煤和煤焦在压力下加氢气化的动力学研究——Ⅰ.温度的影响

在固定床加压反应器和加压热天平上,对五种中国气化用煤及其煤焦进行了加氢气化的动力学研究。发现在升温过程中各类产品气体的生成速率都随温度而变化,甲烷和乙烷的生成速率在600℃左右可达到最大值。沈北、蔚县煤焦在850～1000℃,2.1 MPa下加氢反应的表观活化能分别为108和95kJ/mol。随着煤焦制备温度的提高,煤焦加氢反应的平均比气化速率和最终转化率都下降。     

加压下煤焦与二氧化碳反应的动力学研究

本文用试制成的加压热天平,测定了八种中国煤在900℃时制成的煤焦在1.2-31 at.和800-1050℃与CO_2反应的活性。结果表明活性同煤品位有很好的相关性,年轻煤的活性大于年老煤。研究了活性随热处理温度(800—1100℃)的变化。在同一气化温度,活性有规则地随制备温度的降低而增加,在同一热处理温度时,活性随气化温度的增加而增加。计算了表观活化能和制备活化能。由1.2—31 at.850—900℃一种褐煤焦在CO—CO_2混合物中气化得到的结果,关联成下列模型: W=K_1Pco_2/1 K_2Pco K_3Pco_2也讨论了比气化速率和炭转化率的关系。     

程序升温热重法研究神府高温煤焦-CO2气化反应性

在制焦温度为1223~1773 K内,制备了慢速和快速神府煤焦,采用程序升温热重法研究了煤焦-CO2高温气化反应性。主要研究了升温速率、制焦温度和热解速率对煤焦反应性的影响,并对一种高温慢速热解焦(制焦温度为1573 K)的程序升温和等温动力学进行了比较。结果表明:升温速率对煤焦-CO2气化反应有明显影响;制焦温度较高的煤焦反应性较低;快速热解有利于提高煤焦的反应性;由程序升温法和等温法所得活化能随转化率变化呈现不同的趋势,但所得活化能的平均值分别为160.13 kJ/mol和163.21 kJ/mol,十分接近。     

聚亚苯基苯并二唑在双螺杆挤出机中的 后聚合反应动力学

通过正交分析的实验方法,考察了在螺杆挤出机中反应温度、螺杆转速、反应时间对聚亚苯基苯并二唑(PBO)后聚合反应速率的影响。结果显示：在3个影响因素中,温度影响最大,其次是反应时间,转速影响最小。并研究了PBO后聚合反应动力学,发现PBO双螺杆挤出机后聚合反应为扩散速率控制过程,其动力学符合不可逆二级化学反应机理。随着缩聚温度的增加,反应速率增加,反应温度从160 ℃提高到190 ℃,反应速率常数可提高4倍,测得反应活化能为84.4 kJ/mol。     

聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯的热重分析

用热重分析法（TGA）探讨聚对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯（PBT）热降解的动力学，揭示了PBT的热稳定性、热解反应级数和热解活化能。以高纯度氮气为载气，在不同载气流量、不同升温速率下对PBT进行降解，通过失重曲线和微商曲线分析其结构的稳定性，建立反应动力学方程。结果表明：PBT作为工程塑料在高温下有较好的稳定性，在N2中降解过程为一阶失重，流量对降解几乎没有影响；增大升温速率，分解的起始温度、失重平衡温度和最大失重率温度均呈增加趋势。PBT的热解可分为两个阶段，降解前期，即失重率在25％～50％之前，可视为零级反应，其平均活化能为261．3kJ／mol，降解反应的中后期直至完全降解，可视为一级反应，其平均活化能为186．7kJ／mol。升温速率对两段降解的温度区间划分有影响，随着升温速率增加，零级反应温度范围逐渐扩大。     

环碳酸酯模型化合物与胺反应的动力学研究

以聚乙二醇单甲醚(mPEG)、丁二酸酐以及碳酸甘油酯为原料,合成了端基为五元环碳酸酯的聚乙二醇功能性大单体(mPEGGC);以mPEGGC为碳酸酯模型化合物,研究了碳酸酯与不同类型的胺在不同温度下反应的速率常数及其动力学活化能。结果表明：碳酸酯的转化率随时间的延长、胺的用量增大、反应温度的升高而增加,随反应物浓度的增加先增加后降低;正庚胺与mPEGGC反应的活化能最低(5.63 kJ/mol);在相同温度下,环己胺与碳酸酯的反应速率常数大于2氨基庚烷与碳酸酯体系的反应速率常数。     

PVC的热失重和热解动力学

热重法对PVC树脂的热解研究表明，热解过程可分为3个阶段，250～350℃为第一失重阶段、350～400℃为稳定阶段、400～550℃为第二失重阶段；升温速率对热解有较显著的影响，随升温速率的增加，Tb、Tf和Tm随之提高，但各阶段的失重率并不改变；气氛对热解有重要的影响，在含氧气氛中总失重约为100%，而氢气中的总失重最低。热解动力学研究表明，PVC的热解为一级反应过程，3个阶段的热解活化能受气氛影响稍有差异，分别为170～200kJ／mol、10～20kJ／mol和50～80kJ／mol，各阶段活化能的较大幅度变化说明各阶段热解反应机理是不同的。     

穿琥宁的水解动力学研究

目的 研究穿琥宁溶液的水解动力学特征。方法 使用HPLC法测定穿琥宁水溶液在不同药物浓度，不同pH值的缓冲溶液，不同缓冲对溶液，不同离子强度，不同温度下的水解动力学参数。结果 穿琥宁水解反应符合一级动力学方程。随着pH值增加，穿琥宁降解速率明显增加，在碱性条件下不稳定；随着缓冲溶液浓度的增加，穿琥宁降解速率显著增加；不同的缓冲溶液对穿琥宁降解的催化作用不同；离子强度对穿琥宁降解无显著影响。由阿仑尼乌斯曲线可以看到，温度对穿琥宁的稳定性具有重要影响，穿琥宁在pH8、磷酸缓冲溶液、温度60～90℃下的活化能为95．68KJ／mol。结论 穿琥宁水解属于一级降解反应。降解速率与溶液pH值、缓冲液的浓度、缓冲液的种类及温度有关，溶液pH值对穿琥宁水解影响显著。     

FeCl_3溶液浸取辉锑矿工艺过程的研究——Ⅱ.浸取动力学

在60～100℃、粒径180μm～55μm、FeCl_3溶液浓度0.5～2.0 mol/L范围内,研究了辉锑矿的浸取动力学,并获得了动力学参数。浸取反应的表观活化能为67 kJ/mol,反应速率对C_(FeCl_3)来说是2/3级。浸取反应为化学反应控制。     

Fe3O4氧化制备γ—Fe2O3磁粉过程动力学

通过对文题的研究，发现反应初期为动力学控制，对［Ｆｅ２＋］为三级反应，频率因子为３．８７×１０１２１ｍｉｎ－１，活化能为１０９．８ｋＪ／ｍｏ１；反应后期为传质控制，对［Ｆｅ２＋］为一级反应，频率因子为５．８７×１０６ｍｉｎ－１，活化能为３５．５ｋＪ／ｍｏｌ。氧分压对宏观反应速率影响不显著，在整个反应过程中反应速率对［Ｏ２］为０．２级反应。还得到了氧化过程的优化串级温度序列。     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

Dr.Zhang Ren''''s Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

Luo Lingjie''''s Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性的影响

目的 探讨猪肺磷脂注射液联合经鼻持续气道正压通气(NCPAP)对呼吸衰竭早产儿的临床疗效及肌酸激酶同工酶活性(CK-MB)的影响.方法 选取呼吸衰竭早产儿80例,分为观察组和对照组各40例.对照组采用NCPAP给氧治疗,观察组给予NCPAP给氧联合猪肺磷脂气管内给药.观察两组患儿治疗前及治疗12h、24 h后PaO2、PaCO2、血氧饱和度(SaO2)、pH的变化情况,检测治疗前及治疗5d后血清CK-MB水平;评估两组患儿的临床治疗效果.结果 两组患儿PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2、pH比较,差异均有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其中观察组治疗后的PaO2、SaO2、pH均高于对照组,PaCO2则低于对照组.两组的PaO2、SaO2、pH均随观察时间延长而升高(P＜0.05),PaCO2均随观察时间的延长而降低(P＜0.05).观察组治疗有效率为87.5％,显著高于对照组的70.0％ (P ＜0.05).治疗5d后两组患儿血清CK-MB水平均较前降低(P＜0.05),且观察组明显低于对照组(P＜0.05).结论 猪肺磷脂注射液气管内给药联合NCPAP可以显著降低呼吸衰竭早产儿CK-MB的含量,提高治疗有效率,起到很好的呼吸循环支持作用.     

Survey and practice of reporting quality of randomized controlled clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine

Evidence obtained from randomized controlled trials （RCTs） has been generally accepted as the gold standard in the evaluation of clinical effectiveness. Readers need to understand the trial design, implementation, results, analysis and interpretation, so as to fully Jnderstand the results of RCTs. Thus, the investigators of RCTs have to report these items in a complete, accurate and clear manner. Since 1998, we have conducted several evaluations on the reporting quality of RCTs published in Chinese journals on traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） and results have shown that there is an urgent need for higher quality RCTs on TCM.     

TCM Treatment of Ankylosing Spondylitis by Tonifying the Kidney and Strengthening the Governor Vessel

Ankylosing spondylitis is a chronic and progressive disorder with inflammation mainly involving the central axis joints. It mainly affects the cervical spine and the lumbosacral area, with the pathogenesis closely related to the kidney and the Governor Vessel (GV). TCM holds that the syndrome is deficiency in origin and excess in superficiality, which is due to insufficiency of the kidney, deficiency of GV, and blocking of the channels with the invasion of exogenous evil, leading to poor circulation of qi and blood and malnutrition of the bones, muscles and joints. The TCM method of tonifying the kidney and strengthening GV to regulate circulation of qi and blood and check the arthralgia pain should be adopted, with the Kidney-Tonifying and GV Strengthening Decoction (益肾强督汤) prescribed.     

IMPROVING P-gp EXPRESSION IN HUMAN MONONUCLEAR CELLS IN VITRO TRANSFECTED BY MULTIDRUG RESISTANCE-1 mRNA

CHEMOTHERAPY playsa greatrolein the treat- ment of malignanttumors,especiallyingynecolo- gicalones.But inanticancerchemotherapy,leuko-cytopeniaisfrequentlytheprimarydose-limitingsideeffect factor.Moreover,cancersarefrequentlychemoresistantbe-causeof overexpressionof P-glycoprotein(P-gp), which isencodedby multidrugresistancegene (MDR1 ) and detectableinup to50% ofhuman cancersand renderscellsresistancetoanticancerdrugs.The safetyand potentialtherapeuticbenefitof mdr1 gene transferredto h…