脱油沥青气化炉内气化反应数值模拟

对以脱油沥青(DOA)为原料的气流床气化炉内多相反应流动进行了数值模拟,考察了氧油质量比、蒸汽加入量和气化压力对气化性能的影响。结果表明：随氧油质量比（mO2/mDOA）增大,气化炉内温度逐渐升高;当mO2/mDOA=0.93时,有效气含率达到最大值0.837。随蒸汽量增大,气化炉出口气体温度降低,而有效气含率在蒸汽、油质量比(mH2O/mDOA)为0.48时达到最大值;操作压力对气化炉出口有效气含量和温度影响很小。     

气流床气化炉气化过程的分区模拟

基于气流床气化炉的三区及短路混合模型,将气化炉炉内空间按流场化学反应特征划分为燃烧区、射流区二次反应区、回流区二次反应区和管流区二次反应区。对一次均相反应采用Gibbs平衡模型,二次均相反应、非均相反应采用动力学模型进行了模拟计算,得到了气化炉中各分区的温度和气体组成,并将其 结果与Gibbs平衡模型的计算结果进行了对比,吻合良好; 在气化炉适宜的操作温度范围内,采用该模型预测了最优的氧煤比和蒸汽煤比的调节范围。     

基于停留时间分布的气流床气化炉通用网络模型

气流床气化炉的数学模型是气化装置设计和操作优化的基础,气固停留时间分布是影响气流床气化炉出口组成和碳转化率的关键因素。以气固停留时间分布为依据,结合反应动力学建立气流床气化炉的通用网络模型,模拟值与工业值吻合。对于神府煤,考察了氧煤比改变对气化结果的影响,结果表明：最佳氧煤比（氧气体积与煤（干基）质量之比）期望值约为0.655 Nm3/kg,生产中为保证液态排渣,氧煤比应控制在0.663 Nm3/kg左右。该通用网络模型计算速度快,适用于建立气化炉的动态模型。     

撞击流反应器内微观混合过程的研究

采用α－萘酚与对氨基苯磺酸重氮盐的偶合竞争串联二级反应体系,在４种型式的两喷嘴对置同轴撞击流反应器内研究了喷嘴中心和环隙射流的动量比、射流速度、喷嘴间距、反应器容积对撞击流反应器内微观混合过程的影响。结果表明：增大喷嘴中心和环隙射流的动量比可改善微观混合状态;在撞击区特征停留时间处于０．０３－１．０ｓ的实验范围内存在一最佳特征停留时间ｔＲＣ,当ｔＲ〈ｔＲＣ时,减少ｔＲ并不能有效改善微观混合状况;当     

德士古气化炉气化反应过程的数值模拟与特性分析

利用Fluent软件对德士古水煤浆气化炉进行数值模拟仿真。用Finite Rate/Eddy-Dissipation（有限速率/涡耗散）模型求解气化过程;用Standard k-ε湍流模型封闭动量方程;用DPM（离散相）模型设置并求解煤粉燃烧的多步焦炭反应;用P-1辐射模型模拟气化炉内辐射特性。通过比较模型预测的数据与工业数据的差别,证实了模型的有效性。在此模型基础上考察了煤浆流量、氧气流量和煤浆浓度三者之间的耦合关系和中心氧体积分数对出口气体组成、有效气产率、温度及碳转化率的影响规律,为提高煤气有效成分、碳转化率和保证生产安全提供参考依据。     

德士古气化炉冷态流场测试

在出口端结构、尺寸各异的六种有机玻璃容器(φ320×8mm,长为1182mm、1680mm)中,用激光多普勒测速仪,测定了不同射流量时的轴向速度分布,并计算了回流量、涡眼位置以及回流区的起止轴向位置。得到了筒体长度、直径、出口结构以及射流量对速度分布和回流量的影响结果,从而揭示出德士古气化炉内的流动状况,认为德士古气化炉中流场是影响化学反应结果的重要因素。     

变换型煤用于制造低含量CO水煤气气化的研究

在小型单管气化反应炉内进行了本题的研究。用粉煤和变换剂制成的型煤进行了水煤气气化反应试验，考察了变换剂种类添加量，气化反应温度，反应时间，蒸汽流量对煤气组成的产气率的影响。结果表明，Ｃａ基变换剂可使煤气ＣＯ含量ψ降低０．１０左右，Ｃａ－Ｎａ复合变换剂还可显著提高煤气产率。     

通气策略对腹腔镜手术病人肺内分流及氧合的影响

目的：观察不同潮气量（VT）、呼吸频率（F）、吸呼比（I：E）等通气参数对腹腔镜手术病人肺内分流及氧合情况的影响。方法：25例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级全麻下择期腹腔镜手术患者随机分为3组,麻醉诱导药物相同,呼吸机参数VT=8ml／kg,F=15次／min,I：E=1：2。气腹后通气参数设定分别为A组VT=10ml／kg。F=12次／min,I：E=1：3;B组VT=6ml／kg,F=20次／min,I：E=1：2;C组同气腹前。分别于气腹前、后测定混合静脉血和动脉血血气,计算各组气腹前后的肺泡气动脉血氧分压差[P（A-a）O2]、呼吸指数（RI）、肺内分流（QS／QT）及氧摄取率（ERO2）。结果：气腹后C组RI增加（P〈0.05）,A、C两组的P（A-a）O2升高（P〈0．05）,ERO2下降（P〈0．05）,而QS／QT增加（P〈0．05）,尤以A组QS／QT,增加显著（P〈0.01）。但各组数据组间比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：A、B、C3种通气策略对腹腔镜手术病人的P（A-a）O2、QS／QT、ERO2和RI等方面的影响无大差别。     

低灰熔点煤的高温气化反应性能

在常压、温度为800～1400℃范围内，以二氧化碳为气化剂，研究了我国神府、后布连、东胜3种煤焦的高温气化反应特性。结果表明：气化反应速率与温度的关系可以分成3个区域，低温区为反应动力学控制区，反应速率符合Arrhenius方程；中温区为内扩散严重影响区，其表观活化能约为反应动力学控制区活化能的一半；而在气化温度高于1150℃的高温区，同一温度下随碳转化率的提高气化速率的差异逐渐加大，活化能下降，反应速率随气化温度的增加反而降低。     

导向喷动流化床生物质快速裂解制液体燃料

在冷模试验得到的优化的结构参数基础上，建立了一套生物质最大处理量为5kg／h的导向管喷动流化床生物质裂解反应器。反应在常压和440～520℃进行，以木屑为生物质原料，二氧化碳和氮气为喷动气或流化气，沙子为流化介质。结果表明该喷动流化床反应器可用于生物质的快速裂解。在400～480℃，液体产率随温度增加而上升，高于480℃时，二次反应的加剧又导致液体产品产率下降。固体和气体的产率则随温度的升高而减少。喷动气和流化气流量的增加均强化了反应器内的传热，并使生物质初始裂解产物的停留时间减少，二次反应进行程度减弱。在适当的裂解条件下液体产率可达73．2％，此时气体和焦的产率分别为12．8％和14．0％。所得液体产品为单一相液体，含水约30％，可用于燃烧。与流化床相比，喷动流化床作为生物质快速裂解反应器可明显提高液体产率。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.