新型冠状病毒疫情期间骨科患者手术器械消毒灭菌与管理的流程与策略

2019年12月以来,新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)已在世界多地暴发。虽然疫情在我国得到控制,随着复工复产的逐步深入,部分COVID-19患者治愈后"复阳",特别是近1个月以来,境外输入病例逐渐增多,因此疫情防控形势仍然严峻,医疗机构在未来一段时间内仍面临巨大压力。基于2016版《医院消毒供应中心清洗消毒及灭菌技术操作规范》、2012版《医疗机构消毒技术规范》、《新型冠状病毒肺炎防控方案(第五版)》及《新型冠状病毒肺炎诊疗方案(试行第六版)》等相关标准,河北医科大学第三医院消毒供应中心制定本科室"新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染复用器械处理流程、2019-nCoV感染器械回收流程、2019-nCoV感染器械转运车处理流程"等应急预案。为疫情防控期间消毒供应中心(CSSD)各项防控管理措施提供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下胸外科面临的挑战与对策

2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市陆续出现2019新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV,SARS-CoV-2)感染病例,疫情持续蔓延,全国其他地区也相继发现了此类病例。新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情给胸外科临床实践带来了巨大挑战。门诊需要加强对磨玻璃影及肺内斑块影病例的鉴别诊断。疫情期间严格控制手术指征,推迟择期手术;拟行限期手术患者,需隔离2周且核酸检测阴性后,方可开展手术;在疫区拟行急诊手术患者,术前应注意排查是否合并新型冠状病毒感染,必要时行核酸检测;拟行急诊手术患者,必要时术前应开展核酸检测,术中按三级防护处理。严格开展手术消毒隔离措施。在术后患者中,积极排查合并新型冠状病毒感染患者。在新型冠状病毒感染患者抢救过程中,需要注意预防、治疗相关并发症,包括机械通气相关性气胸或纵隔气肿以及气管插管后损伤。     

疑似或确诊新型冠状病毒肺炎患者气道管理专家建议

正新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019, COVID-19)已纳入《中华人民共和国传染病防治法》规定的乙类传染病,按照甲类传染病管理[1-2],经呼吸道飞沫和密切接触传播是主要的传播途径,也可经气溶胶传播[3]。疫情期间疑似或确诊COVID-19患者的急诊和限期手术需在全麻下完成,而气管插管和拔管可能会导致病毒医源性传播。现将相关文献综合整理并解读,以供临床麻醉科医师参考。1 感染防控全麻气管插管和拔     

儿童血液净化中心(室)如何防控新型冠状病毒感染

2019年12月以来,中国34个省级直辖市持续发生新型冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)感染疫情。人群对2019-nCoV普遍易感,儿童及婴幼儿陆续有确诊病例,目前报道的最小感染者为新生儿。维持性血液透析患儿本身是易感高危人群,每周多次往返血液净化中心,极易成为2019-nCoV感染防控的薄弱环节。目前已有报道危重2019-nCoV感染患者需要血液净化技术支持,为避免2019-nCoV感染在儿童血液净化中心发生和传播,根据中华医学会儿科学分会肾脏病学组对儿童血液净化中心2019-nCoV感染防控的建议,结合儿童2019-nCoV感染的临床特征,笔者对在不同情况下的2019-nCoV感染防控措施提出建议,供儿科血液净化医护人员参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间肝移植病房管理单中心经验

自2019年12月发生的新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)影响范围广、感染人数多,在对社会生活造成严重影响的同时,也给医院器官移植病房的管理带来了巨大挑战。肝移植受者术后免疫力低下,新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)易感性可能较普通人群更高。因此,肝移植病房的管理具有其特殊性。COVID-19疫情期间,青岛大学附属医院肝脏移植科医护人员通过学习国家卫生健康委员会发布的COVID-19防控和诊疗方案以及相关指南,加强医护人员自身防护,制订适应疫情形势的住院患者管理流程,完善患者及其家属COVID-19相关知识宣教,建立并优化肝移植病房管理方案。期望通过特殊时期肝移植病房的有效管理,在予肝移植受者科学治疗的同时,有效避免2019-nCoV感染。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情下急腹症的应对策略

2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市开始出现新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)肺炎。该传染病已被中国列为乙类传染病并按照甲类传染病进行管理,已证实新型冠状病毒肺炎可在人际间快速传播。新型冠状病毒肺炎主要临床表现为发热、干咳、呼吸困难等呼吸道症状,部分患者有消化道症状,并可经消化道传播。在疫情不断发展的情况下,如何安全高效的处理急腹症患者,尤其是对确诊、疑似患者的处理是战胜疫情的关键。结合最新防控的指南、文献报道及我院的防控经验,与大家共同分享疫情下的急腹症的诊疗建议及经验,以供参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎康复者恢复期血浆临床应用的研究进展

新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)是由2019-新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)引起的新发急性呼吸道传染病,已成为全球性重大公共卫生事件,严重威胁人类健康。到目前为止,针对2019-nCoV的特效抗病毒药物和安全有效的疫苗仍在研发中,因此迫切需要为COVID-19的治疗寻找替代策略。感染性疾病康复者的恢复期血浆(C...     

慢性肾脏病患儿新型冠状病毒感染的防控建议

2019年12月以来,中国持续发生新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)感染疫情。现有流行病学显示人群对2019-nCoV普遍易感,有基础疾病的患者是2019-nCoV重症病例的高危人群。为避免长期使用糖皮质激素和/或其他免疫抑制剂的慢性肾脏病(chronic kidney disease,CKD)患儿发生2019-nCoV感染,指导合并2019-nCoV感染的CKD患儿的管理,中华医学会儿科学分会肾脏病学组根据国家卫生健康委员会发布的相关疾病诊治方案和儿童CKD相关循证诊治指南,结合儿童2019-nCoV感染的临床特点,制定了CKD患儿2019-nCoV感染的防控建议,以供临床参考。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间急诊创伤骨科患者特点和处理策略

目的探讨新型冠状病毒肺炎(COVID-19)疫情期间急诊创伤患者的损伤特点和处理策略。方法回顾性分析2020年1月20日至2月26日期间南方医科大学南方医院骨科收治的22例创伤急症住院患者资料。男18例,女4例;年龄4~66岁,平均年龄35岁。致伤原因:交通伤11例,锐器切割伤(含菜刀切伤)6例,重物压砸伤1例,机器碾压伤1例,跌倒摔伤2例,机器绞伤1例;损伤类型:高能量损伤13例,低能量损伤9例;损伤部位:上肢7例,下肢15例。医护人员诊疗过程中对于无新型冠状病毒(2019-nCoV)核酸筛查结果的1例患者采用二级防护,其余21例患者采用一级防护。记录患者和医务人员感染2019-nCoV的情况,总结疫情期间创伤急症的处理措施和经验。结果在诊治22例创伤急症患者期间,无一例医务人员和患者确诊COVID-19。紧急入院未做筛查的1例患者按疑似COVID-19病例对待,采用二级防护,术后排除COVID-19。结论COVID-19疫情期间,处理创伤急症的一线医务人员接诊过程均面临较高感染风险。创伤骨科急诊患者主要是交通伤和机器伤,老年患者主要由锐器切割及跌倒引起。通过完善院前筛查、选择合适的麻醉及手术方式、做好围手术期医护人员的防护及合理的术后病房管理和患者心理疏导,可降低院内COVID-19感染发生率。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间外科患者围术期防控策略

目前新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情防控形势严峻,各级医疗机构在做好新型冠状病毒肺炎防控的同时,还需提供优质安全的常规医疗服务。笔者旨在通过严格患者分类管理以及围术期标准预防,为需行外科治疗的患者,尤其是需行急诊外科治疗的患者提供优质安全的医疗服务,减少院内感染,为新型冠状病毒肺炎防控贡献一份力量。     

Recomendaciones de consenso respecto al soporte respiratorio no invasivo en el paciente adulto con insuficiencia respiratoria aguda secundaria a infección por SARS-CoV-2

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a respiratory tract infection caused by a newly emergent coronavirus, that was first recognized in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. Currently, the World Health Organization (WHO) has defined the infection as a global pandemic and there is a health and social emergency for the management of this new infection. While most people with COVID-19 develop only mild or uncomplicated illness, approximately 14% develop severe disease that requires hospitalization and oxygen support, and 5% require admission to an intensive care unit. In severe cases, COVID-19 can be complicated by the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), sepsis and septic shock, and multiorgan failure. This consensus document has been prepared on evidence-informed guidelines developed by a multidisciplinary panel of health care providers from four Spanish scientific societies (Spanish Society of Intensive Care Medicine [SEMICYUC], Spanish Society of Pulmonologists [SEPAR], Spanish Society of Emergency [SEMES], Spanish Society of Anesthesiology, Reanimation, and Pain [SEDAR]) with experience in the clinical management of patients with COVID-19 and other viral infections, including SARS, as well as sepsis and ARDS. The document provides clinical recommendations for the noninvasive respiratory support (noninvasive ventilation, high flow oxygen therapy with nasal cannula) in any patient with suspected or confirmed presentation of COVID-19 with acute respiratory failure.This consensus guidance should serve as a foundation for optimized supportive care to ensure the best possible chance for survival and to allow for reliable comparison of investigational therapeutic interventions as part of randomized controlled trials.     

Liver Transplant in a Polymerase Chain Reaction–Positive COVID-19 Recipient: A Case Report

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) global pandemic has ushered in an era of hesitation in performing transplants in affected patients. This stems from the paucity of data regarding the testing modalities, long-term implications, and uncertain prognosis in this group of patients. Current guidance from the Centers for Disease Control recommends assessing symptoms rather than polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity. In light of these recommendations, we describe a case of an orthotopic liver transplant in a patient infected with COVID-19 with persistent PCR positivity for 40 days before retransplant. The patient's perioperative and postoperative course was uncomplicated. Our experience leads us to advocate for liver transplants in patients who are PCR positive for COVID-19 after careful individualized and multidisciplinary evaluation regarding their liver disease and COVID-19 symptomatology.     

Health care disparities during the COVID-19 pandemic

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is a pandemic with more than 32 million cases and more than 500,000 deaths nationwide. With the significant health consequences seen secondary to COVID-19, health care disparities have been further exacerbated. Mechanisms that have been proposed to account for the increased disparity seen during the COVID-19 pandemic are multifactorial. This review of the literature outlines the unique barriers to health and disparities that are associated with vulnerable communities who have been most impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States.     

Imaging of COVID-19: An update of current evidences

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), has been reported as a global emergency. As respiratory dysfunction is a major clinical presentation of COVID-19, chest computed tomography (CT) plays a central role in the diagnosis and management of patients with COVID-19. Recent advances in imaging approaches using artificial intelligence have been essential as a quantification and diagnostic tool to differentiate COVID-19 from other respiratory infectious diseases. Furthermore, cardiovascular involvement in patients with COVID-19 is not negligible and may result in rapid worsening of the disease and sudden death. Cardiac magnetic resonance imaging can accurately depict myocardial involvement in SARS-CoV-2 infection. This review summarizes the role of the radiology department in the management and the diagnosis of COVID-19, with a special emphasis on ultra-high-resolution CT findings, cardiovascular complications and the potential of artificial intelligence.     

Use of the rheumatic drug tocilizumab for treatment of SARS-CoV-2 patients

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a highly infectious respiratory disease caused by a new coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has been observed to vary in its degree of symptoms. One of the most important clinical manifestations is pneumonia and the subsequent worsening of the hyperinflammatory state and cytokine storm.Tocilizumab (TCB) is a recombinant humanized, anti-human monoclonal antibody of the immunoglobulin G1k (IgG1k) subclass that acts against soluble and membrane-bound interleukin six receptors (IL-6R). There is wide use of TCB in rheumatic diseases. However, recently this medication has been used in the treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection. Tocilizumab application in COVID-19 patients with a high risk of a cytokine storm shows a positive response in reducing the mortality rate. Moreover, TCB minimizes the time needed to recover, improves oxygenation, shortens the duration of vasopressor support, and reduces the likelihood of invasive mechanical ventilation.Therefore we provide an overview of recent studies to understand the efficacy of this drug under various circumstances, including COVID-19 and rheumatic pathologies. This article also explores and integrates the different treatment possibilities in prominent anti-inflammatory and immune-modulatory-related symptoms. The preliminary data demonstrate promising results regarding the efficacy of TCB use in severe COVID-19 patients. Nevertheless, randomized controlled trials, with adequate sample sizes and sufficient follow-up periods, are needed to form conclusions and establish treatment recommendations.     

Immunological parameters associated with the severity of COVID-19 pneumonia in kidney transplant recipients

International Urology and Nephrology - An outbreak of a novel respiratory disease due to coronavirus species was emerged in 2019 and named as Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Clinical and...     

新型冠状病毒感染肺炎背景下泌尿外科诊疗防控工作建议

2019年12月以来,湖北省武汉市发现了多例新型冠状病毒感染的肺炎(NCP)患者,随着疫情的蔓延,我国其他地区及境外也相继发现了相关病例,该病通过基因测序确定为一种新的冠状病毒,世界卫生组织(WHO)将其命名为2019冠状病毒病(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)。该病毒传染性极强,主要通过飞沫和密切接触的途径传播,泌尿外科老年患者居多,往往伴有不同程度的基础疾病或免疫功能低下,这些特点导致感染NCP机会明显增加,且易发展为重症患者。本文从泌尿外科日常防控工作出发,结合NCP疫情相关国家政策方案及最新研究进展,制定了泌尿外科诊疗防控工作建议。     

新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情期间小儿骨科创伤急诊手术及相关管理措施专家共识

2019年12月以来,以2019冠状病毒(2019 novel coronavirus,2019-nCoV)为病原体导致的新型冠状病毒肺炎(coronavirus disease 2019,COVID-19)患者在湖北省武汉市相继出现,并迅速波及全国。陆续的相关报告证实,COVID-19具有强传染性,可通过多种途径传播,包括儿童和青少年在内的所有人群对其普遍易感,这给防控带来巨大的困难。随着疫情的发展,小儿骨科急诊创伤患儿的急诊与住院治疗需求问题日益突显。在武汉市及全国多家抗疫一线小儿骨科医护人员的救治经验基础上,通过查阅已公布的相关防控条例,结合国内外关于2019-nCoV最新研究文献,充分了解其生物学特性和传染特点,综合既往已有的小儿骨科创伤救治原则和循证医学证据,制订本专家共识,为在COVID-19疫情期间对急诊创伤患儿进行手术治疗,制定出系统规范且符合小儿骨科临床实践的临床路径和防控措施,同时也为各级医院从门急诊、住院、手术到术后护理等各环节防控,并安全开展小儿骨科创伤急诊手术处理提供参考依据。     

Consensus guidelines for managing the airway in patients with COVID-19

Severe acute respiratory syndrome-corona virus-2, which causes coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), is highly contagious. Airway management of patients with COVID-19 is high risk to staff and patients. We aimed to develop principles for airway management of patients with COVID-19 to encourage safe, accurate and swift performance. This consensus statement has been brought together at short notice to advise on airway management for patients with COVID-19, drawing on published literature and immediately available information from clinicians and experts. Recommendations on the prevention of contamination of healthcare workers, the choice of staff involved in airway management, the training required and the selection of equipment are discussed. The fundamental principles of airway management in these settings are described for: emergency tracheal intubation; predicted or unexpected difficult tracheal intubation; cardiac arrest; anaesthetic care; and tracheal extubation. We provide figures to support clinicians in safe airway management of patients with COVID-19. The advice in this document is designed to be adapted in line with local workplace policies.