但手术复杂,学习曲线较长,可出现血栓形成、心肌及其周围组织损伤、致命性肺静脉狭窄及心房—食道瘘等并发症,限制了该术式的普及。     

脉冲电场消融治疗房颤的现状

目前,导管消融术（catheter ablation,CA）已成为国内外治疗药物难治性房颤患者的主要方法,尤其是肺静脉隔离术（pulmonary vein isolation,PVI）,已成为CA治疗的基石。无论是导管的阻抗热损伤还是球囊的冷冻消融,两大能源仍存在膈神经损伤、心房食管瘘、心包填塞等不可逆的安全问题。脉冲电场消融（pulsed field ablation,PFA）,作为一种电脉冲能源,是治疗心律失常最新的消融技术热点话题。PFA通过释放短时程、高电压的电脉冲能量对细胞产生不可逆电穿孔,导致细胞凋亡,对心肌造成不可逆的损伤,发挥肺静脉隔离的作用。其优点主要是避免冠状动脉、食管、肺静脉及膈神经等周围组织受到损伤,比常规房颤消融方法更具有效性及安全性。本文对PFA的特点展开综述,详细阐述其治疗房颤的优势。     

心房颤动射频导管消融术后迟发性大量血胸一例

射频导管消融在心房颤动(房颤)治疗中的地位逐步提高,其中环肺静脉口外线性消融是目前的主流术式之一.该术式围术期间的相关并发症大多数已经被大家熟知,如穿刺部位出血、血肿、动静脉瘘、心脏压塞,脑栓塞,气胸和左心房食管瘘等,本文报道1例房颤导管消融术后迟发性大量血性胸腔积液.     

心房颤动消融术的严重并发症——心房食管瘘

近些年来,越来越多的医院开展了心房颤动射频导管消融术（下称消融）,这为许多心房颤动患者带来了治愈的希望。但是随着接受消融人数的增多,发生严重并发症的可能性也增大。心房食管瘘是心房颤动消融的一种最严重的并发症,具有发病无特征性临床表现、病死率高等特点,因此我们有必要了解如何防治心房食管瘘。     

射频消融术治疗心房颤动常见并发症及其处理

导管射频消融是目前治疗心房颤动(简称房颤)安全有效的方法,正被越来越多的患者接受.由于手术比较复杂,并发症的发生率约为6%[1].现将房颤导管消融常见并发症的原因及预防措施综述如下.     

中国经导管消融治疗心房颤动注册研究10年回顾

目的 分析我同经导管消融治疗心房颤动(房颤)10年的发展历程.方法 根据参加注册医院提供的资料,对1998年至2007年我国经导管消融治疗房颤的病例资料进行同顾性分析.结果 1998年至2007年我国经导管消融治疗房颤的患者病例数快速增加,从1998年的11例增至2007年的2620例.10年里患者年龄、持续性房颤和长期持续性房颤的比例、合并基础疾病及在心房内径增大的患者比例逐年增加.经导管消融治疗房颤的主要术式是环肺静脉消融术和节段性肺静脉消融术.消融能源主要为射频.标测系统发展迅速,Carto应用广泛.消融总成功率为77.1%,复发率为22.9%.对成功率和复发率有显著影响的因素有年龄、性别、合并基础疾病、左心房内径、左心室舒张末内径、房颤类型和消融术式.消融后抗心律失常药物的应用明显减少,但抗凝治疗加强.并发症发生率为5.3%,主要是皮下血肿和心脏压塞,严重并发症心房食管瘘仅1例.结论 建议在综合条件较好的医院,可以将经导管消融作为症状明显的阵发性房颤的一线治疗方法.     

影响心房颤动射频消融术后复发的一些因素概述

心房颤动(简称房颤)导管消融术是目前治疗房颤的主要手段之一,但消融术后复发也是临床不能忽视的问题。研究表明,患者年龄、房颤类型及病程、左右心房大小、心房纤维化、体表心电图特征等因素可作为房颤术后复发的预测指标,新近研究指出,心脏局部微环境如心脏表面脂肪组织、血浆同型半胱氨酸水平、胃食管反流病、心理情绪等与房颤的发生及维持密切相关,也可作为房颤射频消融术后复发的预测因素。     

Ablation of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common arrhythmia, affecting an estimated 2 million people in the United States and its prevalence increases with age, reaching 10% in those > or = 80 years. AF confers a four- to fivefold increased risk of stroke compared to the general population and has been associated with a doubling of all-cause mortality. During the past decade, limited success rates of drug treatment stimulated an exploration of interventional treatment options for AF. As our knowledge on initiating triggers and perpetuating substrate of AF expanded, different potentially curative catheter ablation techniques have been developed. In this article we review the current patient selection criteria, methods, and the results of the catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation.     

心房颤动导管消融术后复发的危险因素分析

心房颤动是最常见的心律失常之一。导管消融已经成为心房颤动的有效治疗手段,具有较高的手术成功率,特别是阵发性心房颤动,术后成功率更高。然而,导管消融术后复发仍不少见,特别是慢性心房颤动。影响心房颤动经导管消融术后复发的危险因素是多方面的,包括体重、年龄、心房颤动持续时间、炎症、心房纤维化、左房疤痕、左房大小等,识别这些危险因素对指导个体化治疗及提高导管消融的成功率有一定的意义。因此,现对这些危险因素与心房颤动导管消融术后复发的关系做一综述。     

体表心电图对肺静脉起源的房性心律失常中的应用

心房颤动(AF)是心脏疾病中最常见的心律失常。本文对体表心电图对肺静脉起源的房性心律失常中的应用作一综述。     

持续性心房纤颤的辅助消融策略

心房纤颤（简称房颤）是一种临床上最常见的持续性心律失常,发病率高,危害大。近年来,房颤的非药物治疗取得了较快发展,其中肺静脉隔离（PVI）就是一种有效的治疗方法。这种方法对于阵发性房颤患者治愈率较高,而在持续性房颤和长时程房颤患者中疗效一般。本综述主要探讨针对持续性房颤患者的最新辅助消融策略及其机制,包括线性消融、复杂碎裂心房电位（CFAE）消融、神经节（丛）消融、主频率消融、转子消融和与房颤触发相关的其他解剖位点消融。     

Insights from advancements and pathbreaking research on the minimally invasive treatment of atrial fibrillation

Atrial fibrillation (AF) remains the most common cardiac arrhythmia with increasing prevalence in developed and aging countries. Pharmacological antiarrhythmic therapy has low effectiveness and is limited by its toxicity. Developed in 1987 by James Cox surgical ablation of AF called MAZE procedure was very effective, but due to its invasiveness and complexity was not widely adopted. Landmark research done by Haissaguerre in 1998 initiated a new approach for treatment namely percutaneous catheter ablation, which remains a class I/A indication in symptomatic paroxysmal AF refractory to optimal medical therapy. However, its efficacy in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (PSAF) is far from satisfactory. Recent advancements in devices and techniques of minimally invasive surgical ablation show very good results in the treatment of PSAF. Current guidelines equate surgical with catheter ablation within the scope of efficacy indicating that both may be considered as an effective and safe treatment option for patients with persistent forms of arrhythmia. The higher efficacy of surgical ablation was confirmed at a 7-year follow-up of FAST trial with recurrence rate as high as 87% in catheter arm compared with 56% in thoracoscopic ablation arm. A new concept of the invasive treatment of AF consisting of combined surgical (epicardial) and electrophysiological (endocardial) was introduced in 2009. Recently experts’ opinions and published data suggest that the proper hybrid treatment consisting of a planned combination of surgical and catheter ablation may give even better results. One of the most invaluable benefits of surgical ablations is the possibility of concomitant occlusion of the left atrial appendage. Recently good results have been reported for the novel epicardial clip for closing the left atrial appendage, which is placed in the deployment loop on a disposable holder.     

Catheter ablation and lower risk of incident dementia and mortality in older adults with atrial fibrillation

Background

Atrial fibrillation (AF) has consistently been associated with a higher risk of incident dementia. Observational evidence has suggested catheter ablation may be associated with a lower risk of dementia in patients with AF, but further research is needed. The objectives of this study were to use a global health research network to examine associations between catheter ablation, incident dementia and mortality in older adults with AF, and amongst subgroups by age, sex, co-morbidity status, and oral anticoagulant use.

Methods

The research network primarily included healthcare organizations in the United States. This network was searched on 28th September 2022 for patients aged ≥65 years with a diagnosis of AF received at least 5 years prior to the search date. Cox proportional hazard models were run on propensity-score matched cohorts.

Results

After propensity score matching, 20,746 participants (mean age 68 years; 59% male) were included in each cohort with and without catheter ablation. The cohorts were well balanced for age, sex, ethnicity, co-morbidities, and cardiovascular medications received. The risk of dementia was significantly lower in the catheter ablation cohort (Hazard Ratio 0.52, 95% confidence interval: 0.45–0.61). The catheter ablation cohort also had a lower risk of all-cause mortality (Hazard Ratio 0.58, 95% confidence interval: 0.55–0.61). These associations remained in subgroup analyses in individuals aged 65–79 years, ≥80 years, males, females, participants who received OACs during follow-up, participants with paroxysmal and non-paroxysmal AF, and participants with and without hypertension, diabetes mellitus, ischemic stroke, chronic kidney disease and heart failure, including heart failure with preserved ejection fraction and heart failure with reduced ejection fraction.

Conclusion

The observed lower risk of dementia and mortality with catheter ablation could be an important consideration when determining appropriate patient-centered rhythm control strategies for patients with AF. Further studies including data on the success of ablation are required.     

左心耳电隔离在持续性心房颤动治疗中的研究进展

肺静脉隔离是心房颤动(房颤)导管消融的基石,对于阵发性房颤有良好效果,但在持续性房颤中的效果则不尽人意.肺静脉隔离以外的辅助消融策略有助于提高持续性房颤的手术成功率.左心耳不仅是心腔内血栓的常见起源,还是导致快速性房性心律失常发生或维持的因素,因而左心耳电隔离成为持续性房颤辅助消融策略之一,研究表明其可能有助于提高持续...     

Catheter ablation of regular atrial arrhythmia following surgical treatment of permanent atrial fibrillation

Ablation of Atrial Tachycardia after Antiatrial Fibrillation Surgery. INTRODUCTION: Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF) is gaining widespread acceptance. However, therapeutic modalities for secondary regular atrial tachycardia are still empiric. METHODS AND RESULTS: After linear atrial cooled-tip radiofrequency ablation (SICTRA) during cardio-surgical procedures to cure permanent AF, patients with regular atrial tachycardia were identified. Invasive electrophysiology including electroanatomic mapping was performed. Catheter ablation was directed to suppress atrial arrhythmia depending on activation mapping findings. Follow-up was performed after 3 months and then after every 6 months. Of 238 patients, 12 (5.0%) were identified with regular secondary arrhythmias (12 +/- 7 months after surgery) including 9 (3.8%) with persistent forms originating from the right atrium (RA) in six (66%) (isthmus-dependent macroreentry in 4, incisional macroreentry in 1, and RA ectopy in 1). All patients with RA origin of the tachycardia were successfully ablated. Two patients had left atrial (LA)-macroreentry circling around the mitral valve indicating insufficiency of the intraoperative ablation procedure: one patient was successfully ablated within the LA isthmus, in the other patient no complete conduction block could be induced. One patient had LA-macroreentry degenerating into AF, and ablation was not performed. During follow-up (9 +/- 4 months), no recurrences of atrial tachycardias were documented after successful ablation. CONCLUSIONS: Persistent regular "secondary" arrhythmia occurred in 3.8% (9/238) of patients after SICTRA to treat permanent AF. Predominantly (67%; 6/9), the arrhythmia was located in the RA mostly incorporating the RA-isthmus. Catheter ablation was highly effective for RA tachycardia (100%). In three cases (33%), LA-macroreentry was documented and catheter ablation was successful in only one patient (overall success 78%).     

Hybrid epicardial and endocardial ablation of persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation: a new approach for difficult cases

Background : Although percutaneous epicardial catheter ablation (PECA) has been used for the management of epicardial ventricular tachycardia, the use of PECA for atrial fibrillation (AF) has not yet been reported.
Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and feasibility of a hybrid PECA and endocardial ablation for AF.
Methods: We performed PECA for AF in five patients (48.6 ± 8.1 years old, all male, four redo ablation procedures of persistent AF with a risk of pulmonary vein (PV) stenosis, one de novo ablation of permanent [AF]) after an endocardial AF ablation guided by PV potentials and 3D mapping (NavX). Utilizing an open irrigation tip catheter, a left atrial (LA) linear ablation from the roof to the perimitral isthmus or localized ablation at the junction between the LA appendage and left-sided PVs or ligament of Marshall (LOM) was performed.
Results: PECA of AF was successful in all patients with an ablation time of <15 minutes. The left-sided PV potentials were eliminated by PECA in all patients. Bidirectional block of the perimitral line was achieved in two of two patients and a left inferior PV tachycardia with conduction block to the LA was observed during the ablation in the area of the LOM in one patient. A hemopericardium developed in one patient, but was controlled successfully. During 8.0 ± 6.3 months of follow-up, all patients have remained in sinus rhythm (four patients without antiarrhythmic drugs).
Conclusion: A hybrid PECA of AF is feasible and effective in patients with redo-AF ablation procedures and at risk for left-sided PV stenosis or who are resistant to endocardial linear ablation.     

心房颤动射频消融术后复发危险因素的研究进展

心房颤动（房颤）是临床最常见的心律失常类型之一,给患者和社会带来沉重的生活和经济负担。尽管目前射频消融术已经成为房颤的重要治疗手段,但术后复发一直是医生面临的难题,也成为研究者关注的热点。本文总结了国内外有关房颤射频消融术后复发危险因素的最新研究进展。