西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的:比较西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗抑郁症的疗效及安全性.方法:将50例抑郁症患者随机分入两组分别用西酞普兰和文拉法辛治疗,疗程6周,用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定临床疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果:西酞普兰组显效率64.0%,有效率88.0%,文拉法辛组为60.0%,80.0%,两组疗效相仿.在治疗2周末时,文拉法辛组减分多于西酞普兰组,差异有显著性.两组不良反应均轻微.结论:西酞普兰和文拉法辛抗抑郁疗效肯定,不良反应轻.     

艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的 比较艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛治抑郁症的疗效和安全性.方法 将48例抑郁症患者随机分为两组,分别给以予艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗,疗程6周.用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)在治疗前及治疗1、2、4、6周评定疗效;用副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应.结果 两组总体疗效相当,艾司西酞普兰组HAMD评分从第1周就开始显著下降,而文拉法辛组HAMD评分从第2周开始显著下降;治疗6周艾司西酞普兰组有效率95%,显效率77%,文拉法辛组分别为88%和69%.两组不良反应均较轻,安全性好.结论 艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛均是安全有效的抗抑郁药.     

盐酸文拉法辛和草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的对照研究

目的 比较盐酸文拉法辛和草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症患者的疗效和安全性.方法 69例抑郁症患者随机分为盐酸文拉法辛组和草酸艾司西酞普兰组.盐酸文拉法辛治疗剂量150～225 mg/d,草酸艾司西酞普兰治疗剂量10～20 mg/d,采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)和汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)以及副反应评定量表(TESS)评定疗效和不良反应,观察时间为期8周.结果 两组药物在治疗终末期疗效以及不良反应差异没有统计学意义(P＞0.05).在治疗第6周末草酸艾司西酞普兰组HAMD/HAMA总评分低于盐酸文拉法辛组(P＜0.05).结论 盐酸文拉法辛与草酸艾司西酞普兰对抑郁症患者均有较好的疗效,安全性一致,但是后者起效更快.     

艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗抑郁障碍的对照研究

目的 探讨艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗抑郁障碍的疗效和安全性.方法 65例抑郁障碍患者(ICD-10)随机分为艾司西酞普兰组和文拉法辛组,艾司西酞普兰剂量10～20mg/d,文拉法辛75～225 mg/d治疗6周,疗效采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定,不良反应和安全性用TESS和实验室检查评定.结果 艾司西酞普兰组有效率85.7%,治愈率40.0%,文拉法辛组有效率86.7%,治愈率40.0%,两组比较差异无显著性.艾司西酞普兰主要不良反应为口干、头痛、困倦、头晕、恶心等,发生恶心的不良反应与文拉法辛有显著差异,其他与文拉法辛无差异.结论 艾司西酞普兰治疗抑郁症患者安全有效,疗效和不良反应与文拉法辛相似.     

文拉法辛缓释剂与西酞普兰治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的比较文拉法辛缓释剂(XR)与西酞普兰治疗抑郁症的疗效与不良反应。方法对门诊及住院抑郁症患者52例随机分为XR组和对照组,分别给予文拉法辛缓释剂或西酞普兰治疗6周。治疗前后采用汉密顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评定疗效,副反应量表(TESS)评定不良反应。结果文拉法辛缓释剂组显效率92%,西酞普兰组87.5%,文拉法辛缓释剂对焦虑躯体化症状改善程度优于西酞普兰。结论文拉法辛缓释剂具有起效快、安全性好,且能显著改善抑郁症的焦虑与躯体化症状等特点,可作为抗抑郁治疗的一线用药。     

西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗老年期抑郁症对照研究

目的：比较西酞普兰与文拉法辛对老年期抑郁症的疗效及不良反应.方法：将58例符合中国精神障碍分类与诊断标准第3版诊断标准的老年期抑郁症患者随机平分为两组,分别给予西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗6周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、临床疗效总评量表（CGI）及副反应量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应.结果：治疗6周后西酞普兰组和文拉法辛组的有效率分别为89.7%和86.2%,两组差异无显著性.起效均较快、不良反应少而轻微.结论：西酞普兰与文拉法辛都是治疗老年期抑郁症较理想药物.     

西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗老年抑郁症对照研究

目的：比较西酞普兰和文拉法辛治疗老年抑郁症的疗效及安全性。方法：将52例老年抑郁症患者随机分为西酞普兰组和文拉法辛组。疗程6周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、汉密尔顿焦虑量表（HAMA）及治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定疗效和不良反应。结果：两组总体疗效相仿,在治疗2周末时HAMD、HAMA评分有显著性差异,文拉法辛组减分率显著多于西酞普兰组。两组不良反应均较轻,安全性好。结论：西酞普兰是一种安全有效的抗抑郁药,可用于老年抑郁症患者。     

艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的：比较艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗抑郁症的疗效与安全性。方法：采用艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛对48例抑郁症患者进行为期6周的双盲对照研究,用汉密尔顿抑郁量表（HAMD）、临床疗效总评量表（CGI）在治疗前及治疗1、2、4、6周评定疗效;用治疗中出现的症状量表（TESS）评定不良反应。结果：治疗6周后艾司西酞普兰组与文拉法辛组的有效率分别为87.50%和83.33%,两组差异无显著性。2药起效均较快,不良反应均较轻。结论：艾司西酞普兰与文拉法辛均是安全有效的抗抑郁药。     

西酞普兰与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症对照研究

目的:比较西酞普兰与帕罗西汀治疗抑郁症的临床疗效和不良反应。方法:将46例抑郁症患者随机分成两组,分别给予西酞普兰与帕罗西汀治疗。疗程8周。采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA),临床疗效总评量表(CGI)评定疗效,用副反应量表(TESS)及实验室检查评定不良反应。结果:西酞普兰组与帕罗西汀组疗效相似,不良反应均较轻,治疗2周时以西酞普兰组HAMD减分率显著较多。结论:西酞普兰治疗抑郁症起效快,疗效好,安全范围广。     

西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗精神分裂症后抑郁的对照研究

目的 比较西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗精神分裂症后抑郁症状的疗效和安全性.方法 50例精神分裂症后抑郁患者随机分为2组,分别用西酞普兰和文拉法辛治疗6周.采用汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD),简明精神病量表(BPRS)和副反应评定量表(TESS)于治疗前和治疗1、2、4、6周末分别评定疗效和不良反应.结果 2组治疗后HAMD和 BPRS评分均较治疗前下降(P＜0.01),2组疗效无显著性差异(P＞0.05),2组不良反应发生率无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 西酞普兰与文拉法辛治疗精神分裂症后抑郁疗效相当,安全性高,不良反应轻微.     

The effect of age of onset of PD on risk of dementia

Background Dementia occurs in the majority of patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD). Late onset of PD has been reported to be associated with a higher risk for dementia. However, age at onset (AAO) and age at baseline assessment are often correlated. The aim of this study was to explore whether AAO of PD symptoms is a risk factor for dementia independent of the general effect of age. Methods Two community-based studies of PD in New York (n = 281) and Rogaland county, Norway (n = 227) and two population-based groups of healthy elderly from New York (n = 180) and Odense, Denmark (n = 2414) were followed prospectively for 3–4 years and assessed for dementia according to DSM-IIIR. All PD and control cases underwent neurological examination and were followed with neurological and neuropsychological assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression based on three different time scales to explore the effect of AAO of PD on risk of dementia, adjusting for age at baseline and other demographic and clinical variables. Findings In both PD groups and in the pooled analyses, there was a significant effect of age at baseline assessment on the time to develop dementia, but there was no effect of AAO independent of age itself. Consistent with these results, there was no increased relative effect of age on the time to develop dementia in PD cases compared with controls. Interpretation This study shows that it is the general effect of age, rather than AAO that is associated with incident dementia in subjects with PD. Received in revised form: 22 December 2005     

帕金森病运动症状进展分析

目的分析帕金森病(PD)患者运动症状进展特点。方法采用PD统一评分量表(UPDRS)Ⅲ对912例PD患者进行评估。结果与病程1年的患者比较,除病程1~2年的患者外,其他病程患者的UPDRSⅢ评分、强直分、姿势或步态异常分、轴性症状总分、言语分、步态分显著升高(均P0.05),病程5~6年及14年患者的震颤分,病程5~6年、7~8年、9~13年、14年患者的运动迟缓分、姿势分显著升高(P0.05~0.01)。轴性症状进展速度高于UPDRSⅢ评分。结论 PD患者病程早期UPDRSⅢ评分进展快,震颤症状进展独立于其他症状,轴性症状评分较UPDRSⅢ更敏感地反映疾病加重趋势。     

Frequency of accumulation of filaments in adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells of myelinated fibers of rat spinal roots

Summary The frequency of accumulation of 6-nm filaments in the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cells in the 6th lumbar dorsal and ventral roots was evaluated in 4-, 8-, 26- and 45-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats. The frequency was higher in 4- and 8-week-old (growing) rats than in 26- and 45-week old (mature) rats, and also higher in ventral than in dorsal roots in 4-, 8- and 26-week old rats. There were no clusters on certain groups of myelinated fibers according to the size of transverse axonal area, in both the ventral and dorsal roots. Therefore, this accumulation may reflect certain functions of the adaxonal cytoplasm of Schwann cell during natural growth and maturation of the axon and myelin sheath.     

Function of circle of Willis

Nearly 400 years ago, Thomas Willis described the arterial ring at the base of the brain (the circle of Willis, CW) and recognized it as a compensatory system in the case of arterial occlusion. This theory is still accepted. We present several arguments that via negativa should discard the compensatory theory. (1) Current theory is anthropocentric; it ignores other species and their analog structures. (2) Arterial pathologies are diseases of old age, appearing after gene propagation. (3) According to the current theory, evolution has foresight. (4) Its commonness among animals indicates that it is probably a convergent evolutionary structure. (5) It was observed that communicating arteries are too small for effective blood flow, and (6) missing or hypoplastic in the majority of the population. We infer that CW, under physiologic conditions, serves as a passive pressure dissipating system; without considerable blood flow, pressure is transferred from the high to low pressure end, the latter being another arterial component of CW. Pressure gradient exists because pulse wave and blood flow arrive into the skull through different cerebral arteries asynchronously, due to arterial tree asymmetry. Therefore, CW and its communicating arteries protect cerebral artery and blood–brain barrier from hemodynamic stress.     

Effects of prevention of afferentation of the development of the chick optic lobe

BONDY, S. C., M. E. HARRINGTON AND C. L. ANDERSON. Effects of prevention of afferentation on the developmentof the chick optic lobe. BRAIN RES. BULL. 3(5) 411–413, 1978.—The effects of unilateral extirpation of the right optic cup of the three-day incubated chick embryo upon the rate of synthesis and the stability of DNA in the non-innervated optic lobe, have been studied. This surgical procedure prevents innervation of the optic lobe contralateral to the removed eye, while the other optic lobe is normally innervated by retinal ganglion cells of the remaining eye. At the 20th day of incubation, the DNA content of the non-innervated lobe was below that of the paired lobe receiving normal innervation. This deficiency of cell number was caused by two events; death of an excess number of neurons formed early in embryogenesis and a reduced rate of glial proliferation in the later stages of incubation.     

腺垂体功能减退症临床特征变化分析

目的探讨腺垂体功能减退症患者的病因结构变化及临床表现。方法回顾性分析我院2013-01—2016-12住院及门诊78例腺垂体功能减退症患者的临床资料。结果男32例(41.03%),女46例(58.97%);诊断时年龄11~89岁,平均62.5岁;鞍区占位(包括术前及术后)52例(66.67%),席汉综合征8例(10.26%),空泡蝶鞍9例(11.65%),病因不明8例(10.26%),垂体-下丘脑发育不良1例(1.28%)。首次就诊科室:纳差厌食、恶心呕吐就诊于消化内科36例(46.15%)最常见。ACTH+TSH+Gn+G激素缺乏为19例最多,占24.36%,ACTH+TSH+Gn缺乏15例,占19.23%。结论腺垂体功能减退症病因结构发生变化,发病人群、首发症状及受累激素也不同,患者女性多于男性,发病年龄偏高,症状不典型,分布于临床多个科室,其中以低钠血症为首发临床表现就诊消化内科最多。     

Standards of instrumentation of EMG

Standardization of Electromyography (EMG) instrumentation is of particular importance to ensure high quality recordings. This consensus report on “Standards of Instrumentation of EMG” is an update and extension of the earlier IFCN Guidelines published in 1999. First, a panel of experts in different fields from different geographical distributions was invited to submit a section on their particular interest and expertise. Then, the merged document was circulated for comments and edits until a consensus emerged.The first sections in this document cover technical aspects such as instrumentation, EMG hardware and software including amplifiers and filters, digital signal analysis and instrumentation settings. Other sections cover the topics such as temporary storage, trigger and delay line, averaging, electrode types, stimulation techniques for optimal and standardised EMG examinations, and the artefacts electromyographers may face and safety rules they should follow. Finally, storage of data and databases, report generators and external communication are summarized.     

Modelling of movement of the lamprey: Control of oscillators

This article discusses the control methods of the central pattern generator (CPG). First a control model of the CPG is presented using 2 oscillators, and we suggest that phasic modulation to the CPG by means of phasic information is effective for controlling the phase difference between oscillators. Next, two models for controlling the CPG of a lamprey are proposed. One model describes a control system from the brain stem, in which the reticulospinal neurons control the CPG by receiving feedback signals and sending control signals to the neck region of the CPG. The other is a model for learning an localized control system to generate a desired motor pattern. By means of these models, a role of the efference copy is suggested.     

《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》解读

2018年,国家卫生健康委员会等10部委联合发布《关于印发全国社会心理服务体系建设试点工作方案的通知》,四川省绵阳市被列为全国第一批试点地区。绵阳市人民政府依据《中华人民共和国精神卫生法》等相关法律法规和文件精神,结合前期调查研究和社会心理服务工作的试点实际,编制出台了《绵阳市社会心理服务工作管理办法》,并于2021年12月25日起施行。本文围绕社会心理服务的相关概念、办法总则、重点内容、保障措施等方面进行解读,以期为社会心理服务工作的规范、持续和有效开展提供参考。     

利培酮对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响

目的：比较利培酮与氟哌啶醇对精神分裂症患者生活质量的影响。方法：对门诊72例服用氟哌啶醇及74例服用利培酮的精神分裂症患者用生活质量综合评定问卷（GQOLI）、阳性与阴性症状量表（PANSS）、副反应量表（TESS）进行评定。结果：利培酮组患者治疗后生活质量有所提高,而氟哌啶醇组患者生活质量有所下降。结论：利培酮治疗有利于患者提高生活质量。