复方格列吡嗪片人体生物利用度及生物等效性研究

目的研究复方格列吡嗪片人体生物利用度及生物等效性。方法单剂量给予国产的复方格列吡嗪片505mg(试验制剂)和格列吡嗪片5 mg(参比制剂)、盐酸二甲双胍片500 mg(参比制剂)。用高效液相色谱法测定血药浓度。用DAS程序计算相对生物利用度并评价两种制剂的生物等效性。结果口服试验制剂和参比制剂后,血浆中的格列吡嗪的Cmax分别为(406.72±68.10)ng/ml和(468.95±107.61)ng/ml;Tmax分别为(2.22±0.75)h和(1.98±0.91)h;AUC(0-24)分别为(2 812.26±897.73)(ng.h)/ml和(2 952.68±1 407.84)(ng.h)/ml;AUC(0-inf)分别为(3 034.67±1 245.72)(ng.h)/ml和(3 193.20±1 651.85)(ng.h)/ml。盐酸二甲双胍的Cmax分别为(1.15±0.25)μg/ml和(1.18±0.24)μg/ml;Tmax分别为(2.05±0.72)h和(2.08±0.94)h;AUC(0-24)分别为(5.77±1.62)(μg.h)/ml和(5.97±1.92)(μg.h)/ml;AUC(0-inf)分别为(6.38±1.98)(μg.h)/ml和(6.62±2.61)(μg.h)/ml。结论试验制剂与参比制剂的格列吡嗪和盐酸二甲双胍人体相对生物利用度分别为(114.0±56.1)%和(103.5±31.0)%,两者具有生物学等效性。     

盐酸二甲双胍缓释片人体药代动力学和相对生物利用度研究

目的:研究盐酸二甲双胍缓释片(受试制剂)和普通片(参比制剂)在健康受试者体内的药代动力学过程和相对生物利用度.方法:20名男性志愿者随机自身交叉口服受试制剂和参比制剂,单剂量两制剂各服用1 000 mg,多剂量受试制剂服用1 000 mg×1次/天,参比制剂服用500 mg×2次/天.血浆中二甲双胍浓度使用HPLC-UV法测定.采用二房室模型进行血药浓度-时间数据分析,并计算药动学参数和相对生物利用度.结果:受试制剂和参比制剂单剂量口服后二甲双胍的Cmax分别为(1.61±0.37)μg/ml和(2.47±0.74)μg/ml;Tmax分别为(3.1±0.6)h和(1.5±0.7)h;T1/2分别为(5.1±1.9)h 和(2.7±0.3)h;AUC0→1分别为(11.08±2.88)h·μg/ml和(12.03±2.63)h·μg/ml;受试制剂相对于参比制剂的生物利用度F为(92.6±14.7)%.受试制剂和参比制剂多剂量口服后二甲双胍的Cmax分别为(1.60±0.25)mg/ml和(1.57±0.40)μg/ml;Tmax分别为(3.2±0.4)h和(1.1±0.5)h;T1/2分别为(5.5±3.1)h和(3.0±0.6)h;AUCss分别为(13.24±3.08)h·μg/ml和(6.99±1.50)h·μg/ml.受试制剂的相对生物利用度F为(95.3±17.5)%.结论:受试制剂和参比制剂生物等效,且具有缓释特性.     

米诺环素片生物等效性研究

目的:研究米诺环素片的药代动力学和相对生物利用度.方法:采用HPLC法测定20名健康男性志愿受试者随机自身交叉单剂量口服米诺环素片和米诺环素胶囊200 mg后的血药浓度,得出相应的药时曲线,计算各药代参数和相对生物利用度.结果:半衰期T1/2分别为(19.53±2.67)和(19.52±2.32)h,达峰时间Tmax分别为(1.72±0.41)和(1.72±0.70)h,峰值血浆浓度Cmax分别为(3.404±1.050)和(3.284±0.472)mg/L,药时曲线下面积AUC(0～60 h)分别为(62.50±11.77)和(56.93±7.33)(mg·h)/L.两种制剂的药动学参数差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),受试制剂的相对生物利用度(F)为111.5%.结论:两种制剂具有生物等效性.     

阿奇霉素片的人体相对生物利用度及药代动力学

目的研究阿奇霉素片受试制剂与参比制剂人体相对生物利用度及药代动力学。方法18名健康受试者自身交叉单剂量口服阿奇霉素受试制剂和参比制剂各500 mg,定时取血,用微生物法测定血药浓度。结果阿奇霉素片受试制剂与参比制剂的血药浓度时间曲线基本一致,符合一级吸收二房室模型。受试制剂与参比制剂的主要药动学参数分别为:消除半衰期t1/2β:(36.48±9.45)h,(38.10±9.39)h;Tmax:(2.39±0.61)h,(2.44±0.61)h;Cmax:(509.10±106.08)μg/L,(505.20±89.91)μg/L。药代动力学参数经配对t检验,差异均无显著性意义(P>0.05)。两种制剂的药时曲线下面积(AUC0-t)平均值分别为:受试制剂(9 080±1 339)(μg.h)/L,参比制剂:(9 308±1 390)(μg.h)/L;受试制剂的相对生物利用度为(98.0±10.1)%。结论受试制剂阿奇霉素与参比制剂生物等效。     

双氯芬酸钠肠溶片的血药浓度测定及人体药代动力学研究

目的:研究双氯芬酸在正常志愿者的血药浓度及体内的药代动力学,为临床用药提供依据.方法:16名健康男性志愿者,单剂量口服双氯芬酸钠肠溶片100mg,在不同时间点取静脉血,血药浓度采用高效液相色谱法(HPLC)测定.由血药浓度数据获得各自的主要药动力学参数.结果:志愿者单次服用100 mg双氯芬酸钠肠溶片后的药代动力学参数AUC0→∞、AUC0→8、Cmax、Tmax分别为(5.98±1.47)mg.h/L、(6.15±1.52)mg.h/L、(2.96±0.84)mg.h/L、(2.25±0.32)h.结论:双氯芬酸钠肠溶片在我国正常志愿者的药代动力学参数与国外的相似.     

盐酸奈福泮缓释片人体药代动力学和生物等效性实验

目的:评价国产盐酸奈福泮缓释片在健康人体内的药物代谢动力学和生物等效性,为临床合理用药提供依据.方法:健康男性志愿者20名完全随机分成两组,采用双周期自身交叉对照实验设计,单次和多次口服盐酸奈福泮缓释片和普通片,运用液相色谱质谱联用法测定血清中奈福泮的药物浓度.结果:单剂量口服缓释片和普通片的峰值浓度ρmax分别为(72±18)和(105±25)μg/L,达峰时间Tpeak分别为(5.1±0.6)和(2.1±0.7)h;药时曲线下面积(AUC)(0-24h)分别为(907±340)μg·h/L和(865±287)μg·h/L,多剂量给药AUCSS(0-24h)为(1308±313)和(504±109)μg·h/L,峰值浓度ρmax分别为(101±20),(114±28)μg/L和谷值浓度为ρmin(29±13),(20±12)μg/L.缓释片相对普通片的达峰时间Tmax延迟,体内滞留时间(MRT)和半衰期(t1/2)延长,盐酸奈福泮缓释片相对普通片的相对生物利用度为(111±43)%.结论:盐酸奈福泮缓释片和普通片生物等效且缓释片具有缓释特征.     

盐酸二甲双胍缓释片人体相对生物利用度及其药代动力学研究

目的建立人血浆中盐酸二甲双胍的高效液相色谱测定方法,考察国产盐酸二甲双胍缓释片相对于普通片的生物等效性,并估算其药代动力学参数.方法血浆样品经乙氰沉淀蛋白后进行高效液相色谱分析.色谱柱为Nucleosil 100-5硅胶柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5 μm),流动相为0.03 mol/L磷酸二氢铵(pH 7.0)-乙氰(75∶ 25,V/V),流速为1.0 ml/min,检测波长为240 nm.结果缓释片和普通片的主要药动学参数为:单剂量时AUC0-24分别为(12.13±1.85)和(13.72±2.04)μg*h-1*ml-1;Cmax分别为(1.6±0.3)和(2.31±0.36)μg/ml;tmax分别为(4.7±0.87)和(1.95±0.54)h;t1/2分别为(4.04±1.16)和(4.26±0.64)h;多剂量时AUCss分别为(14.52±1.98)和(7.22±1.49)μg*h-1*ml-1;Cmax分别为(1.61±0.26)和(1.54±0.27)μg/ml;Cmin分别为(0.17±0.11)和(0.17±0.05)μg/ml;Cav分别为(0.61±0.09)和(0.60±0.12)μg/ml;tmax分别为(4.8±0.7)和(1.9±0.64)h;AUC0-24和AUCss经对数转换后方差分析和双单侧t检验,均无显著性差异.结论盐酸二甲双胍缓释片的相对生物利用度单剂量时为(88.8±9.3)%,多剂量时为(100.54±10.6)%,试验片和参比片吸收程度生物等效,试验片具有缓释特征.     

A771726在大鼠体内的药代动力学

目的研究A771726在大鼠体内的药代动力学过程。方法单剂量口服给药3个剂量的A771726,根据大鼠体内血药浓度经时过程,计算相应的药代动力学参数。结果A771726(3、6、12mg/kg)的血药经时过程均符合一级吸收的一房室模型,其主要药动学参数T1/2Ka(h)3.91±3.43、5.63±2.07、6.73±1.67;T1/2Ke(h)17.45±10.79、9.68±4.65、7.63±1.39;AUC(0~tn)(mg/L.h-1)163.83±17.88、447.88±148.60、843.72±175.41;Cmax(mg/L)7.05±1.17、24.00±1.87、39.93±3.90;Tmax(h)8.00±0.00、6.67±2.06、8.00±0.00;MRT(0~tn)(h)19.87±4.25、19.54±1.11、19.29±2.47。结论单剂量口服A7717263个剂量组的药物代谢均成线性关系,其血药浓度-时间曲线符合一级吸收的一房室模型。     

双氯芬酸钠缓释片及其药物动力学研究

本文制备了双氯芬酸钠缓释片 ,研究了缓释片和普通肠溶片的药物动力学和生物利用度。采用HPLC法测定了两种制剂血浆中的药物浓度。结果表明 ,12名健康志愿受试者单剂量口服 10 0 mg双氯芬酸钠缓释片后 ,血药浓度 -时间曲线存在双峰 ,tmax分别为 ( 4 .0 2± 1.96) h和 ( 10 .60± 2 .17) h,Cmax分别为 ( 34 6.95±14 6.84 ) ng/ml和 ( 4 65.58± 2 4 5.38) ng/m l,均比肠溶片峰浓度低。缓释片的相对生物利用度为 ( 95.1±10 .8) %     

家犬口服西替伪麻缓释片的药物动力学研究

目的研究健康家犬口服西替伪麻缓释片的药物动力学.方法采用高效液相色谱法测定家犬交叉口服西替伪麻缓释片和新康泰克胶囊后的血药浓度,应用3P97程序计算主要药代动力学参数,估算其相对生物利用度,并进行等效性检验.结果西替伪麻缓释片的T(1)/(2)、Cmax、Tmax、AUC0～24分别为(2.97±0.67) h、(1.211±0.419) mg/L、(3.33±0.52) h、(8.44±2.37) mg/(h·L),新康泰克胶囊的上述参数分别为(3.01±0.44) h、(1.315±0.452) g/L、(3.50±0.55) h、(9.12±2.41) mg/(h·L).两制剂间的 lnAUC0～24、lnAUC0～∞及lnCmax经方差分析和双单侧t检验发现,两制剂之间具有生物等效性.西替伪麻缓释片的相对生物利用度F0～24为(103.7±4.6)%. 结论西替伪麻缓释片在健康家犬体内具有缓释效果,与新康泰克胶囊生物等效.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

Acupuncture Combined with Spinal Tui Na for Treatment of Primary Dysmenorrhea in 30 Cases

Objective: To observe the therapeutic effects in acupunture treatment of primary dysmenorrhea combined with spinal Tui Na, and study its mechanism. Methods: Thirty cases of the treatment group were treated by acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na, and thirty cases in the control group were treated by routine acupuncture. Results: The total effective rate was 93.3% in the treatment group, and 73.3% in the control group, with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05). Conclusions: Acupuncture combined with spinal Tui Na has good prospects for treatment of primary dysmenorrhea.     

Luo Lingjie's Experience in Treating Chronic Nephropathy

In treating chronic nephropathy,Luo Lingjie,a chief physician,pays attention to regulating the balance between yin and yang,treating infection if present,and removing pathogenic factors.He prescribes gentle drugs and uses carefully strongly warming-tonifying ones,emphasizes the importance of persuading the patient to persist in treatment with medication and nurse one's health for recuperation,and is good at combined use of TCM and western medicine therapy and brings the merits of various therapies into full play,with obvious theraoeutic effects.     

Dr.Zhang Ren's Experience in the Acupuncture Treatment of Different Diseases with the Same Therapeutic Principle

Dr.Zhang Ren,the chief physician,is the chairman of Shanghai Acupuncture and Moxibustion Association.Having been engaged in medicine for about 40 years,he is experienced in treating various intractable diseases.In his long years of clinical practice,he advocates taking the TCM differentiation as the basis to seek for the acupuncture method for treatment of modern intractable diseases.The author of this essay had the fortune to follow Dr.Zhang in study.The following is a summary of Dr.Zhang's experience in the acupuncture treatment for different intractable diseases with the same therapeutic principle.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.