老年全髋关节置换术后低氧血症的预防与护理

[目的]探讨老年全髋关节置换术后低氧血症的预防与护理.[方法]对75例老年全髋关节置换术后的患者,通过采取保暖、氧疗、抬高床头、辅助咳痰等有针对性的护理措施,观察其血氧饱和度的变化.[结果]75例老年全髋关节置换术后的患者中23例(占30.67％)合并低氧血症,通过上述有效的护理措施,及时有效的纠正了低氧血症,促进了患者术后的康复.[结论]做好老年全髋关节置换术后低氧血症的预防及护理,是保证老年全髋关节置换术后康复的基础.     

全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的比较全髋关节置换术与半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法将80例老年股骨颈骨折患者随机分为两组,分别采用全髋关节置换术(全髋组,n=40)和半髋关节置换术(半髋组,n=40)治疗。采用Harris评分标准对患者术后6~12个月的髋关节功能恢复情况进行评价。结果患者均获得随访,时间6~12个月。半髋组的术后并发症发生率(32.5%)高于全髋组(5.0%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。Harris功能评分优良率全髋组(90.0%)优于半髋组(72.5%),差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论全髋关节置换术治疗老龄股骨颈骨折患者较半髋关节置换术效果更好。     

人工髋关节置换治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折

目的 探讨人工股骨头置换术与全髋关节置换术治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折的疗效.方法 将我科109例老年有移位的股骨颈骨折患者分为两组,人工股骨头置换术 (BFHR) 组44例和全髋关节置换术 (THR) 组65例,并对两组进行疗效比较.结果 BFHR组平均手术时间、平均输血量、平均住院费用及术后早期并发症的发生率均明显低于THR组,通过统计学分析差异有统计学意义.BFHR组手术安全性更高.且两组平均住院时间、术后 Harris功能评分统计学差异无统计学意义.结论 人工股骨头置换治疗老年骨质疏松性股骨颈骨折早期效果满意,优于全髋关节置换术.     

超声引导下髋关节囊周围神经阻滞联合椎管内麻醉在老年患者全髋关节置换术中的应用

目的 评价超声引导下髋关节囊周围神经(PENG)阻滞应用于老年患者全髋关节置换术中的有效性及安全性.方法 选择2019年8月至2020年1月择期因股骨颈骨折于椎管内麻醉下行全髋关节置换术的老年患者40例,男23例,女17例,年龄65～80岁,BMI 16～28 kg/m2,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级.采用随机数字表法将患者分为两组...     

老年股骨转子间骨折临床疗效分析

目的:比较全髋关节置换术、动力髋螺钉(DHS)及Gamma钉三种治疗方式对老年股骨转子间骨折的临床疗效,探讨合理手术方式的选择标准.方法:对我院2003年12月至2010年12月收治的符合Evars分型Ⅲ、Ⅳ型的118例老年股骨转子间骨折患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析.全髋关节置换术47例,动力髋螺钉(DHS)19例,Gamma钉42例.结果:EvansⅢ、Ⅳ型老年股骨转子间骨折患者行全髋置换术,术后髋关节功能恢复明显优于内固定组,术后并发症少,术后卧床时间短.结论:老年股骨转子间骨折治疗方式的选择与骨折粉碎程度、稳定性及骨质疏松程度有一定相关性;对于粉碎性、不稳定性患者Gamma钉疗效明显优于DHS,不应首选DHS.同时粉碎性老年股骨转子间骨折合并严重骨质疏松患者选择全髋置换术可获得满意疗效.     

全髋关节置换术与骨折内固定术治疗老年股骨颈骨折效果分析

目的比较全髋关节置换术与骨折内固定术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的效果。方法根据治疗方法不同将63例老年股骨颈骨折患者分为2组。观察组(32例)采用全髋关节置换术,对照组(31例)行骨折内固定术。结果观察组优良率、卧床时间、术中出血量、手术时间、术后3个月Ward三角部位骨密度及并发症发生率均优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论与骨折内固定术相比,全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折,可降低术后并发症发生率,改善患者髋关节功能,促进患者早期恢复。     

家庭干预对老年全髋关节置换术后患者康复效果的影响

目的 探讨家庭干预对股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术后老年患者置换髋功能的影响.方法 将100例股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术后老年患者随机分为观察组和对照组各50例,对照组予常规出院指导,观察组在此基础上,在出院后6个月内进行家庭干预.比较患者术后1、3、5个月的Harris评分.结果 观察组Harris 评分显著优于对照组(P<0.05).结论 家庭干预可提高老年股骨颈骨折全髋关节置换术后置换髋的功能.     

半髋和全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较全髋和半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 将78例老年股骨颈骨折患者根据手术方式不同分为全髋组(39例，采用全髋关节置换术治疗)和半髋组(39例，采用半髋关节置换术治疗)。比较两组髋关节置换时关节位置及角度、手术情况、术后不良症状发生情况，采用Harris评分标准评价髋关节功能改善情况。结果 患者均获得随访，时间7～41个月。手术时间、术中出血量、术中补液量、住院时间、术后出血量半髋组明显短(少)于全髋组(P<0.05)。髋关节置换时髋臼前倾角、外展角两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。末次随访时髋关节功能Harris评分优良率半髋组高于全髋组(P<0.05)。术后不良症状发生情况、末次随访时下肢负重情况两组比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 半髋与全髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折均能获得满意疗效，相较于全髋关节置换术，半髋关节置换术手术时间短、操作简单、创伤小，更适合老年患者。     

全髋和半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折的疗效比较

目的 比较全髋关节置换和半髋关节置换治疗老年GardenⅢ、Ⅳ型股骨颈骨折的疗效。方法 将86例老年股骨颈骨折患者根据治疗方法不同分为全髋组(采用全髋关节置换术,43例)和半髋组(采用半髋关节置换术,43例)。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、输血例数、住院时间、术后并发症。采用髋关节Harris评分评价髋关节功能。结果 患者均获得随访,时间3～12个月。手术时间、术中出血量全髋组长(多)于半髋组(P 0. 05)。术后髋关节功能优良率全髋组高于半髋组(P 0. 05)。术后并发症发生率全髋组低于半髋组(P 0. 05)。两组住院时间、输血例数比较差异均无统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论 全髋关节置换与半髋关节置换治疗老年股骨颈骨折各有优劣,需把握合适的适应证,根据患者的身体条件和对术后功能需求选择合适的手术方案。     

人工半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效

目的分析人工半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折的临床疗效。方法随机将50例老年股骨颈骨折患者分为2组,各25例。对照组采取人工全髋关节置换术,观察组则行人工半髋关节置换术。比较2组手术相关指标、并发症及髋关节功能恢复情况。结果观察组手术时间、术中出血量、完全负重时间均短于或少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。2组并发症发生率、随访髋关节功能恢复优良率比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论人工全髋关节置换术与人工半髋关节置换术治疗老年股骨颈骨折均能减少并发症发生率且髋关节功能恢复效果较好。但人工半髋关节置换术手术时间更短、创伤小,可根据患者具体病情合理选择。     

深圳市某两所小学流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学分析

目的：通过对深圳市某两所小学发生的流行性腮腺炎突发疫情的流行病学特点及差异性进行分析,为制定科学、高效的防控策略提供科学依据。方法2013年5～7月深圳市大鹏新区某两所小学爆发流行性腮腺炎,以学校为整体研究对象,分别标记为学校A（24个班,学生1210例）和学校B（27个班,学生1274例）,对比两所小学的疫情流行病学差异性。结果分析发现,学校A流行性腮腺炎发病率为4.30%,发病班级所占比54.17%,均较学校B1.73%和29.63%高,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;分析显示学校A学生出现疫病平均年龄为（11.2±1.1）岁,较学校B（9.34±1.0）岁,对比差异明显（P＜0.05）;且两组疫病患儿在接种疫苗率对比上差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;但疫情发生时,学校B疫苗紧急接种率明显高于学校A,对比差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论小学作为流行性腮腺炎爆发的主要场所之一,疫病爆发高峰季节前,针对易感染人群给予相应的疫苗接种等预防控制措施,同时加强流行性腮腺炎的监测,对于降低感染人群数量,减轻、遏制疫情有着积极的意义,值得相关防控部门重视。     

不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效分析

目的：探讨不同方法重建指尖离断静脉回流的疗效。方法：2008年3月-2013年2月收治指尖离断患者80例,38例吻合指侧方静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1或1：2或2：2,平均1：2;22例吻合指腹静脉重建回流,术中吻合动静脉比例1：1;20例未吻合静脉,术中仅吻合1条动脉,行侧切口或甲床放血。观察各组治疗效果。结果：吻合指侧方静脉组手指全部成活,无一例发生回流障碍;吻合指腹静脉组19例发生静脉危象,其中4例手指坏死;未吻合静脉组20例均发生回流障碍,其中6例手指坏死。58例获随访,随访时间6~28个月。吻合指侧方静脉组32例,指尖外形佳、指腹饱满;吻合指腹静脉组14例,指体轻度萎缩,指甲生长不平整;未吻合静脉组12例,指体萎缩明显。吻合指侧方静脉组指甲生长近平整,长度长于其他两组[（14.4±3.2）mm比（12.5±2.3）mm和（12.2±2.2）mm],远侧指间关节活动度大于其他两组[（63±5）°比（48±3）°和（45±7）°],两点分辨觉小于其他两组[（4.6±0.4）mm比（7.1±1.2）mm和（7.3±0.6）mm],感觉级别高于其他两组[S（3.45±0.39）级比S（2.57±0.42）级和S（2.55±0.49）级],差异均具有显著性（P〈0.05）。吻合指腹静脉组和未吻合静脉组在指甲长度、运动和感觉方面差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论：吻合指侧方静脉能有效解决指尖再植静脉回流问题,可避免回流障碍,成活率高,促进指甲生长,可恢复 DIPJ 活动度及感觉。     

Frequency of complications of manipulation of the spine

Summary A survey of all members of the Swiss Medical Association of Manual Medicine was undertaken for the year 1989. Informative data were given by 425 respondents on the frequency of complications of manipulation as related to the spine. The number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations during 1989 (225 working days) was 805 for each respondent, and the number manipulations of the cervical spine 354. Thus, the total number of thoraco-lumbar manipulations was 342 125, and the total number of cervical manipulations was 150 450. The overall incidence of side-effects of transient complications due to cervical spine manipulation such as disturbance of consciousness or radicular signs was 1: 16716. Seventeen patients (ratio 1: 20 125) after manipulation of the lumbar spine presented, in addition to increased pain, a transient sensorimotor deficit with precise radicular distribution. Nine of the 17 patients (ratio 1: 38013) developed a progressive radicular syndrome with sensorimotor defict and radiologically verified disc herniation and had to be referred for surgery. Side effects and complications of cervical and lumbar spine manipulation are rare. Taking in to account the yearly number of manipulations performed by a single physician in Switzerland and the rate of complications, it can be calculated that a physician practicing manual medicine will encoutner one complication due to manipulation of the cervical spine in 47 years and one complication due to lumbar spine manipulation in 38 years of practice. However, it is important that a careful clinical assessment is carried out to avoid complications due to manipulation carried out on the basis of inappropriate indications. Furthermore, the decision as to which technique is indicated for any particular functional disorder of the spine should be made on the basis of rational criteria resting on a knowledge of clinical biomechanics, functional anatomy and neurophysiology. The authors recommend a prospective morbidity study to be carried out among physicians, chiropractors, osteopaths and physiotherapists, taking into account the different indications and therapeutic techniques in relation to complications.     

Pathogenesis of carcinoma of the papilla of Vater

Most adenomas and carcinomas of the small intestine and extrahepatic bile ducts arise in the region of the papilla of Vater. In familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) it is the main location for carcinomas after proctocolectomy. In many cases symptoms due to stenosis lead to diagnosis at an early tumor stage. In about 80%, curative intended resection is possible. Operability is the most relevant prognostic factor. Most ampullary carcinomas resp. carcinomas of the papilla of Vater develop from adenomatous or flat dysplastic precursor lesions. They can be sited in the ampulloduodenal part of the papilla of Vater, which is lined by intestinal mucosa. They also can develop in deeper parts of the ampulla, which are lined by pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa. Intestinal-type adenocarcinoma and pancreaticobiliary-type adenocarcinoma represent the main histological types of ampullary carcinoma. Furthermore, there exist unusual types and undifferentiated carcinomas. Many carcinomas of intestinal type express the immunohistochemical marker profile of intestinal mucosa (keratin 7–, keratin 20+, MUC2+). Carcinomas of pancreaticobiliary type usually show the immunohistochemical profile of pancreaticobiliary duct mucosa (keratin 7+, keratin 20–, MUC2–). Even poorly differentiated carcinomas, as well as unusual histological types, may conserve the marker profile of the mucosa they developed from. These findings underline the concept of histogenetically different carcinomas of the papilla of Vater which develop either from intestinal- or from pancreaticobiliary-type mucosa of the papilla of Vater. Molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas are similar to those of colorectal as well as pancreatic carcinomas, although they appear at different frequencies. In future studies, molecular alterations in ampullary carcinomas should be correlated closely with the different histologic tumor types. Consequently, the histologic classification should reflect the histogenesis of ampullary tumors from the two different types of papillary mucosa.     

静脉皮瓣成活过程的实验研究

我们以兔为实验动物，通过微循环观察及血管内灌注填充剂，研究静脉皮瓣的成活过程。这一过程可分为２个阶段。第一阶段（术后７２小时内）为静脉血营养期：静脉血由静脉干通过小静脉吻合支、微静脉干间吻合支及终末微静脉吻合支回流至另一静脉。术后４８小时内毛细血管内无血液运动。第二阶段（术后７２小时～６周）为动脉血营养及血管改造期：术后７２小时新生血管开始向皮瓣内生长。术后７２无皮瓣动脉同主要来自皮瓣周围正常组织内的新生血管吻合使动脉血分布于整个皮瓣，这是静脉皮瓣成活的关键     

Oddi括约肌肌电活动实验模型的建立

目的建立研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动的动物模型和实验方法。方法将双极金属钩状电极通过浆膜层置入Oddi括约肌，记录不同条件干预下家兔的Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号，调整电生理实验参数并经放大、滤波及计算机处理后，对其大小、波形、幅度进行分析。结果不同条件干预下的家兔Oddi括约肌的肌电活动在波形、频率、幅度等方面均有明显的不同，具有明显的规律性。重复实验可得到相似的结果。结论使用双极金属钩状电极配以合理的电生理实验参数调整可以稳定地采集到在体的家兔Oddi括约肌肌电活动信号。这为今后广泛、深入地研究Oddi括约肌肌电活动搭建了一个技术平台。     

骨盆骨折的治疗进展

对于骨盆骨折的治疗 ,传统方法以卧硬板床 ,股骨髁上持续骨牵引 ,骨盆兜等保守治疗为主 ,常常引起下肢不等长 ,骶髋痛 ,步态失常等而严重影响生活质量 ,同时长期卧床易引发肺部感染、褥疮、应激性溃疡、泌尿系统结石等并发症而危及生命。下面就骨盆骨折的治疗进展作一综述。1     

Management of sequelae of septic arthritis of hip

A nine years old boy, who had suffered septic arthritis at the age of two years and presented now with a limp, hip instability, leg length discrepancy. The patient was treated by adductor tenotomy and upper tibial pin traction. When head remnant reached the level of the acetabulum, open reduction and Pemberton osteotomy was done to achieve cover of the femoral head. The purpose of this report is to highlight the six years followup of reconstruction of sequale of septic arthritis of hip joint.     

Catamnestic study of childless patients of the Department of Andrology of Hamburg-Eppendorf University Hosptal

By means of a questionnaire, we carried out a catamnestic study of 1419 patients with a complaint of infertility. 27 per cent of the replying patients reported about the birth of children. 343 patients (38%) reported about one or more conceptions. Compared with previous studies, this investigation shows better results of therapies. We interprete this to be caused in better possibilities of therapy, esp. the Kallikrein therapy.     

主动脉窦瘤破裂外科治疗的临床研究

目的　探讨主动脉窦瘤破裂局部病理改变及其合并主动脉瓣关闭不全的手术方法。方法　 3 6例主动脉窦瘤破裂 (RASV)合并主动脉瓣关闭不全 (AI) 15例、室间隔缺损 (VSD) 2 6例。补片修补 3 5例 ,其中合并VSD的均以一片法修补 ,合并AI的主动脉瓣置换 (AVR) 6例 ,主动脉瓣成形 4例。手术取材作病理检查 5例。结果　本组 3 6例中手术死亡 2例 ( 5 .6% )。存活的 3 4例病人均经门诊复查或通信随访 0 .3～ 18年 ,其中 2例死亡。病理检查见RASV合并VSD的瘤壁为纤维素样坏死或玻璃样变性。结论　主动脉窦壁纤维素样或玻璃样变性可能是其形成的病理基础。合并主动脉瓣关闭不全时应探查其病变程度 ,酌情一期矫正 ,瓣膜损伤明显时宜行主动脉瓣置换 ,对主动脉瓣环细小的病例 ,可借修补VSD和RASV的补片扩大主动脉瓣环。