鼻腔鼻窦畸胎癌肉瘤累及左侧额叶1例

正患者男,62岁,以"无明显诱因左侧鼻塞1月余,呈持续性、伴头痛、脓涕,受凉后加重;10天前出现左侧流眼泪,眼球突出"就诊。MRI:左侧鼻腔、蝶窦、双侧筛窦、额窦见团块状混杂长T1短/长T2信号,约32mm×54mm×63mm,脂肪抑制序列     

鼻腔鼻窦恶性蝾螈瘤1例

<正>患者男,18岁,因"左侧鼻腔堵塞伴眼球突出、嗅觉减退及视物成双2个月"入院。查体:左侧鼻腔大量新生物,易出血。实验室检查未见明显异常。头部CT:左侧鼻腔、筛窦、上颌窦、蝶窦、额窦及眼眶内见边界不清等及稍低密度肿块(约4.0 cm×7.0 cm×6.4 cm),邻近骨质破坏,左眼内直肌、视神经及眼球内侧壁受侵(图1A),增强扫描呈轻度不均匀强化。头部MRI:上述部位肿块T1WI呈稍低信号,内见斑片状稍高信号(图1B),脂肪抑制T2WI呈高     

上颌窦海绵状血管瘤动脉栓塞后切除1例

患者女,24岁,主因“右侧鼻腔通气差,间断流黄水1个月”入院。查体：外鼻无畸形,右侧上颌窦区、筛窦区压痛,右鼻腔外侧壁凸出一白色新生物,鼻中隔受压轻度左偏,肿物下方可见下鼻甲。鼻与鼻窦CT显示右侧上颌窦肿物,右鼻腔外侧壁骨质受压移位;增强扫描肿物明显不均匀强化（图1）。术前穿刺抽出新鲜血液,穿刺处渗血较多。患者于术前经右股动脉插管,接受双侧颌内动脉、面动脉造影及栓塞治疗。     

小儿复发性上颌窦巨细胞修复性肉芽肿1例

患者女,8岁。无任何诱因出现右面部肿胀并渐进性加重3月,2008年9月因右上颌窦肿物在我科住院,入院后专科检查：右侧面颊部弥漫性膨隆,有波动感,无压痛,右眶下缘触不到,右眼活动好,无移位,视力正常。右鼻腔外侧无明显内移。CT检查报告：上颌窦占位性病变。遂行右侧上颌窦肿物摘除术,病检回报示上颌窦巨细胞修复性肉芽肿。     

成人肋骨朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症一例

<正>病人, 男,63岁。因左侧胸壁痛1个月于2023年2月21日入院。入院前1个月无明显诱因出现左侧胸壁疼痛,咳嗽时明显,活动牵拉后加重。既往体健,无遗传性疾病史。5个月前体检行胸部CT检查时肋骨未见异常(图1A)。入院后胸部CT检查提示左侧第7肋后段骨质破坏并软组织影(图1B～D),全身骨扫描提示左侧第7后肋可见骨质代谢异常活跃灶,考虑为骨肿瘤性病变可能性大(图2)。     

发热、腮腺肿大、鼻衄、咳嗽、蛋白尿及血尿

病历摘要 患者男性,16岁,因鼻塞、鼻衄、咳嗽2个月,发热、腮腺肿大,胸闷、气促2周于95年7月13日入院。患者于2月前无明显诱因出现鼻塞、鼻衄和刺激性干咳,未引起患者重视,未予特殊治疗。近2周发热,体温达39℃,诉双眼疼痛、畏光,并出现腮腺肿大,咳嗽、少痰,伴胸闷、气促,肌肉关节疼痛,就诊某省级医院。经检查发现鼻腔肿物并行活检,病理示“右上颌窦结核”,头颅CT片示“双侧副鼻窦炎”,胸片示“右上肺炎”。予丁胺卡那霉素、灭滴灵、地塞米松及抗结核治疗,病情无明显改善,为进一步诊治转入我院呼吸科。患者既往健     

PET/CT显像诊断成人多发骨骼朗格汉斯细胞组织细胞增生症1例

正患者女,37岁,因"右肩部疼痛伴乏力、盗汗1个月"入院,活动后气喘,无发热、寒战;外院CT示双侧第4肋骨及T6椎体右侧附件溶骨性破坏,伴软组织肿块,T5椎体类圆形低密度影。实验室检查:红细胞比容0.345,单核细胞比率0.082,嗜酸性粒细胞0.03×109/L,降钙素原0.112μg/L,谷氨酰基转移酶144U/L。18F-FDG PET/CT:下颌骨、双侧多发肋骨、全身多发椎体、双侧髂骨、左侧髋臼骨及右侧坐骨多发骨质溶骨性破坏,     

鼻内镜下泪前隐窝入路微创治疗累及上颌窦的复杂内翻性乳头状瘤

目的探讨经鼻内镜泪前隐窝入路微创治疗累及上颌窦的复杂内翻性乳头状瘤的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析2013年1月~2015年10月18例经鼻内镜泪前隐窝入路手术治疗累及上颌窦的复杂内翻性乳头状瘤的临床资料,男14例,女4例,年龄17~73岁,平均49.3岁。术前行CT、MRI检查,明确病变累及泪前隐窝、齿槽隐窝并伴有上颌窦各壁多发骨质破坏。经鼻内镜泪前隐窝入路清除上颌窦内病变,处理肿瘤根蒂处黏膜并清除受累骨质,视病变范围处理筛窦、蝶窦、额窦。术后定期鼻内镜检查随访,观察症状改善、并发症及肿瘤原位复发、远处转移情况。结果 18例均顺利完成手术,术后经鼻内镜检查、换药,随访6~40个月,平均24个月。9例术后患侧鼻腔通气改善,头痛等临床症状消失,鼻内镜检查窦腔上皮化,无视力下降、复视、溢泪等并发症发生;5例术后囊泡或肉芽增生,经鼻内镜换药2~4周消失;2例病理提示伴癌变,术后放射治疗,随访9、13个月未见复发及远处转移;2例术后复发,经再次鼻内镜手术,扩大切除病变,分别继续随访12、15个月未见复发。结论泪前隐窝入路治疗复杂上颌窦内翻性乳头状瘤,可彻底清除上颌窦病灶,手术损伤小,术后并发症少,是可行的手术方式。     

丙型副伤寒骨肌间隙感染一例

患者,女,21岁.因"突发左髋部疼痛2 d,加重1 d"于2008年12月2日入院.诉入院前两周感体乏,进食不规律.12月1日无诱因出现左髋部疼痛,呈刺痛状,校医院X线检查示:双侧髋关节未见明显骨质异常改变,双侧骶髂关节间隙增宽,左侧较右侧明显,骨缘显示欠锐利.对症处理.     

泛发性带状疱疹一例

1临床资料患者,女,58岁,因左侧颈部、双肩、臂部红斑、水疱疼痛5天,伴头痛、头晕全身无力2天来就诊。患者5天前无明显诱因出现左侧颈部针刺样疼痛,昼轻夜重,偶可放散至左上肢,自行拔火罐治疗2天,疼痛略有减轻。2天前发现左侧颈部、双侧肩背部、双上肢出现小片状红斑及米粒大小的水疱,疼痛较前加重,并出现头晕、头痛伴全身无力症状,无     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Is the recovery profile of mivacurium independent of the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with normal plasma cholinesterase activity?

Background: The duration of action of muscle relaxants is poorly correlated to the rate of decay of their plasma concentration. The plasma concentration of mivacurium may rapidly decrease below its active concentration because of the extensive hydrolysis of mivacurium. By inflating a tourniquet on one upper limb for 3 min after the administration of atracurium, mivacurium or vecuronium, we studied the influence of the initial decline of their plasma concentration on their effect. Methods: In 50 patients anaesthetised with thiopental, isoflurane and fentanyl, the effect of bolus doses of 0.15 or 0.25 mg . kg^?1 mivacurium (MIV 15, MIV 25), 0.3 or 0.5 mg . kg^?1 atracurium (ATR 30, ATR 50) and 0.06 or 0.1 mg . kg^?1 vecuronium (VEC 06, VEC 10) were measured on both arms (evoked response of the adductor pollicis to train-of-four stimulation every 12 s), a tourniquet being applied on one arm just before and during 3 min after the muscle relaxant bolus. Results: Tourniquet inflation of 3 min almost abolished the neuromuscular effect of mivacurium. In the vecuronium groups and in the ATR 50 group, tourniquet inflation did not modify the maximum degree of depression of the twitch response. Also, the duration of action of vecuronium was unaffected by the tourniquet. In the ATR 30 group, times to return of the twitch response to 25% (duration 25%) and 75% (duration 75%) of control response were significantly shorter in the cuffed arm, 23 min vs 27 min, and 41 min vs 45 min, respectively. In the ATR 50 group, only duration 25% was significantly shorter in the cuffed arm (41 min vs 45 min). Conclusion: The results suggest that the rate of decline of the plasma concentration of mivacurium is so rapid, that a very low and almost clinically ineffective concentration is present as soon as 3 min after its administration. The results also indicate that the recovery from a mivacurium-induced neuromuscular blockade is not influenced by the rate of decay of its plasma concentration in patients with genotypically normal plasma cholinesterase.     

Membranes in Artificial Organs

Abstract: Membrane processes play a pivotal and enabling role in modern replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure and in the management of immunologic diseases. In fact, virtually all contemporary extracorporeal blood purification methods employ membrane devices, and the next generation of artificial organs and tissue engineering therapies are almost certain to be similarly grounded in membrane technology. In this short essay, we comment on the similarities and differences among synthetic membranes and their natural counterparts and also provide a critical overview of the demographics and technology of hemodialysis, hemofiltration, apheresis, oxygenation, and emerging membrane technologies and applications.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.