重组大鼠质粒pEGFP-GDNF的构建及真核细胞转染

目的　构建携带大鼠胶质细胞源性神经营养因子(GDNF)基因的真核细胞表达载体,为应用GDNF进行如帕金森综合征之类的神经元退化性疾病的基因治疗打基础。方法　采用RT- PCR方法从大鼠胎脑组织总RNA中扩增出该基因的c DNA序列,并克隆到增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)报告基因的真核表达载体p EGFP- C1中,对重组质粒p EGFP- GDNF进一步鉴定。采用电转及阳离子脂质体将重组质粒p EGFP- GDNF转染至SH- SY5 Y细胞。结果　大鼠GDNF c DNA已正确地克隆到真核表达载体p EGFP- C1中,而构建成重组大鼠质粒p EGFP-GDNF。GDNF基因可稳定表达在细胞中。结论　真核细胞表达载体p EGFP- GDNF以及表达GDNF工程细胞SH-SY5 Y的成功构建,为进一步开展GDNF基因治疗PD等中枢神经系统疾病奠定了基础。     

稳定表达GDNF／EGFP融合基因的骨髓基质干细胞对多巴胺能神经元的保护作用

目的　 构建GDNF基因修饰的骨髓基质干细胞 ,并观察其对多巴胺能神经元的营养支持作用。方法　 应用逆转录聚合酶链反应 (RT PCR)方法从新生小鼠大脑皮层细胞克隆出GDNFcDNA片段 ,以pEGFP C1为载体导入骨髓基质干细胞 (MSCs) ,制备稳定表达GDNF/EGFP融合基因的MSCs工程细胞 ,用联合培养的技术通过倒置显微镜和免疫组织化学的方法观察MSCs和GDNF基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞与多巴胺能神经元的相互作用。 结果　MSCs和GDNF基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞共培养均能促进多巴胺能神经元的存活和生长 ,MSCs工程细胞作用更强。 结论　 成功构建了GDNF基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞 ,该细胞对多巴胺能神经元有明显营养保护作用 ,在帕金森病治疗中可能有重要价值     

稳定表达GDNF基因的骨髓基质干细胞对多巴胺能神经元的作用

目的 制备胶质细胞源性神经生长因子(GDNF)基因修饰的骨髓基质干细胞(MSCs)，观察其对多巴胺能神经元的作用，探索治疗帕金森氏病的新途径。方法 应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法从新生小鼠大脑皮层细胞克隆出GDNF cDNA片断，以pEGFP-C1为载体导入MSCs，制备稳定表达GDNF基因的MSCs工程细胞，采用联合培养的技术通过倒置显微镜和免疫组织化学的方法观察MSCs和GDNF基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞与多巴胺能神经元之间的相互作用。结果 MSCs和GDNF基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞均能促进多巴胺能神经元的存活和生长，MSCs工程细胞作用更强。结论 成功构建了GDNF基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞，该细胞对多巴胺能神经元有明显营养保护作用，在帕金森病治疗中可能有重要价值。     

GDNF基因修饰的骨髓基质干细胞分泌物对多巴胺能神经元的营养作用

目的:克隆GDNF基因并修饰骨髓基质干细胞,观察该工程细胞分泌物对多巴胺能神经元的营养作用。方法:应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法从新生小鼠大脑皮层细胞克隆出GDNFcDNA片断,以pECPP-Cl为载体导入骨髓基质干细胞,制备稳定表达GDNF基因的MSCs工程细胞,收集并浓缩MSCs和GDNF’基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞的条件培养液,通过MTT、倒置显微镜和免疫组织化学的方法观察MSCs和GDNF基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞分泌物对多巴胺能神经元的营养作用。结果:MSCs和GDNF基因修饰的MSC工程细胞分泌物均能促进多巴胺能神经元的存活和生长,MSCs工程细胞作用更强。结论:成功构建了GDNF基因修饰的MSCs工程细胞,该细胞对多巴胺能神经元有明显营养保护作用,在帕金森病治疗中可能有重要价值。     

EGFP在EGFP/GDNF融合基因修饰骨髓基质干细胞中的示踪作用

目的探索增强型绿色荧光蛋白(EGFP)能否作为标记基因追踪胶质源性神经生长因子(GDNF)基因修饰的骨髓基质干细胞(MSC)在体内外的存活、生长、分化和表达外源目的基因的情况.方法应用逆转录聚合酶链反应(RT-PCR)方法从新生小鼠大脑皮质细胞克隆出GDNF cDNA片断,连入pEGFP-C1载体,构建表达EGFP和GDNF融合蛋白的质粒并转染MSC,将稳定表达EGFP-GDNF基因的细胞株植入小鼠纹状体.用荧光显微镜和免疫组织化学的方法在体内外观察MSC.结果成功制备EGFP-GDNF融合基因修饰的MSC工程细胞,免疫组织化学方法检测显示GDNF呈强阳性,在体内外MSC工程细胞均发出明亮的绿色荧光,并且绿色荧光可反映细胞形态学变化.结论在EGFP-GDNF融合基因修饰的MSC工程细胞中EGFP可作为标记基因同时标记GDNF和MSC.     

胶质细胞源性神经营养因子诱导骨髓基质细胞向多巴胺能神经元分化的观察

目的 探讨胶质细胞源性神经营养因子（GDNF）在体外能否诱导骨髓基质细胞（BMSCs）向多巴胺（DA）能神经元分化及可能机制。方法无菌条件下，抽取成年SD大鼠胫骨内骨髓组织，分离制备成单细胞悬液进行培养。将增殖传代至第5代的BMSCs随机分为GDNF诱导组和对照组。继续培养7d后，应用BrdU／GFAP、BrdU/NeuN和TH免疫荧光单标和双标技术检测BMSCs增殖和分化情况。结果两组BMSCs继续培养7d后，增殖仍然活跃，有部分细胞向神经元和胶质样细胞分化，呈Brdu，GFAP、BrdU/NeuN和TH阳性表达，但GDNF组的增殖力更强，向神经元和TH神经元分化的数量明显多于对照组（P〈0．05）。结论GDNF能促进BMSCs的增殖和诱导BMSCs分化成神经元和胶质样细胞，其中少部分可分化为TH神经元（即DA能神经元）。     

含GDNF基因真核载体的构建及其在大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达

目的构建含GDNF基因真核表达载体,并分析其在大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞中的表达。方法从SD大鼠脑中提取总RNA,采用逆转录PCR法扩增GDNF基因,测序鉴定后将GDNF基因克隆入p CDNA3.1中,构建真核表达载体p CDNA3.1-GDNF;原代培养大鼠间充质干细胞,以脂质体介导法将构建好的真核表达载体p CDNA3.1-GDNF转染至间充质干细胞;RT-PCR、细胞免疫荧光、Western blot检测GDNF在间充质干细胞中的表达。结果扩增的大鼠GDNF基因序列与Gen Bbank的参考序列完全一致,GDNF基因已经正确克隆到真核表达载体p CDNA3.1中;转染骨髓间充质干细胞4 h后,GDNF的mRNA和蛋白能在细胞中正确表达。结论 p CDNA3.1-GDNF真核表达载体构建成功,并能在大鼠间充质干细胞中正确表达,这为下一步研究携带GDNF的骨髓间充质干细胞治疗癫痫奠定了实验基础。     

GDNF和GM1体外联合诱导骨髓基质干细胞向多巴胺能神经元分化的实验研究

目的应用GDNF和GM1体外联合诱导MSCs转化为多巴胺能(DA)神经元。探索体外诱导MSCs定向分化为DA能神经元的最佳条件。方法取雄性Wistar大鼠股骨和胫骨骨髓,密度梯度离心法分离获取单个核细胞。进行MSCs的体外培养和传代扩增。采用贴壁培养法使MSCs得到纯化。依据加入的神经营养因子不同分为对照组及实验组(GM1组、GDNF组、GDNF GM1组)。诱导过程中在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态变化,分别在诱导第3天、第7天进行NSE、GFAP、TH免疫细胞化学检测。计数NSE和TH阳性细胞数,并计算阳性细胞百分比。采用SPSS10.0软件进行统计学处理。结果对照组可见少量NSE阳性细胞。各实验组比较发现,GDNF GM1组NSE阳性细胞率最高,GDNF组次之,GM1组最低。单独应用GDNF和GM1不能诱导MSCs表达TH,联合应用GDNF和GM1可诱导MSCs表达TH。随着诱导时间的延长,TH阳性表达增加。结论GDNF能够单独诱导MSCs向神经元样细胞分化,GM1不能单独诱导MSCs分化为神经元样细胞,但与GDNF联合,不仅可明显促进MSCs向神经元样细胞分化,而且部分细胞能够表达TH。     

神经干细胞转染酪氨酸羟化酶基因后的分化

目的 探讨神经干细胞（NSCs）转梁酪氨酸羟化酶（TH）基因后的分化。方法 从胚胎16天Wistar大鼠室管膜前下周围区分离、增殖、鉴定NSCs；将TH基因和缺陷性逆转录病毒载体N2A构建成真核表达质粒，以电穿孔将其转入PA317包装细胞内；收集PA317包装产生的逆转录病毒颗粒，感染体外培养的NSCs，经G418筛选，获得成功转染TH基因的NSCs克隆；分别以0.4ng/ml bFGF和5％胎牛血清诱导转染及未转染TH基因的NSCs分化，比较TH基因转染及不同诱导方式对NSCs分化的影响，同时在分化细胞内检测TH的表达。结果 以0.4ng/ml bFGF诱导可使95％以上的NSCs分化为神经元，而5％FBS诱导则大多分化为神经胶质细胞，无论是否转染TH基因，神经元及神经胶质细胞的分化比例不成生改变；TH基因转染后能在神经干细胞的子代细胞内高效、稳定表达。结论 TH基因转染不影响NSCs的分化潜能，TH能在神经干细胞的子代细胞中有效表达0.4ng/ml bFGF诱导可以促使NSCs分化为神经元。     

α3神经型尼古丁受体基因上调对SH-SY5Y细胞突触素水平的影响

目的构建使α3nAChR基因上调的重组质粒α3nAChR-pcDNA3.1并转染至神经母细胞瘤细胞(SH-SY5Y),研究α3nAChR基因上调对细胞突触素(SYP)水平的影响。方法设计α3nAChR上下游引物,通过逆转录PCR的方法获取人α3nAChR特异核苷酸序列,并将其克隆到质粒载体pcDNA3.1上,构建重组质粒α3nAChR-pcDNA3.1;瞬时转染至SH-SY5Y细胞后,用Real-time法和蛋白免疫印迹法分别α3nAChR及蛋白水平,并检测上调细胞中SYPmRNA和蛋白水平的变化。结果成功构建了使α3nAChR基因上调的重组质粒α3nAChRpcDNA3.1;将α3nAChR-pcDNA3.1质粒转染到SH-SY5Y细胞后,与空载质粒组及正常对照组相比,α3nAChRmRNA及蛋白表达水平分别增加了422%和106%(P0.05);SYPmRNA及蛋白表达水平分别增加了115%和43%(P0.05)。结论α3nAChR表达的上调可使细胞SYP的表达增加,说明了α3nAChR与SYP密切相关,在AD的发生中可能起着重要作用。     

SH-SY5Y神经细胞中α7神经型尼古丁受体基因过表达对CaMK Ⅱ和CREB的影响

目的研究SH-SY5Y神经细胞中α7 nAChR基因过表达对CaMKⅡ和CREB的影响。方法复苏稳定转染α7 nAChR-pc DNA3.1质粒及空载质粒的SH-SY5Y神经细胞后,用含G418的培养液进行筛选培养;应用实时荧光定量PCR法和蛋白印迹法(Western blot)检测α7 nAChR基因过表达组、空载质粒组和正常对照组细胞中CaMKⅡ、CREB mRNA及蛋白表达水平的变化。结果与对照组相比,α7 nAChR基因过表达细胞组的CaMKⅡ、CREB mRNA表达水平分别增加了116.8%和114.7%(P0.01);及CaMKⅡ、CREB蛋白表达水平分别增加了8.7%(P0.05)和41.4%(P0.05)。结论α7 nAChR的神经保护作用可能与上调细胞CaMKⅡ、CREB水平有关。     

Mitogenic effect of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor is dependent on the activation of p70S6 kinase,but independent of the activation of ERK and up-regulation of Ret in SH-SY5Y cells

Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) activates c-Ret tyrosine kinase and several downstream intracellular pathways; the biological effects caused by the activation of each of these pathways, however, remain to be elucidated. Here we report the ability of GDNF to induce proliferation, rather than differentiation, of neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) by targeting the signaling pathway responsible for mediating this proliferative effect. GDNF induces the phosphorylation of Akt and p70S6 kinase (p70S6K) in SH-SY5Y cells in which Ret protein expression is relatively low. Interestingly, treating SH-SY5Y cells with retinoic acid greatly increases Ret protein levels and GDNF-induced Ret tyrosine phosphorylation, but does not affect the mitogenic action of GDNF and the activation of the Akt/p70S6K pathway. In contrast, the activation of the ERK pathway and the resulting induction of immediate-early genes parallel the increases in Ret protein levels. Rapamycin, a specific inhibitor of p70S6K activation by the mammalian target of rapamycin, completely prevents GDNF-induced proliferation and activation of p70S6K. These results suggest that GDNF promotes cell proliferation via the activation of p70S6K, independent of the ERK signaling pathway, and that GDNF activates the Akt/p70S6K pathway more efficiently than the ERK pathway in the cells in which Ret expression is low.     

T型钙通道在人类神经母细胞瘤细胞上的表达

Human neuroblastoma cells (SH-SY5Y) have similar structures and functions as neural cells and have been frequently used for cell culture studies of neural cell functions.Previous studies have revealed L-and N-type calcium channels in SH-SY5Y cells.However,the distribution of the low-voltage activated calcium channel (namely called T-type calcium channel,including Cav3.1,Cav3.2,and Cav3.3) in SH-SY5Y cells remains poorly understood.The present study detected mRNA and protein expres-sion of the T-type calcium channel (Cav3.1,Cav3.2,and Cav3.3) in cultured SH-SY5Y cells using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis.Results revealed mRNA and protein expression from all three T-type calcium channel subtypes in SH-SY5Y cells.Moreover,Cav3.1 was the predominant T-type calcium channel subtype in SH-SY5Y cells.     

过量表达野生型和突变型早老素1基因对SH-SY5Y细胞的影响

目的观察转染人野生型和突变型早老素1(Presenilin1,PS1)-EGPF后对SH-SY5Y细胞的影响。方法采用定点突变技术构建含突变PS1基因的质粒及与绿色荧光蛋白共表达载体,转染至SY5Y细胞中,筛选出稳定表达的细胞克隆并鉴定;观察转染后各组细胞之间形态的区别,MTT法测定细胞活力并进行比较。结果稳定表达野生型和突变型PS1的细胞模型构建成功,转染pcDNA3.1/PS1突变质粒的细胞活力明显降低。结论此细胞模型的建立为下一步研究突变型PS1在AD发病机制中的作用奠定了基础。     

Long-term therapeutic effects on parkinsonian rats of intrastriatal co-grafts with genetically engineered fibroblasts expressing tyrosine hydroxylase and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

The long-term improvement of intrastriatal co-grafts with genetically engineered fibroblasts expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was investigated in the present study. Two recombinant vectors, pCMV-TH and pCI-neo-GDNF, were transfected respectively into the primary fibroblasts, and their expression was further identified by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. The engineered fibroblasts expressing TH, GDNF, or both were transplanted into the striatum of parkinsonian rats, and the therapeutic effects were observed for 20 weeks. Data revealed that only animals with fibroblasts expressing both TH and GDNF exhibited a stable and significant behavioral and biochemical recovery. Moreover, persistence of both TH and GDNF expression in grafts was demonstrated 20 weeks after transplantation. These results suggest that combined transplantation of fibroblasts expressing TH and GDNF can lead to long-term and remarkable therapeutic effects on parkinsonian rat model.     

Long-term therapeutic effects on parkinsonian rats of intrastriatal co-grafts with genetically engineered fibroblasts expressing tyrosine hydroxylase and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor

The long-term improvement of intrastriatal co-grafts with genetically engineered fibroblasts expressing tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) was investigated in the present study. Two recombinant vectors, pCMV-TH and pCI-neo-GDNF, were transfected respectively into the primary fibroblasts, and their expression was further identified by in situ hybridization and immunocytochemistry. The engineered fibroblasts expressing TH, GDNF, or both were transplanted into the striatum of parkinsonian rats, and the therapeutic effects were observed for 20 weeks. Data revealed that only animals with fibroblasts expressing both TH and GDNF exhibited a stable and significant behavioral and biochemical recovery. Moreover, persistence of both TH and GDNF expression in grafts was demonstrated 20 weeks after transplantation. These results suggest that combined transplantation of fibroblasts expressing TH and GDNF can lead to long-term and remarkable therapeutic effects on parkinsonian rat model.     

Differentiation of a human neuroblastoma into neuron-like cells increases their susceptibility to transduction by herpesviral vectors

Gene transfer is a powerful tool for functional gene analysis in human cells. In this respect, there is a need to develop experimental models that involve homogeneous cultures of human neuron-like cells susceptible to gene transduction and that are easy to handle. Here we describe an optimized and reproducible procedure to differentiate human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells into a homogeneous population of neuron-like cells. The fully differentiated cells are postmitotic and resemble primary cultured neurons in terms of their cytoskeletal polarity. Notably, differentiated SH-SY5Y cells are far more susceptible to transduction by herpes simplex virus (HSV-1)-based vectors than proliferating SH-SY5Y cells. This increase in transduction efficiency after neuronal differentiation may be due to the up-regulation of cell surface receptors for herpesvirus entry. In summary, we propose that fully differentiated human neuron-like cells obtained from the SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma may constitute an excellent and versatile experimental tool for gene transfer and functional genomic studies with HSV-1 vectors.     

重组大鼠质粒pEGFP-GDNF的构建及大鼠胚胎神经干细胞转染的研究

目的 探讨携带GDNF基因的神经干细胞表达载体的构建方法。方法 采用RT-PCR方法从大鼠胎脑组织总RNA中扩增出该基因的全序列cDNA，并克隆到增强型绿色荧光蛋白（EGFP）报告基因的真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中，经酶切鉴定及测序分析对重组质粒pEGFP-GDNF作进一步鉴定。采用阳离子脂质体将重组质粒pEGFP-GDNF转染至鼠胚胎神经干细胞。结果 大鼠GD-NF cDNA已正确地克隆到真核表达载体pEGFP-C1中，而构建成重组大鼠质粒pEGFP-GDNF，GDNF基因在细胞中可稳定表达。结论 神经干细胞可直接作为基因靶细胞，能被GDNF真核细胞表达载体pEGFP-GDNF有效的感染。     

TH基因修饰细胞脑内移植治疗猴帕金森病的实验研究

目的 评价包囊化酪氨酸羟化酶（tyrosine hydroylase,TH）基因修饰的基因工程细胞脑内移植治疗帕金森病的疗效。方法 将pcDNA3/hTH质粒转染人神经母细胞瘤细胞系SYTY细胞，筛选出阳性克隆，微包囊化处理后的含有TH基因修饰细胞植入PD猴模型脑内，观察其行为、CSF中DA含量的变化，用免疫组化法检查移植细胞的存活情况。结果 （1）pcDNA3/hTH基因经亚克隆，提取纯化的质粒，经ECORI酶切后产生1.9Kb和5.5Kb的片段。转基因后的SY5Y细胞免疫细胞化学染色显示TH染色强阳性；（2）移植后PD猴症状明显改善，脑脊液中DA含量升高；（3）SABC免疫组化发现移植区存在大量TH阳／性细胞。结论 构建的TH基因工程细胞体外和体内均表达人类TH基因；微包囊化处理后的基因工程细胞在PD猴脑内存活并发挥治疗作用。