下颈椎脱位早期前路手术复位疗效分析

目的观察下颈椎小关节脱位早期治疗选择前路手术复位、植骨融合内固定术的临床效果。方法早期前路切开颅骨牵引下旋转撬拨复位,一期椎间植骨融合内固定41例。结果一期复位成功36例,失败5例,成功率87.8%。33例获6～24个月随访,植骨均融合,无内固定松动及滑脱。神经损伤均有不同程度恢复。结论早期前路手术复位植骨融合内固定术优于手法复位及颅骨牵引复位,手术可早期进行,术后并发症少,康复良好,并可减轻护理难度。     

渐进性大重量牵引在下颈椎脱位前路手术中的应用

目的探讨渐进性大重量牵引对下颈椎脱位前路手术疗效的影响。方法38例下颈椎脱位患者入院后行渐进性大重量颅骨牵引复位,难以复位者辅以小关节突切除,前路植骨融合,钢板内固定术治疗。结果38例患者牵引复位成功36例,2例复位未成功者均伴有小关节突交锁,先行小关节突切除,再行前路植骨融合后钢板内固定。本组病例前路手术均获骨性融合,未出现内固定松动、断裂、脱落等现象。结论采用大重量颅骨牵引,难以复位者辅以小关节突切除,复位后行前路植骨融合,钢板内固定术治疗下颈椎脱位,疗效满意。     

一期全麻下轴向牵引复位结合前路手术治疗伴有关节突交锁的下颈椎脱位

目的探讨应用全身麻醉下轴向牵引结合前路手术治疗伴有关节突交锁的下颈椎脱位。方法对18例伴有关节突交锁的下颈椎脱位采用全麻下轴向牵引复位结合前路手术治疗,无椎间盘突出患者行前路植骨融合内固定;伴有椎间盘突出患者,采用了前路减压复位,植骨融合内固定进行治疗。结果对于四肢不完全瘫患者,神经功能有不同程度改善,所有脱位颈椎恢复正常序列。结论对于伴有不伴有后方结构骨折的关节突交锁的下颈椎损伤,全身麻醉下轴向牵引结合一期前路手术是一种简便、安全、有效的治疗方法。     

下颈椎骨折脱位并关节突交锁的手术方式选择

目的：探讨下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突交锁的手术方式选择。方法：对68例下颈椎骨折脱位合并关节突交锁患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。其中单侧小关节脱位33例,双侧小关节脱位35例。美国脊髓损伤学会（ASIA）评分：A级5例,B级11例,C级9例,D级10例。所有患者均于术前行颅骨牵引,关节突交锁复位的则行前路减压植骨融合内固定术治疗,否则,则行后路切开撬拨复位或关节突切除复位固定,前路植骨融合内固定术。结果：术中均无大血管、气管、食道、脊髓意外损伤。平均随访41．5个月,所有患者均复位良好,颈椎椎间高度和生理曲度维持良好,术后6个月后植骨全部融合,无钢板螺钉并发症。不完全性脊髓损伤患者术后神经功能均有一定程度恢复。结论：手术治疗下颈椎骨折脱位并关节突交锁疗效确切,根据损伤的具体类型采用适合的手术方式是手术成功的关键。     

早期复位减压治疗颈椎关节突交锁脱位

目的探讨早期复位减压治疗颈椎关节突交锁脱位的治疗效果。方法颈椎关节突交锁脱位伴截瘫24例,颅骨牵引复位成功19例,复位失败5例。24例均进行早期手术减压治疗,受伤至手术的平均时间为70h。复位成功的19例施行前路减压、植骨内固定;复位失败的5例先行后路切开复位,然后一期前路减压、植骨内固定。结果全部患者均骨性愈合,无并发症发生,除全瘫者神经功能无恢复外,不全瘫者均有不同程度的恢复。结论颈椎关节突交锁脱位患者施行早期复位减压手术治疗可获得满意的疗效。     

术中颅骨牵引结合撬拨助推技术在治疗单节段下颈椎关节突绞锁中的应用

正下颈椎骨折脱位常伴有单侧或双侧关节突绞锁~([1]),如何在较短时间内以安全简单的方法使绞锁的关节突复位,是治疗下颈椎骨折脱位手术的难点之一。我们采用术中颅骨牵引结合撬拨助推技术辅助下行颈前路复位椎间融合内固定术治疗单节段下颈椎关节突绞锁患者30例,临床效果良好,总结报告如下。临床资料30例患者中,男18例,女12例;年龄18~76岁(38.5±0.3岁);交通事故伤15例,重物砸伤6     

单纯前路手术治疗下颈椎脱位

目的探讨早期单纯前路手术治疗下颈椎脱位的临床疗效;方法对2005—06—2011—08收治的41例下颈椎脱位患者,采用颅骨牵引下复位或术中复位,单纯行前路减压,钛网或自体髂骨块植骨融合,前路钢板固定治疗。结果所有病例均得到良好复位,根据x线片定期检查结果,颈椎生理弧度及椎间隙高度良好,植骨融合确切,未出现内固定失用。术后随访10～28个月,Frankel分级显示,绝大部分患者术后神经功能得到不同程度的改善;结论早期行单纯前路手术治疗下颈椎脱位,可获得良好的解剖学复位,能有效地解除脊髓压迫,使脊柱获得即刻稳定。     

颈椎360°手术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位

[目的]探讨颈椎一期前-后-前入路360°手术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位的临床疗效和应用价值。[方法]11例严重下颈椎骨折脱位患者,在颅骨牵引下经鼻腔气管插管全身麻醉下进行手术。首先采用仰卧位,经颈椎前路摘除脱位椎间的椎间盘和其他致压物;然后变换体位为俯卧位,经后路手术切开撬拨复位,采用侧块螺钉固定脱位椎节并植骨融合;最后将患者重新置仰卧位,经颈椎前路彻底清除残留的椎间盘和上下终板,常规髂骨块植骨及自锁钛板内固定。术后定期复查X线片以观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,以Frankel分级判定脊髓功能的恢复情况。[结果]术后11例患者全部获得随访,随访8～32个月,平均17.6个月。颈椎脱位均完全复位,无植骨不融合。未出现内固定断裂、松动及脱落,无血管、神经、食道损伤等并发症。无1例出现神经损伤加重,Frankel分级平均提高0.8级。[结论]颈椎一期360°手术治疗严重下颈椎骨折脱位,可以完全恢复颈椎序列,解除颈髓压迫,损伤节段术后获得即刻稳定,不易造成脊髓损伤加重,可为脊髓功能恢复创造有利条件。     

颅骨牵引复位配合前路减压融合治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁

目的探讨颅骨牵引复位配合颈前路减压融合与前路撑开撬拨复位固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁的效果。方法回顾性分析我院2015年7月至2016年6月收治的68例下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁患者的资料,根据不同的治疗方式分为观察组和对照组,各34例。观察组采用颅骨牵引复位配合颈前路减压融合方式进行治疗,对照组采用前路撑开撬拨复位固定方式进行治疗。比较分析两组患者手术情况、治疗前后运动功能及感觉功能、术后并发症情况。结果观察组手术用时(95.46±10.86)min,术中出血量(95.28±6.12)mL,对照组分别为(125.83±16.94)min、(116.81±13.41)mL,两组比较,P0.05。观察组美国脊髓损伤协会(American spinal injury association,ASIA)运动功能及感觉功能评分(85.09±11.78)分、(115.55±16.78)分,对照组则分别为(63.97±10.47)分、(96.99±1 4.27)分,两组比较,P0.05。治疗后随访发现,观察组并发症总发生率14.71%,同样低于对照组的41.18%,P0.05。结论颅骨牵引复位配合颈前路减压融合方案治疗下颈椎骨折脱位伴关节突绞锁与前路撑开撬拨复位固定治疗方案相比效果更加显著,且可有效解除关节突绞锁,恢复脊髓功能,同时有效避免医源性脊髓损伤的发生,提升机体神经功能,值得推广应用。     

前路手术治疗颈椎关节突交锁脱位及继发性颈椎不稳

下颈椎损伤后常引起小关节突脱位,容易发生颈髓损伤和颈椎不稳。治疗的主要目的在于恢复颈椎的解部顺序,获得颈椎稳定性,恢复残存的神经功能。1995～2003年,本院对下颈椎小关节突脱位患者常规在X线透视监护下行大重量颅骨牵引闭合复位,然后予前路手术植骨融合或行前路手术切开复位并植骨融合内固定术,取得了良好的临床效果,现报告如下。     

Immediate open anterior reduction and antero-posterior fixation/fusion for bilateral cervical locked facets

Summary Background. Bilateral cervical locked facets is a severe traumatic lesion, most frequently resulting in tetraplegia. The common treatment strategy has been an attempt of awake, closed reduction, adding general anesthesia, muscle relaxation and manual traction in difficult cases. In cases of failed closed reduction, open reduction has most commonly been performed by a posterior approach. Patients in the current series have been managed by immediate open anterior reduction and circumferential fixation/fusion. The technique is described and its potential advantages are discussed.Method. Five consecutive patients with traumatic bilateral cervical locked facets are reported. The injury level was C4/5 in one and C5/6 in four patients. Four patients had initial tetraplegia, one patient was neurogically intact. All patients underwent immediate open anterior reduction by interbody distraction and gentle manual traction, followed by circumferential fixation/fusion. Mean follow-up was 15 months.Findings. Immediate anterior open reduction was rapidly and reliably achieved in all five patients. No surgical complication occurred. All patients showed fusion at the three-month follow-up. All four tetraplegic patients regained at least one functional root level, but remained tetraplegic.Conclusion. Immediate open anterior reduction of bilateral cervical locked facets and combined antero-posterior fixation/fusion was safe and reliable. This treatment strategy avoids time loss and patient discomfort from attempted closed reduction by traction, obviates the need for external immobilization, and results in an excellent fusion rate.     

手术治疗严重上颈椎骨折脱位的疗效分析

目的探讨手术治疗严重上颈椎骨折脱位的临床疗效和应用价值。方法采用前后路手术以及颈椎前路钢板和后路钉棒枕颈融合联合复位技术治疗32例严重上颈椎骨折脱位患者。前后路联合手术均在颅骨牵引下经鼻腔气管插管全身麻醉下进行,患者先采用俯卧位,后路植入侧块螺钉、减压、复位,恢复颈椎的序列,植骨融合后拆除颅骨牵引改置仰卧位行前路减压、植骨及自锁钛板固定。术后定期复查X线片观察损伤节段的稳定性和融合率,以Frankel分级判定脊髓神经功能的恢复情况。结果 Frankel分级除6例A级者及3例D级者外,其余患者均有1~2级提高,其中9例达到E级。32例中有3例于术后1个月内死亡,29例获得6~32个月随访。脱位均完全复位,无植骨不融合。损伤节段稳定,颈椎椎间高度及生理曲度都得到良好重建及维持,未出现内固定断裂、松动及脱出,无血管、神经、食道损伤等并发症。结论颈椎前后路联合手术治疗严重上颈椎骨折脱位,能完全恢复颈椎序列,损伤节段术后获得即刻稳定,方便术后护理和功能锻炼,有利于脊髓功能恢复。     

大重量牵引复位前路融合内固定治疗陈旧性下颈椎脱位

目的 探讨大重量牵引复位前路融合内固定治疗陈旧性下颈椎脱位的价值和注意事项。方法 本组8例，男5例，女3例，受伤至人院时间3周～6个月，平均2．5个月，人院后行颅骨牵引，逐渐增加重量，难以复位者行小关节突切除，复位后行前路植骨融合，钢板内固定术。结果 8例患者均获较好的复位，其中6例获完全复位；复位牵引重量10～18kg，平均13．5kg；6例获得随访，平均随访14．5个月，按Frankel分级，除1例A级患者无恢复外，其余5例均有恢复，分别改善1或2级；所有患者均获骨性融合。结论 采用大重量颅骨牵引，难以复位者辅以小关节突切除，复位后行前路植骨融合，钢板内固定术治疗陈旧性下颈椎脱位，疗效满意。     

Staged reduction and stabilisation in chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation

We present seven children with atlantoaxial rotatory fixation (AARF) of more than three months' duration after an injury to the upper cervical spine. The deformity was irreducible by skull traction. MRI and MR angiography (MRA) of the vertebral arteries were performed in four children. The patients were neurologically intact. Thrombosis of the ipsilateral vertebral artery was noted in two patients. The deformity was gradually corrected and stabilised after transoral release of the atlantoaxial complex, skull traction and posterior atlantoaxial fusion. Soft-tissue interposition and contractures within the atlantoaxial complex prevented closed reduction. MRI and MRA of the vertebral arteries were useful in elucidating the pathology of chronic atlantoaxial rotatory fixation.     

Closed Reduction of Bilateral Locked Facets of the Cervical Spine Under General Anaesthesia

Summary  Background. Bilateral facet interlocking of the cervical spine is a relatively uncommon type of cervical spinal injury. It is frequently associated with devastating neurological symptoms and signs. Early reduction of the locked facets is thought to be critical in preventing progressive secondary spinal cord injury. Whereas skull tong traction remains our primary option for closed reduction of bilateral locked facets of the cervical spine, it is not always successful, even with heavy traction weights. Other more aggressive measures may occasionally be required. The authors report their experience in reducing bilateral locked facets of the cervical spine by manual closed reduction.  Methods. This small series consists of six cases of cervical spinal injury with bilateral locked facets in which manual closed reduction under general anaethesia and muscle relaxation was used. Three of them presented with complete quadriplegia (Frankel class A). One case presented with incomplete but severe neurological deficits (Frankel class B). After unsuccessful closed reduction with skull traction, these patients were treated by manual closed reduction under general anaesthesia and muscle relaxation, followed by anterior discectomy, interbody fusion and stabilization.  Results. All cases made neurological improvement after the procedures. Even in cases with initial severe neurological deficits, the recovery was remarkable. The recovery was dramatic in two cases. Case 1 improved from Frankel class B to E; and Case 5 from Frankel class A to D. No case deteriorated neurologically after the procedures. Pneumonia occurred in Case 3; and stress ulcer accompanied by haemorrhage was noted in Case 4. None of these complications was directly related to the procedures.  Conclusion. The potential for improvement of neurological function following early and successful reduction and fixation of the dislocated spine is emphasized. With meticulous techniques, manual closed reduction may be an effective alternative to skull tong traction when the latter fails.     

早期前路减压植骨加CSLP系统内固定治疗下颈椎骨折脱位

目的　总结早期前路减压植骨融合加CSLP固定系统治疗下颈椎骨折脱位的经验。方法　下颈椎前路减压后用自体髂骨植入加CSLP内固定。结果　 6 1例患者经 8个月～ 4年随访观察 ,所有的病例植骨均完全愈合。按Frankel分级 ,术后神经功能恢复良好。结论　颈椎带锁钢板具有高度的内在稳定性 ,操作简便、安全、并发症少 ,生物相容性良好 ,无磁性等优点。只要患者全身状况允许 ,一周内行前路减压植骨融合加CSLP系统内固定有利于脊髓生理功能的恢复及保持颈椎稳定性。     

下颈椎小关节突脱位前路稳定手术疗效分析

目的探讨下颈椎小关节脱位前路融合内固定的临床效果。方法39例新鲜下颈椎小关节脱位患者,首先在透视下行颅骨牵引复位,34例复位成功(87％)。其中32例完成了颈前路减压、植骨内固定,5例未成功者和3例陈旧性脱位,先行后路切开复位,再一期行前路减压、植骨内固定。结果全部患者均获骨性融合,无迟发性不稳和后凸畸形,术前神经功能正常者术后无一例出现神经损害症状,不全瘫患者术后均有不同程度恢复。结论前路减压融合是治疗下颈椎小关节脱位安全、有效的方法,可获良好的生物学稳定。     

颈椎骨折脱位合并单侧椎动脉损伤的手术治疗

目的探讨合并单侧椎动脉损伤的颈椎骨折脱位的手术治疗风险和临床效果。方法76例合并单侧椎动脉损伤的颈椎骨折脱位患者行前路减压、植骨融合内固定,其中颈椎脱位患者先试行闭合复位,不能复位者,先行后路切开复位,一期再行前路减压、植骨融合。结果76例患者均未出现健侧椎动脉损伤,术前神经功能正常者术后无一例出现神经损害症状,不全瘫患者术后均有不同程度恢复。结论合并单侧椎动脉损伤的颈椎骨折脱位进行合理的手术治疗具有良好的效果。     

寰枢椎脱位分型和治疗方案选择的临床观察

目的 :回顾性分析寰枢椎脱位患者手术治疗的方法及效果,探讨一种寰枢椎脱位的临床分型方法及其治疗策略。方法:分析2005年9月至2013年9月收治的89例寰枢椎脱位患者的临床资料,其中男49例,女40例;年龄13~67岁,平均48.1岁。根据术前颈椎动力位片及术中全麻下大重量颅骨牵引复位情况,将脱位分为3型:易复型(easy reduction type)、难复型(hard reduction type)、不可复型(irreducible type)。易复型寰枢椎脱位经适当复位后采用颈后路固定融合术;难复型寰枢椎脱位经全麻下大重量牵引复位后采用颈后路固定融合术;不可复型寰枢椎脱位选择前路经口松解或减压、后路复位固定融合术。并根据脊髓功能评定标准(JOA)对患者进行疗效评价。结果:89例患者中易复型寰枢椎脱位30例(33.7%),难复性型55例(61.8%),不可复型4例(4.5%)。JOA评分术前8.2±3.1,末次随访14.2±2.4,改善率40.1%~82.5%,平均62.5%。89例患者均获随访,时间6~37个月,平均17.3个月。82例(92.1%)获得解剖复位,85例(95.5%)获得骨性融合。术后出现低钠血症1例,合并格林巴利综合征1例,伤口延迟愈合4例,1例因呼吸衰竭于术后2年死亡,前路经口手术未见感染病例。结论:根据术前颈椎动力位片及术中全麻下大重量颅骨牵引复位情况对寰枢椎脱位进行临床分类,并采取相应的治疗策略,具有良好的临床效果。