改良超滤在重症心脏瓣膜替换术中的应用

目的探讨改良超滤在重症心脏瓣膜置换术体外循环（extracorporeal circulation,ECC）中的应用价值。方法 2009年1月～11月我院共行心脏瓣膜置换术165例。随机分为改良超滤（MUF）组（n=89）和无超滤对照组（n=76）,动态观察体外循环（CPB）前、CPB停时及MUF结束时（对照组为CPB停后15min）3个时间点心排量（CO）、心排指数（CI）等心功能指标。结果 MUF组患者超滤时间为35～115min,滤出液量600～1800ml。所有患者在停ECC时血细胞比容得到提高（〉28%）,关胸时术野渗血明显减少,MUF组超滤后CO、CI均较CPB停时明显升高（P〈0.05）;对照组停CPB时与CPB停后15min相比,各项指标差异无统计学意义。MUF组超滤结束后与对照组CPB停后15min相比,CI升高显著（P〈0.05）。且MUF组患者术后肺部并发症减少,呼吸机辅助时间6～10h,对照组呼吸机辅助时间8～18h,在重症监护室住院时间MUF组为2～4d,对照组为3～6d。结论 ECC中应用改良超滤方法可迅速排除体内过多的水分和中小分子炎性因子等有害成分,能迅速浓缩血液,同时减轻患者术后各脏器水肿,减少术后各脏器并发症,有利于心、肺及全身各脏器功能的恢复,提高手术的安全性,降低患者监护室住院时间。     

超滤在重症心脏瓣膜置换术体外循环中的临床应用

目的探讨超滤在重症心脏瓣膜置换术体外循环(Extracorporeal c ircu lation,ECC)中的临床应用价值。方法2004年1月~12月中南大学湘雅二医院共行心脏瓣膜置换术500例,对其中123例重症心脏瓣膜置换术患者在ECC中应用超滤脱水技术。超滤是在ECC开始平稳后或机体复温后进行。结果全组病例超滤时间为35~195(46±52)m in,滤出液量800~10000(2300±824)m l。所有病例停ECC时红细胞压积得到提高,关胸时术野渗血减少,患者术后肺部并发症减少,恢复平稳。结论ECC中应用超滤方法可迅速排除体内过多的水分和中小分子炎性介质等有害成分,能迅速浓缩血液,减轻患者术后各脏器水肿,减少术后各脏器并发症,有利于心、肺功能恢复,提高手术的安全性。     

改良超滤与零平衡超滤对高风险心脏瓣膜置换术患者术后心肺功能的影响

目的比较改良超滤与零平衡超滤对高风险心脏瓣膜置换术患者术后心肺功能的影响。方法 90例高风险心脏瓣膜病患者用随机数字表法分为两组,改良超滤组(MUF组)和零平衡超滤组(ZUF组),每组45例。比较两组患者主动脉阻断时间、超滤时间、超滤总量、术中输血量,观察体外循环(CPB)前、CPB后,改良超滤结束后氧分压(PO_2)与二氧化碳分压(PCO_2)、红细胞比容(Hct)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素6(IL-6)的变化;术后观察指标包括术后呼吸机辅助时间、ICU停留时间、术后一周左心室射血分数、多巴胺用量与持续时间、术后24 h心肌酶谱与肌钙蛋白I、肌钙蛋白T的变化。结果 90例患者均顺利完成手术,MUF组超滤时间和滤液总量少于ZUF组(P0.05),术中需要输入悬浮红细胞的量少于ZUF组(P0.05);MUF组患者超滤结束后PO_2与Hct显著高于ZUF组,PCO_2两组间无差异;TNF-α与IL-6在CPB结束与超滤结束后ZUF组低于MUF组(P0.05);MUF组术后呼吸机辅助时间、多巴胺用量与多巴胺使用时间上均短于ZUF组(P0.05)。结论虽然零平衡超滤可以降低炎性因子水平,但改良超滤较零平衡超滤更适用于高风险心脏瓣膜置换术患者,可以明显增加术后PO_2与Hct水平、减少术中输血量,缩短术后呼吸机辅助时间、多巴胺用量与多巴胺使用时间。     

零平衡超滤对心脏瓣膜置换术后患者肺功能的影响

目的评估体外循环(Extracorporeal c ircu lation,ECC)中采用零平衡超滤对成人心脏瓣膜病术后肺功能的影响。方法2004年5月至2005年2月,二尖瓣置换术或二尖瓣与主动脉瓣联合置换术的患者40例,每组20例;对照组不做任何形式的超滤;试验组ECC中行零平衡超滤,超滤量约60 m l/kg,平均3 417 m l/人。分别在诱导后、ECC结束后2 h、24 h和48 h测定肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)的浓度。在术前、诱导后、ECC结束后2 h、12 h、24 h和48 h监测肺泡-动脉血氧分压差P(A-a)O2;监测术前、诱导后、ECC结束后2 h、12 h、24 h、48 h的肺动脉压力;记录术后呼吸支持时间。结果两组均无死亡,对照组二次ECC 1例;试验组的术后呼吸支持时间明显少于对照组(P<0.05);两组间TNF-α浓度在诱导后、ECC结束后48 h没有显著性差异,而在ECC结束后2 h,试验组要低于对照组(P<0.05);ECC结束后24 h,试验组也明显低于对照组(P<0.01);肺泡动脉血氧分压差在ECC结束后2 h,试验组要低于对照组(P<0.05);两组的肺动脉压力均无显著性差异;结论ECC中采用零平衡超滤对心脏瓣膜病患者ECC术后的肺功能有一定程度的保护作用。     

抑肽酶和乌司他丁在体外循环中抗炎作用的比较

目的 比较抑肽酶和乌司他丁在心脏手术体外循环(extracorporeal circulation,ECC)中的抗炎作用.方法 选择60例心脏瓣膜置换手术患者,ASAⅡ-Ⅲ级,按随机数字表法分为乌司他T组(U组)、抑肽酶组(A组)和空白对照组(C组),每组20例.于ECC前15 min(T1)、开放升主动脉后10 min(T2)、ECC结束后30 min(T3)、ECC结束后60 min(T4)4个时点取颈内静脉血测定下列指标:血浆IL-6、IL-8、IL-10及肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)浓度.分析3组各时点炎性因子的变化.结果 3组血浆IL-6、IL-8、IL-10、TNF-α浓度在T2、T3、T4时点均明显高于T1时点(P<0.01);血浆IL-6、IL-8、TN-α浓度在T1、T2、T3、T4时点U组明显低于A、C组(P<0.05,P<0.01),A组明显低于C组(P<0.05);血浆IL-10浓度在T2、T3、T4时点U组、A组明显高于C组(P<0.05,P<0.01),U组明显低于A组(P<0.05).结论 乌司他丁和抑肽酶在ECC中都能抑制炎性因子的产生,并可上调抗炎因子表达.乌司他丁在抑制炎性因子的产生方面强于抑肽酶,而抑肽酶上调抗炎因子表达的作用优于乌司他丁.两者都可有效抑制ECC诱发的炎性反应.     

复合超滤对瓣膜置换术后心功能的影响

目的 探讨应用复合超滤对改善凤湿性心脏病患者体外循环（extracoporeal circulation,ECC）瓣膜置换术后心功能的临床效果。方法 60例行二尖瓣置换的患者随机分为四组：常规超滤组（CUF组,n=15）、改良超滤组（MUF组,n=15）、零平衡超滤组（ZUF组,n=15）和复合超滤组（M＋Z组,n=15）。分别检测各组围术期呼吸机辅助时间（MAT）、心脏指数（CI）及炎性介质肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）和白细胞介素-8（IL-8）的浓度。结果 术后M＋Z组呼吸机支持时间较MUF组、ZUF组和CUF组短（P〈0.05）;M＋Z组术后2h、12h、24h、48h心脏指数（CI）较ZUF组、MUF组和CUF组高（P〈0.05）;M＋Z组和ZUF组停机及术后2h、12h、24h TNF-α和IL-8浓度较MUF组和CUF组明显降低（P〈0.05）。结论 复合超滤较单一超滤方法能较好地降低炎性反应,改善瓣膜置换术患者术后心功能。     

体外循环中应用超滤对术后肺损伤影响的研究

目的探讨零平衡超滤(Z-BUF)对体外循环肺损伤的保护作用。方法选择40例心脏瓣膜置换术患者,随机分为超滤组(20例)和对照组(20例)。2组麻醉方法、手术方式和体外循环技术均相同。超滤组在体外循环(CPB)开始1 min时实施Z-BUF,输入林格氏液,控制超滤量为35 ml/kg,维持滤出液和输入液量平衡,持续40 min。对照组作常规体外循环。分别于CPB前、CPB停止即刻、术后2 h、6 h2、4 h采集动脉血,应用双抗体夹心ELISA法测定血浆肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白介素6(IL-6)、白介素-10(IL-10),测定结果用Hct校正。计算呼吸指数(RI)和肺泡氧合指数(OI)。结果 2组患者围术期一般情况比较差异无统计学意义。2组患者TNF-αI、L-6和IL-10在CPB停机后明显升高,术后2 h达高峰,随后逐渐下降,对照组术后24 h仍明显高于CPB前水平,超滤组明显低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。2组患者呼吸指数和肺泡氧合指数(OI)CPB后比麻醉诱导时增高,对照组升幅明显高于超滤组(P<0.05)。结论体外循环中采用零平衡超滤可改善肺功能,抑制炎症因子IL-6和TNF-α的产生,并能促进抗炎因子IL-10的释放,从而减轻体外循环后肺损伤和通气功能障碍,保护并改善术后肺功能。     

复合超滤对小儿先天性心脏病术后肺功能的影响

目的探讨复合应用改良超滤和零平衡超滤对改善小儿先天性心脏病体外循环(extracorporeal circulation,ECC)术后肺功能的临床效果。方法60例行室间隔缺损修补术(VSD)的患儿随机分为四组:常规超滤组(CUF组,n=15)、改良超滤组(MUF组,n=15)、零平衡超滤组(ZUF组,n=15)和改良超滤 零平衡超滤组(M Z组,n=15)。分别检测各组围术期红细胞压积(Hct),呼吸功能氧合指数(OI),肺泡-动脉血氧分压差(P(A-a)O2),呼吸机辅助时间(MAT)及炎性介质肿瘤坏死因子α(TNF-α)和白细胞介素-6(IL-6)的浓度。结果术后各组Hct无显著性差异(P>0.05);M Z组、ZUF组和MUF组术后1 h,6 h,12 h,24 h OI高于CUF组(P<0.05),而M Z组术后1 h,6 h,12 h,24 h P(A-a)O2较ZUF组、MUF组和CUF组低(P<0.05);M Z组术后呼吸机支持时间较MUF组、ZUF组和CUF组短(P<0.05);M Z组和ZUF组停机及术后2 h,12 h,24 h TNF-α和IL-6浓度较MUF组和CUF组明显降低(P<0.05)。结论零平衡超滤加改良超滤较单一超滤方法能较好地改善小儿先天性心脏病患者术后肺功能,降低体内炎性介质浓度。     

改良超滤对成人重症心脏瓣膜置换术的影响

目的 探讨改良超滤技术(MUF)在成人重症心脏瓣膜置换术中的影响.方法 50例重症心脏瓣膜病患者随机分为实验组(MUF组,n=25)和对照组(CUF组, n=25),在术中分别采用改良超滤和常规超滤 (CUF),对两组术后早期临床资料进行对比研究.结果 两组间的红细胞比容(Hct)在术前、超滤前差异无统计学意义(P>0.05) ,在超滤后MUF组高于CUF组(P<0.01),MUF组术后出血及库血使用均低于CUF 组(P<0.05) ,术后血流动力学较平稳,呼吸机支持时间较短,术后24 h 尿量明显减少.但术后ICU滞留时间、病人下床活动时间以及术后出院时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 改良超滤可在手术后短时间内浓缩血液,提高Hct, 改善肺功能,减少出血和库血使用,但不能改善患者远期预后.     

平衡超滤加改良超滤对20例婴幼儿体外循环术后肺功能的影响

目的 观察平衡超滤(BUF)加改良超滤(MUF)对婴幼儿体外循环术(CPB)后肺功能的影响.方法 40例先天性心脏病患儿,随机分成平衡超滤加改良超滤(BUF+MUF)组及常规超滤(CUF)组,各20例.测定两组超滤前、后的HCT,根据血气分析结果及FiO2计算术后2 h的氧合指数(OI),记录两组术后输血量及呼吸机辅助呼吸时间(MAT),分别在手术开始前、CPB结束、术后3、6、24 h采集桡动脉血测定肿瘤坏死因子(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-8(IL-8).结果 (BUF+MUF)组超滤后的HCT明显高于CUF组,(BUF+MUF)组术后2 h的OI较CUF组高,呼吸机辅助呼吸时间亦明显短于CUF组.停机时及术后各时间点的TNF-α和IL-8水平,( BUF+MUF)组低于CUF组.结论 平衡超滤加改良超滤能提高术后HCT及OI,缩短MAT,并能有效降低TNF-α、IL-8的水平,减轻全身炎症反应,使患儿能在术后尽早脱机,减少CPB术后并发症,促进术后肺功能的恢复.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.