ICU机械通气患者早期和延迟行气管切开术对患者预后的影响

目的探讨早期气管切开和延迟气管切开对重症监护病房（ICU）机械通气患者预后的影响。方法将该院2008年8月—2012年12月收入ICU治疗的危急重症患者180例随机分为早期（4d以内）气管切开组105例和晚期（10d以上）气管切开组75例。观察二组患者气管切开率及气管切开并发症发生情况,比较二组患者机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生情况及病死率。结果早期气管切开组的患者中95例（90.48%）患者进行了气管切开术,晚期气管切开组的患者中34例（45.33%）患者进行了气管切开术,二组气管切开率比较差异有统计学意义（χ^2=41.7127,P〈0.05）,早期气管切开组并发症发生率为5.71%,晚期切开组并发症发生率为6.67%,二组并发症发生率比较差异无统计学意义（χ^2=1.3121,P〉0.05）。二组患者机械通气时间、ICU住院时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎发生率、30d病死率及1年病死率比较,差异均无统计学意义（P〉0.05）。结论对于需要机械通气支持拟行气管切开术的危重症患者,除非患者需要机械通气支持的疗程能被准确的预测,应尽量避免早期（4d以内）气管切开术。     

COPD长期机械通气患者气管切开时机的选择

目的：评估气管切开时机对慢性阻塞性肺病（chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD）长期机械通气患者的影响。方法：回顾性分析南通市第一人民医院重症医学科（intensive care unit,ICU）2010年9月-2012年1月期间88例COPD长期机械通气患者,根据气管切开时间的早晚（气管插管7 d为界）分为早期气管切开组和晚期气管切开组。比较两组之间抗生素使用时间、镇静剂（咪达唑仑）用量、机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、总住院时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎（ventilator associated pneumonia,VAP）发生率和死亡率。结果：早期气管切开可以明显缩短COPD患者机械通气时间和ICU 住院时间,降低抗生素使用时间、减少镇痛剂的用量,对VAP发生率和死亡率没有显著影响。结论：COPD长期机械通气患者可以从早期气管切开中获益。     

气管切开时机对重症脑血管病患者的影响

  目的  评估不同时机气管切开对重症脑血管病患者的影响。  方法  对青岛大学附属青岛市中心医院2018年1 月至2020年12月进行气管切开的56例重症脑血管病患者进行回顾性分析。根据经口插管时间将患者分成早期气管切开ET组（≤ 10 d）共28例，晚期气管切开LT组（> 10 d）共28例，其中男38例，女18例，年龄44～86岁。观察2组患者的基础特征、气管切开后重症医学科（intensive care unit，ICU）住院时间、重症医学科总住院时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎（ventilator associated pneumonia，VAP）发生率，肺部感染患者抗生素使用时间，痰培养多重耐药（multidrug resistant，MDR）发生率及细菌培养的菌群分布等。  结果  2组患者在基础特征如年龄、性别、急性生理和慢性健康状况（acute physiology and chronic health evaluation Ⅱ，APACHEII）评分以及格拉斯哥昏迷（glasgow coma scale，GCS）评分比较，差异无统计学意义（P > 0.05），2组间气管切开后的ICU住院时间（中位数分别为7.5 d和7 d，P = 0.729）及VAP发生率（分别为39%和61%，P = 0.109）差异无统计学意义。但早期气管切开组的ICU总住院时间（中位数分别为15.5 d和22 d，P < 0.001），抗生素使用时间分别为[（11.8 ± 3.2） d和（17.1 ± 4.1） d，P < 0.001]及多重耐药发生率较晚期气管切开组均明显减少（分别为39%和79%，P = 0.003）。而且早期气管切开组肺炎克雷伯菌引起的肺部感染发生率更低（P = 0.029）。  结论  早期气管切开明显缩短重症脑血管病患者的ICU住院时间及肺部感染患者抗生素使用时间，减少多重耐药的发生率，但并没有减少VAP的发生率。而对于气管切开指征及时机仍需有效的手段进一步评估。     

气管切开时机对神经重症机械通气患者预后的影响分析

目的:探讨气管切开时机对神经重症机械通气患者的预后影响。方法:回顾性选择2020年1月～2021年12月入住弋矶山医院神经外科重症监护病房(NSICU)进行有创机械通气且行经皮气管切开(PDT)的患者274例,按照从气管插管到气管切开的时间分为早期气管切开组(≤3 d)和晚期气管切开组(>3 d)。观察两组患者一般基础资料、呼吸机相关性肺炎(VAP)发生率、颅内感染发生率、深静脉血栓(DVT)发生率、镇痛镇静时间、6个月格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)、NSICU住院时间、总住院时间、总机械通气时间、NSICU病死率、住院病死率、28 d及90 d病死率。结果:早期气管切开组诊断为急重型颅脑损伤占比高于晚期组,诊断为颅内动脉瘤占比低于晚期组(P<0.05);入院双侧瞳孔光反应灵敏占比低于晚期组,光反应消失占比高于晚期组(P<0.05);入院GCS评分低于晚期组(P<0.05);入院时急性生理与APACHEⅡ评分高于晚期组(P<0.05);早期组VAP发生率、镇痛镇静时间、总机械通气时间、NSICU住院时间低于晚期组(P<0.05);两组在总住院时间、病死率...     

ICU机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素与干预措施

目的 分析ICU机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素与干预措施.方法 方便选取该院50例ICU机械通气患者,收取时间在2014年2月-2016年3月,分析患者呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素,再将ICU机械通气患者按照不同干预措施分为两组,对照组患者常规干预,观察组患者实施针对性干预措施,将两组患者治疗后的住院时间﹑机械通气﹑气管切开发生率进行对比.结果 观察组ICU机械通气患者的住院时间(10.15±1.75)d﹑机械通气时间(7.01±2.05)d﹑气管切开发生率8.00%优于对照组患者(P<0.05).结论 通过对ICU机械通气患者呼吸机相关性肺炎危险因素进行分析后,给予患者实施针对性干预措施,不仅能有效减少气管切开发生率,还能缩短住院时间﹑机械通气时间,促进患者恢复.     

不同类型的气管切开插管对呼吸机相关性肺炎影响的比较

目的 比较传统气管切开插管、带有引流管的气管切开插管与带有冲洗引流管的气管切开插管在改善呼吸机相关性肺炎（ VAP） 发生率及其预后方面的作用。方法 纳入2010 年7 月至2012 年9 月入院治疗需要接受气管切开插管的300 例患者, 按照1∶2∶2的比例随机分配到传统气管切开插管组（ n= 60） 、带有引流管的气管切开插管组（ n = 120） 和带有冲洗引流管的气管切开插管组（ n =120） 。观察3 组患者在机械通气时间、VAP发生率、气管切开后VAP 发生时间、ICU住院时间、28 d 病死率以及总住院费用等方面的差异。结果 传统组、引流管组和冲洗引流管组患者在机械通气时间[ （ 11. 3 ±3. 2） d、（ 10. 1 ±2. 7） d 和（ 8. 4 ±2. 1） d, P 〈 0. 01] 、VAP 发生率[ （ 35. 4 ±8. 3） % 、（ 31. 5 ±9. 4） %和（ 22. 7 ±6. 8） % , P 〈0. 01] 、气管切开后VAP 发生时间[ （ 4. 5 ±1. 2） d、（ 5.4 ±1. 2） d和（ 7. 2 ±1. 9） d, P 〈0. 01] 、ICU住院时间[ （ 14. 4 ±4. 2） d、（ 12. 6 ±3. 4） d 和（ 9. 3 ±2. 8） d, P 〈0. 05]上差异均有统计学意义, 冲洗引流管组明显优于其他两组。结论 应用带有冲洗引流管的气管切开插管有利于清除气囊上滞留物, 方法安全、简便、经济、实用, 可有效地预防VAP的发生并改善其预后。     

重型颅脑损伤患者早期气管切开的临床研究

目的：探讨早期气管切开（建立人工气道4～5天）和晚期气管切开（建立人工气道9—10天）对重型颅脑损伤病人呼吸机相关肺炎发生率、呼吸机治疗时间、住ICU时间和28天病死率的影响。方法：选取67例在ICU行经口气管插管并行机械通气的重型颅脑损伤患者,所有患者呼吸机治疗时间〉48小时,且插管前无肺部感染,均预期行气管切开,入ICU即行APACHEⅡ评分、GCS评分,将这些病人随机分成2组：观察组予早期气管切开,对照组予晚期气管切开,观察2组病人：建立人工气道3天、7天、14天呼吸机相关肺炎发生率的差异;呼吸机治疗时间、住ICU时间和28天病死率的差异。结果：2组病人建立人工气道3天呼吸机相关肺炎发生率无统计学差异（P〉0．05）,建立人工气道7天、14天观察组病人呼吸机相关肺炎发生率明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组病人呼吸机治疗时间、住ICU时间明显低于对照组（P〈0．05）;观察组28天病死率稍低于对照组,但无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论：重型颅脑损伤病人予早期气管切开可明显降低呼吸机相关肺炎发生率;缩短呼吸机治疗时间及住ICU时间,从而缩短住院时间,降低医疗费用,但不能降低病死率,对远期预后无明显改善。     

分析早期气管切开在重度颅脑创伤中的治疗价值

目的：研究早期气管切开在重度颅脑创伤中的治疗价值。方法跟踪62例该院住院并且已经进行过气管切开治疗的重度颅脑创伤患者。按照气管切开的先后,把62例患者分为早期组和晚期组,早期组29例（≤8 d）,晚期组33例（＞8 d）,对比两组患者的住院费用、住院时间、院内获得性肺炎（HAP）发生率、病死率、基本治愈率和抗生素使用时间。结果已行气管切开治疗的早期组重度颅脑创伤患者的病死率为13.7%,基本治愈率27.5%,晚期组患者的病死率为15.1%,基本治愈率为27.2%,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;早期组的HAP发生率37.9%（11例）、抗生素使用时间为（8.7±4.6）d、住院时间（12.2±5.5）d、住院费用（3.12±1.28）万元。晚期组的HAP发生率63.6%（21例）、抗生素使用时间为（15.9±9.4）d、住院时间（18.8±7.3）d、住院费用（7.24±1.32）万元,差异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论对重度颅脑创伤的患者给予气管插管和机械通气,患者的病死率和基本治愈率不受影响,但能使患者发生肺炎的几率下降,使得抗生素使用时间和住院时间大大缩短,可以节省在住院费用上的支出。     

经皮气管切开时机对危重症患者预后的影响

目的对经皮气管切开的不同时机对危重症患者预后的影响进行分析。方法选取我院重症监护病房（ICU）收治的拟行机械通气患者96例,随机分为对照组与观察组,各48例,观察组在机械通气后3 d内展开经皮气管切开术,对照组在机械通气10 d后展开经皮气管切开术,对比两组患者脱机时间、28 d时脱概率、呼吸机相关肺炎发生率及ICU转出率。结果观察组脱机时间与ICU住院时间均显著短于对照组,成功脱概率、ICU转出率显著高于对照组,呼吸机相关肺炎发生率显著低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论在危重症患者行机械通气治疗时,早期经皮气管切开可促使患者呼吸机相关肺炎发生率降低,缩短患者脱机时间,可有效改善危重症患者预后,值得在临床中推广。     

机械通气患者气管切开时机选择

目的评估气管切开时机对机械通气患者的影响。方法回顾性分析河南科技大学第一附属医院ICU2006年4月～2009年6月121例机械通气患者,按气管切开时间分为早切组（≤7d）和晚切组（〉7d）,比较两组患者机械通气时间、入住ICU时间、呼吸机相关性肺炎（VAP）发生率和死亡率。结果121例机械通气患者中,早切组54例,晚切组67例。两组机械通气时间分别为（6．2±4．6）d和（8．44±．4）d（P〈0．05）,人住ICU时间分别为（12．1±5．1）d和（14．4±6．9）d（P〈0．05）,VAP发生率分别为20．4％和38．8％（P〈0．05）,差异均具有统计学意义,死亡率为24．1％和29．9％（P〉0．05）,差异无统计学意义。结论早期气管切开可缩短患者机械通气和人住ICU时间,降低VAP发生率,但对患者死亡率无影响。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Development on Adjustable Calibration Marker for Shock Wave Focus

Shock wave lithotripsy （SWL） is a treatment of choice for upper urinary stones. However, this procedure is inappropriate for obese patients because the focus is often unable to reach the target owing to the limited focal distance in shock wave source. Although treating such patients in a blast path may increase the application length of shock wave source, it＇s difficult to find this path on the lithotripter monitor. For this reason, we invented an adjustable calibration marker in order to set an effective focus in the shock wave hath.     

Study on the TCM Pathogenesis of Angiopathic Complications of Type II Diabetes

Excess production of reactive oxygen species(ROS)of mitochondrion mediated by hyperglycemia is the common pathogenesis of angiopathic complications of diabetes.TCM holds that the damp from the dysfunction of spleen.kidney and liver is the causative factor of complications of diabetes.This is similar to the mechanism of Ros resulting in angiopathic complications of diabetes.When the angiopathic complications of type II diabetes mellitus(T2DM)are difierentiated as caused by turbid damp in TCM can be explained as ROS.Since the obstruction of pathogenic damp in channels and collaterals is said to be the main pathogenesis,the treating principle should be dissolving the damp to remove the obstruction.     

Leptin, Ghrelin and TNF-α before and after Hypo-caloric Traditional Chinese Diet and Auricular Acupuncture

INTRODUCTION Obesity is a complex emergent problem, which can be possibly solved not only by the diet but also by the life style and promotion of a constant physical exercise. 1, 2 No doubt careful attentions must be given to the nutritional condition of obese people, the dietary habits, the somatic build (i.e. distribution of fat mass) and the organic functions linked to formation of the fat mass. All the parameters should be constantly monitored before, during and after a diet treatment. 3, 4, 5     

Relationship between Dysglycemia and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Tibetan Population

People with dysglycemia are at high risk for atherosclerotic diseases. This study aims at investigating the atherosclerotic vascular damage in dysglycemia and its metabolic origin in Tibetan population.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.