全国三级公立医院绩效考核背景下完善医疗质量管理的探索与实践

公立医院绩效考核是引领公立医院综合改革向纵深推进的重要抓手,是推进医院发展的重要举措.近年来,越来越多的医院认识到国家三级公立医院绩效考核在医院管理中的作用,积极尝试建立基于国家三级公立医院绩效考核指标的医院内部绩效考核体系.为适应医药卫生体制改革发展的需要,进一步挖掘医院内部潜力,根据国家三级公立医院绩效考核给出的方...     

二级公立医院发展有了衡量“标尺”

实施公立医院绩效考核是党中央、国务院重大决策部署,是检验公立医院改革发展成效的重要标尺。通过近年来研究并实施三级公立医院绩效考核,国家卫生健康委已建立起标准化、信息化绩效考核支撑体系,统一绩效考核所需的编码规则,建成并开放国家公立医院绩效考核管理平台,各地已自建绩效考核平台或依托国家平台开展属地化考核工作,为全面推进公立医院绩效考核工作奠定了基础、积累了经验,目前,开展二级公立医院绩效考核的经验及技术条件基本满足。     

四川:二级医院是实现分级诊疗的“桥梁”

2019年启动并实施的三级公立医院绩效考核,已建立标准化、信息化绩效考核支撑体系,统一了绩效考核所需的编码规则,建成并开放国家公立医院绩效考核管理平台,全国各地已自建绩效考核平台或依托国家平台开展属地化考核工作,这为全面推进公立医院绩效考核工作奠定了基础、积累了经验。     

河南省中牟县人民医院:质量管理是医院发展的生命线

公立医院绩效考核是公立医院发展的“坐标系”,2019年开展公立医院绩效考核工作以来,河南省中牟县人民医院以绩效考核为抓手,夯实基础,狠抓管理,促进医院高质量发展。     

绩效考核 “标尺”更科学更精细

正公立医院绩效考核是检验公立医院改革发展成效的重要标尺。2019年1月,国家启动三级公立医院绩效考核工作,通过一年的考核实践,国家卫生健康委已建立起标准化、信息化绩效考核支撑体系,统一了绩效考核所需的编码规则,建成并开放国家公立医院绩效考核管理平台,各省份已自建省级绩效考核平台或依托国家平台开展属地化考核工作,为全面推进公立医院绩效考核工作奠定了基础、积累了经验。     

多维度视角下公立医院内部绩效管理优化路径研究△

国家三级公立医院绩效考核实施,对公立医院精细化管理提出了更高要求。本文总结了目前公立医院绩效考核管理的现状及不足,结合某医院内部绩效管理优化的实践,从医院绩效考核管理顶层设计、绩效管理方法、指标体系构建、绩效闭环管理以及绩效管理的信息化建设几个方面提出关于公立医院绩效管理优化路径的思考。     

优化公立医院绩效考核管理的对策思考

作为首批深化医改的综合试点省份之一,安徽省2015年开展三级公立医院绩效考核工作以来,成果显著.本文以A市为例,分析了公立医院绩效考核管理的现状,并提出优化对策:优化绩效考核指标,同步建立配套激励机制;单独考核护理人员;强化绩效沟通,拓展对考核结果的应用;完善绩效考核的保障机制.     

公立医院绩效考核与薪酬激励的问题及对策

结合公立医院绩效考核与薪酬激励的具体实践,就当前公立医院绩效考核与薪酬激励存在的问题及原因进行了分析探讨,就发挥公立医院绩效考核与薪酬激励的指挥棒、公平秤作用需要遵循的基本原则和有关对策进行了研究,为公立医院实施绩效薪酬管理提供了有益的借鉴与参考。     

公立医院薪酬制度改革与薪酬分配体系研究

通过系统梳理公立医院薪酬制度改革现状,分析薪酬制度改革与薪酬分配体系建设的核心要素,并基于薪酬分配与经济运行的关系、薪酬结构、分配机制、绩效考核、公平性五方面核心要素,探讨公立医院薪酬制度改革可能存在的阻力和难点问题,从加大公立医院补偿、加强文化建设、提高经济管理能力、加强绩效考核等方面提出相关建议,为公立医院薪酬制度改革以及公立医院薪酬体系建设提供参考.     

用好“指挥棒”，提升二级公立医院临床服务能力

<正>根据国家要求，云南省于2020年启动二级公立医院绩效考核工作，要求各州市按照属地化管理原则，将全部二级公立医院纳入绩效考核范围。截至目前，云南省参加二级公立医院绩效考核的医院已达216家，所有二级以上综合、专科、中医、民族医医疗机构均纳入公立医院绩效考核管理。     

Calcium intake in the elderly: validation of a dietary questionnaire

Epidemiological studies of calcium and osteoporosis have been hampered by the lack of a suitable tool for assessing calcium intake. This report describes a new frequency and amount questionnaire for measuring present and past calcium intake in the elderly. The validity of the questionnaire was tested against two commonly used standards of dietary assessment, five-day duplicate diets and seven-day weighed dietary inventories. The resulting correlation coefficients were, respectively, r = 0.76 and r = 0.69, while that for repeatability was r = 0.84. Furthermore, the questionnaire categorized subjects into thirds of the distribution of intake with almost no gross misclassification. It is suggested that the present findings may be extended to the majority of normal, healthy elderly subjects, implying wide application for the questionnaire in the assessment of calcium intake in the elderly.     

The human drama of genetics: 'hard' and 'soft' media representations of inherited breast cancer

This paper examines media coverage of 'breast cancer genetics', and explores its implications for public understanding. We present a content analysis of coverage in British newspapers and look at a variety of popular forms, including women's magazines, television soap opera and radio drama. Genetic/inherited risk receives a great deal of coverage across a wide range of media formats and outlets. Much of this attention has focused on individuals from 'high risk families' and dilemmas around prophylactic mastectomies. Through examining media coverage, combined with interviews with media personnel and their sources, we show why this story proved so attractive to the media and highlight the different production values which influence coverage. Finally, we introduce preliminary findings from focus group discussions to demonstrate how such 'human interest' framing has engaged audience attention and influenced public understandings. The paper concludes by highlighting the implications for analysing, predicting, and engaging with, media representations of science.     

Self-reported health problems among Swedish miners one year after unemployment

Unemployment is considered to be a public health concern sincedeterioration in the health of the unemployed is often anticipated.However, for some groups, such as miners, unemployment mightimprove health due to a cessation of potentially harmful occupationalexposures. This study evaluates the health of 79 miners in oneSwedish iron-ore mine, and 226 age-matched controls from thegeneral population, during one year after the closure of themine. The participants received a questionnaire regarding medicalhistory and subjective symptoms at the beginning of the studyperiod, and after one year. Statistically significant negativeeffects on self-reported health attributable to unemploymentwere not found, although neuropsychiatric symptoms were morecommon among the unemployed miners. The miners reported a statisticallysignificant improvement in grip force (p=0.031). They had asignificantly higher prevalence of symptoms associated withmining related exposures when compared with the population controls;pain in the upper extremities [relative risk (RR)=2.27, 95%confidence interval (Cl)=1.44–3.59), back pain (RR=1.84;Cl=1.237–2.75), vasospastic disease of the fingers (RR=2.05;Cl=1.18–3.57) and obstructive respiratory symptoms (attacksof dyspnea and wheezing: RR=3.67; Cl=1.167–11.6).     

Excès de cas humains et animaux de tularémie en France au cours de l’hiver 2007–2008 : émergence ou phénomène isolé ?

Context

Tularemia is a zoonosis affecting humans and hares in France. We describe the results of surveillance in both species, in 2007 and 2008.

Methods

Human tularemia cases are mandatorily notifiable in France since 2003. In hares, surveillance relies on volunteer hunter associations in all districts of the country. Data from mandatory reports and volunteer surveillance in 2007/2008 were analyzed and compared with previous results.

Results

In 2007/2008, 144 cases were reported in humans and 117 cases in hares. This was a 100% increase compared to previous years. Human cases differed from those of previous years only by the frequency of contact with breeding animals. Human cases without any documented risk exposure were also more frequent.

Conclusion

An increase of tularemia cases occurred in 2007/2008 in both species. Complementary studies are needed to identify the species reservoir in France to understand the causes of this peak of cases.     

深圳公立医院管理体制改革制度设计

深圳公立医院管理体制改革实行政事分开、管办分开,在理事会架构下按法定机构模式组建市医管中心,落实公立医院运营管理自主权.作者从当前公立医院管理体制的弊端入手,介绍了深圳市进行公立医院管理体制改革的基本思路及改革方案设计的主要举措,深入剖析了的改革方案的特点,并对改革效果进行了预测.     

Effects of nitrogen dioxide on red blood cells of rats: Changes in components of red cell membranes during in vivo exposure to NO2

Red cell membranes, prepared from red blood cells of rats exposed to 4, 10, or 20 ppm nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) for 1 to 10 days, were examined for evidence of changes in membrane components. Appreciable changes were not found in contents of phospholipid and cholesterol during exposure to 10 ppm NO₂. By contrast, protein content altered with the time of exposure. Moreover, changes in protein composition were observed by employing sodium dodecyl sulfate — polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Twenty-four-hour exposure to NO₂ at the concentration above 10 ppm resulted in a marked increase in the percentage of lysophosphatidylethanolamine (LysoPE) to the total phospholipids. The prolonged exposure to 10 ppm NO₂ gave rise to a further increase in LysoPE, whereas the percentage of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) showed a gradual decrease. A 1-day exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂ also caused an increase in sialic acid content and decreases in those of PE and hexose. In addition to contents of these components the percentage of LysoPE increased 5 days after exposure and the elevated values were maintained up to the end of exposure period. These results demonstrate that red blood cells in circulation exhibit different membrane properties in terms of lipid and carbohydrate composition during 10 days of exposure to 4.0 ppm NO₂.     

Occupational health hazards in mining: an overview

This review article outlines the physical, chemical, biological, ergonomic and psychosocial occupational health hazards of mining and associated metallurgical processes. Mining remains an important industrial sector in many parts of the world and although substantial progress has been made in the control of occupational health hazards, there remains room for further risk reduction. This applies particularly to traumatic injury hazards, ergonomic hazards and noise. Vigilance is also required to ensure exposures to coal dust and crystalline silica remain effectively controlled.     

Manufacture and use of nanomaterials: current status in the UK and global trends

This paper provides an overview of the production and use of nanomaterials (NMs), particularly in the UK. Currently, relatively few companies in the UK are identifiable as NM manufacturers, the main emphasis being the bulk markets in metals and metal oxides, and some niche markets such as carbon nanotubes and quantum dots. NM manufacturing in the UK does not reflect the global emphasis on fullerenes, nanotubes and fibres. Some assumptions have been made about the types of NM that are likely to be imported into the UK, which currently include fullerenes, modified fullerenes and other carbon-based NMs including nanotubes. Many university departments, spin-offs and private companies have developed processes for the manufacture of NMs but may only be producing small quantities for research and development (R&D) purposes. However, some have the potential to scale up to produce large quantities. The nanotechnology industry in the UK has strong R&D backup from universities and related institutions. This review has covered R&D trends at such institutions, and appropriate information has been added to a searchable database. While several companies are including NMs in their products, only a few (e.g. manufacturers of paints, coatings, cosmetics, catalysts, polymer composites) are using nanoparticles (NPs) in any significant quantities. However, this situation is likely to change rapidly. There is a need to collect more information about exposure to NPs in both manufacturing and user scenarios. As the market grows, and as manufacturers switch from the micro- to the nanoscale, the potential for exposure will increase. More research is required to quantify any risks to workers and consumers.     

Worker education in the primary prevention of occupational dermatoses

This paper reports the evaluation of a skin care education programmeconducted on a fine chemicals manufacturing site where over1,000 employees are located. Approximately 60% are involvedin chemical manufacture. Over a 12 month period production staffreceived training in prevention of occupational dermatoses linkedto a site-wide poster initiative. The incidence of new casesof occupational dermatoses fell from 0.055 (70 cases in 1,277employees) to 0.021 (27 cases in 1,277 employees) before andafter the intervention respectively (p<0.0001). After otherfactors such as chemicals handled, observer bias and changesin reporting related to socioeconomic climate were taken intoaccount it is concluded that this study demonstrates the importanceof worker education as a tool for primary prevention of disease.Training materials such as video and poster presentations maybe effectively used in the chemical manufacturing industry asan adjunct to prevention and control of exposure to substanceshazardous to the skin. Such methods may also be used in otherindustries where there are significant risks of dermatoses.