抗青光眼术后浅前房的前房重建手术

目的 探讨青光眼滤过术后浅前房的手术方法和效果.方法 取17例抗青光眼术后浅前房患者经保守治疗无效,有7只眼发生脉络膜脱离,5只眼行脉络膜上腔放液+前房成形术,1只眼行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术及前房成形术,1只眼行脉络膜上腔放液+白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术+前部玻璃体切割术+前房成形术.有9只眼发生恶性青光眼,1例行抽玻璃体水囊联合前房成形术,3例行前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开联合小梁切除及丝裂霉素联合白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及房角分离术,1例行前部玻璃体切除术中发生脉络膜脱离及脉络膜上腔出血行前部玻璃体切除联合玻璃体腔放液,2只眼行前部玻璃体切除联合白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及房角分离术,1例行前部玻璃体切除联合前房成形术,术后前房仍浅又行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入及后囊膜切开及房角分离术,1例为视网膜脱离术后硅油存留眼行白内障超声乳化联合虹膜周边切除术及前房成形术.结果 术后前房恢复时间脉络膜脱离组行脉络膜上腔放液及前房成形术平均为5.6d,恶性青光眼组行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术联合前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开组前房恢复时间最短,平均为1.1d.结论 恶性青光眼组行白内障超声乳化及人工晶状体植入术联合前部玻璃体切除及后囊切开治疗有效快速.     

经角巩膜缘入路玻璃体切割手术治疗永存原始玻璃体增生症合并前房消失及角膜混浊的疗效观察

目的 观察经角巩膜缘入路玻璃体切割手术治疗永存原始玻璃体增生症（PHPV）合并前房消失、角膜混浊的临床效果。方法 临床确诊为PHPV且合并前房消失、角膜混浊的16例患儿16只眼纳入研究。所有患眼均为混合型PHPV,其中央角膜混浊、前房消失、瞳孔闭锁前粘连、晶状体混浊。患眼中,视力为跟随运动1只眼,强光刺激反应15只眼。合并有小眼球7只眼,视网膜全脱离4只眼,视盘发育不良3只眼,局限视网膜皱襞1只眼,高眼压4只眼。所有患眼行经角巩膜缘入路玻璃体切割手术,手术中分离房角、瞳孔成形,切除晶状体组织及其后增生膜,切除或切断晶状体后原始玻璃体增生条索;视网膜脱离者于玻璃体切割手术后注入长效气体。手术后随访时间为9~21个月,平均随访时间15.8个月。观察患眼视力、眼压和眼前后节结构。结果 手术中所有患儿均未出现玻璃体积血、医源性视网膜裂孔等并发症。末次随访时,所有患眼前房深度正常,瞳孔圆形,视轴中心区暴露,角膜混浊程度较手术前减轻。视力强光刺激8只眼,不配合视力检查但有注视跟随运动者6只眼,最佳矫正视力为20/940者1只眼,最佳矫正视力为20/500者1只眼。4只视网膜脱离眼中,视网膜复位3只眼,占75%;视网膜未复位1只眼,呈视网膜部分展开。手术前高眼压的4只眼中,手术后眼压降至正常3只眼,占75%;手术后眼压控制不理想1只眼,占25%。 结论 经角巩膜缘入路玻璃体切割手术能有效控制PHPV合并前房消失、角膜混浊患眼的病变发展,改善眼球外观,提高视力。     

Keratoplasty for pseudophakic keratopathy

Penetrating corneal grafts were performed on 15 eyes with keratopathy due to implantation of iris-supported intraocular lenses, on one eye with keratopathy due to an anterior chamber lens, and one eye with keratopathy due to a posterior chamber lens. A systematic meticulous surgical technique, with a softened eye, the use of a Flieringa ring, anterior vitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate (Healon) have resulted in clear grafts in all except in four eyes. Although most grafts have remained clear, the visual results are poor mainly due to glaucoma and/or maculopathy. Every effort was made to retain the implants and some were repositioned and sutured to the iris. Long-term postoperative follow-up, with good patient compliance and the judicious use of topical corticosteroids and timolol, is essential to maintain clear grafts.     

KERATOPLASTY FOR PSEUDOPHAKIC KERATOPATHY

Penetrating corneal grafts were performed on 15 eyes with keratopathy due to implantation of iris-supported intraocular lenses, on one eye with keratopathy due to an anterior chamber lens, and one eye with keratopathy due to a posterior chamber lens.
A systematic meticulous surgical technique, with a softened eye, the use of a Flieringa ring, anterior vitrectomy and sodium hyaluronate (Healon) have resulted in clear grafts in all except in four eyes. Although most grafts have remained clear, the visual results are poor mainly due to glaucoma and/or maculopathy.
Every effort was made to retain the implants and some were repositioned and sutured to the iris. Long-term postoperative follow-up, with good patient compliance and the judicious use of topical corticosteroids and timolol, is essential to maintain clear grafts.     

迟缓型恶性青光眼的特点及治疗方法的选择

目的:探讨迟缓型恶性青光眼的特点及治疗方法的选择。方法:观察12例(14眼)迟缓型恶性青光眼出现的时间、眼压、前房深度及处置方法的选择。结果:术后出现恶性青光眼的时间1～8(平均3.1)mo;前浅房程度:Ⅱ°:7眼,Ⅲ°:7眼;眼压:28～46(平均34.6)mmHg。3眼经药物治疗后恢复前房;其余分别选择手术治疗;2眼行玻璃体水囊抽吸+前房成形术;2眼行玻璃体水囊抽吸+前房成形+Phaco+后囊截开术;3眼行前部玻璃体部分切除+Phaco+后囊截开术;4眼行前部玻璃体部分切除+Phaco+后囊截开+IOL术;术后均恢复前房。术后眼压14～23(平均18.3)mmHg。结论:慢性炎症刺激引起的瞳孔后粘连是迟缓型恶性青光眼发生的主要原因。前部玻璃体部分切除+Phaco+后囊截开+IOL术是迟缓型恶性青光眼最有效的治疗方法。     

晶状体玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术中晶状体囊的处理

目的探讨晶状体玻璃体切除联合眼内硅油填充术中保留前囊或后囊的作用。方法用晶状体玻璃体切除联合硅油填充治疗30例30眼伴增生性玻璃体视网膜病变的视网膜脱离患者，根据白内障手术方式不同分2组。保留后囊组：13眼术前检查为非外伤性白内障行超声乳化吸出保留后囊；保留前囊组：17眼采用经睫状体平坦部晶状体切除，并保留前囊。8眼行二期后房型人工晶状体植入。结果保留后囊组：13眼均保留了完整的晶状体后囊；保留前囊组：17眼中除3眼原有晶状体前囊小破口外，14眼保留了完整的晶状体前囊。术后随访6～24月，平均9月，无1眼发生角膜变性，近期一过性高眼压3眼，8眼二期后房型人工晶状体植入位置良好。结论晶状体玻璃体切除联合硅油填充术中保留前囊或后囊可减少角膜变性、继发青光眼的发生率，并有利于二期后房型人工晶状体植入。[眼科新进展2005；25（5）：442—443]     

青光眼滤过术后恶性青光眼合并睫状体脉络膜脱离

目的：探讨青光眼滤过术后恶性青光眼合并睫体脉和膜脱离的特点及治疗方法。方法：对10例12只青光眼小梁切除术后恶性青光眼合并睫状体脉络膜脱离的临床资料作回顾性分析。结果：4只眼经1－3次脉络膜上腔放液联合抽玻璃体水囊联合前房注气术后，3只眼压恢复正常，1只眼前房不恢复，改行前部玻璃体切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入术。其余8只眼均一次行前 部玻璃体切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入术，眼压控制正常，前房形成.结论：青光眼滤过术后恶性青光眼合并睫状体脉络膜脱离为难治并发症。脉络膜上腔放液联合抽玻璃体水囊治疗有效，前玻璃体切除联合超声乳化白内障吸除及人工晶状体植入术可提高一次手术成功率。     

Secondary intraocular lens implantation in aphakia.

We retrospectively studied secondary intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in 165 aphakic patients (162 eyes) from May 1983 to August 1989. Seventy-five eyes (46.3%) had secondary IOL implantation; these included seven cases of trans-sulcus scleral fixation of the posterior chamber lens. The remaining 87 eyes could not have secondary IOL implantation because of the ocular conditions. The most common reason for secondary implantation was to relieve the discomfort caused by spectacles or contact lenses (56.2%). An anterior chamber lens was used in 43 eyes (57.3%) and a posterior chamber lens in 32 eyes (42.7%). Final postoperative visual acuity of 20/40 or better was achieved in 92.0% of the eyes with posterior chamber lenses, in 71.4% of the eyes with anterior chamber lenses, and in 57.1% of the eyes with scleral-fixated posterior chamber lenses. Endothelial cell loss was greater in the eyes with anterior chamber lenses than in the eyes with posterior chamber lenses. Of the cases that could be followed, 83.3% showed endothelial cell loss of less than 30% at six months postoperatively. Postoperative complications such as cystoid macular edema, persistent fibrinous membrane formation, and neovascular glaucoma occurred in only ten (13.3%) of the 75 eyes that had secondary implantation. These complications occurred more frequently in eyes that had anterior chamber lenses with anterior vitrectomy. There were no noticeable complications in the eyes that had trans-sulcus scleral fixation of posterior chamber lenses. Updrawn pupil, prolapsed vitreous, and peripheral anterior synechia were common conditions preventing secondary IOL implantation.     

Bilateral spontaneous dislocation of posterior chamber intraocular lens in a patient with gyrate atrophy

We report a patient with gyrate atrophy, a rare metabolic disease, who had bilateral late spontaneous posterior dislocation of in-the-bag posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL). He underwent pars plana vitrectomy, PCIOL retrieval and anterior chamber intraocular lens implantation in both eyes. This report may imply that patients with gyrate atrophy are at risk for spontaneous dislocation of intraocular lenses.     

青光眼术后前房形成不良的处理体会

目的:对青光眼术前、术后的意外情况和处理不当出现前房形成不良进行分析和探讨。方法:对我院1975/2006的青光眼患者实施不同术式后发生前房形成不良47眼。通过在手术时行眼球加压、减压,前房穿刺术、保护巩膜瓣和避免对眼内组织的损伤。仔细检查和分析,找出原因,采取积极的相应处理。结果:前房形成不良47眼,术后经过药物处理恢复8眼,手术修复结膜、巩膜瓣7眼,结膜转移、对侧移植或羊膜移植3眼,睫状体脉络膜上腔放液5眼,后巩膜下抽玻璃体水囊和前房注气术4眼,前部玻璃体切除4眼,前、中部玻璃体切除7眼,白内障摘除和前房注气术5眼,白内障超声乳化和人工晶状体植入、玻璃体切割术4眼。前房恢复39眼,其余8例中发生结膜巩膜漏眼内炎1眼,角膜失代偿2眼,恶性青光眼和放弃治疗失明5眼。结论:青光眼的滤过手术,在术中和术后出现短暂的浅前房和无前房是允许的。前房延缓形成或久无前房可造成眼部不同程度的严重改变或损害。应密切观察眼压、瞳孔、眼压变化,及时正确处理。     

外伤性晶状体脱位合并青光眼手术的疗效分析

目的：回顾性评价晶状体摘除联合玻璃体切割术用于外伤性晶状体脱位合并继发性青光眼的手术疗效。
　　方法：对31例31眼因钝挫伤导致晶状体脱位,合并继发性青光眼患者分别行晶状体摘除联合前部玻璃体切割术,小梁切除术及人工晶状体植入术。随访术后1wk;1,3mo术眼眼压、视力。
　　结果：患者31眼全部成功摘除晶状体联合前部玻璃体切割术,其中联合小梁切除术6眼,植入前房型人工晶状体9眼,后房缝线固定晶状体15眼。一期植入16眼,二期植入8眼。术后31眼眼压全部控制正常。有23眼术后矫正视力0.3以上。
　　结论：晶状体摘除联合玻璃体切割术是治疗晶状体脱位合并继发性青光眼的有效手段,但应根据患者情况选择人工晶状体植入类型及联合小梁切除术,以控制眼压,恢复视功能。     

Posterior chamber lens implantation following pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy in severe proliferative diabetic retinopathy

In two patients secondary cataracts developed after pars plana vitrectomy. In both cases the lens was removed from the pars plana, and the anterior capsule was kept intact. In one patient a posterior chamber lens was placed in the ciliary sulcus 3 months after the lens had been removed, and in the other patient a posterior chamber lens was implanted intraoperatively after pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy. Improved visual results were obtained in both cases, and there was no evidence of rubeosis or elevated intraocular pressure. In selected cases preservation of the anterior capsule may be important to implant posterior chamber lenses in eyes requiring pars plana lensectomy and vitrectomy. To our knowledge this technique has not previously been reported.     

Multiple methods of surgical treatment combined with primary IOL implantation on traumatic lens subluxation/dislocation in patients with secondary glaucoma

METHODS:Non-comparative retrospective observational case series. Participants:30 cases (30 eyes) of lens subluxation/dislocation in patients with secondary glaucoma were investigated which accepted the surgical treatment by author in the Ophthalmology of Xi'an No.4 Hospital from 2007 to 2011. According to the different situations of lens subluxation/dislocation, various surgical procedures were performed such as crystalline lens phacoemulsification, crystalline lens phacoemulsification combined anterior vitrectomy, intracapsular cataract extraction combined anterior vitrectomy, lensectomy combined anterior vitrectomy though peripheral transparent cornea incision, pars plana lensectomy combined pars plana vitrectomy, and intravitreal cavity crystalline lens phacofragmentation combined pars plana vitrectomy. And whether to implement trabeculectomy depended on the different situations of secondary glaucoma. The posterior chamber intraocular lenses (PC-IOLs) were implanted in the capsular-bag or trassclerally sutured in the sulus decided by whether the capsular were present. Main outcome measures:visual acuity, intraocular pressure, the situation of intraocular lens and complications after the operations.RESULTS: The follow-up time was 11-36mo (21.4±7.13). Postoperative visual acuity of all eyes were improved; 28 cases maintained IOP below 21 mm Hg; 2 cases had slightly IOL subluxation, 4 cases had slightly tilted lens optical area; 1 case had postoperative choroidal detachment; 4 cases had postoperative corneal edema more than 1wk, but eventually recovered transparent; 2 cases had mild postoperative vitreous hemorrhage, and absorbed 4wk later. There was no postoperative retinal detachment, IOL dislocation, and endophthalmitis.CONCLUSION:To take early treatment of traumatic lens subluxation/dislocation in patients with secondary glaucoma by individual surgical plan based on the different eye conditions would be safe and effective, which can effectively control the intraocular pressure and restore some vision.     

个性化方案治疗恶性青光眼的疗效分析

目的:探讨恶性青光眼的个性化治疗方法。方法:回顾分析2016-01/2018-10在我院眼科中心接受治疗的恶性青光眼患者19例19眼的临床资料,观察治疗前后的最佳矫正视力(LogMAR)、眼压、前房深度及并发症。结果:选取的患者中7眼经药物治疗后眼压下降、前房恢复,3眼行YAG激光虹膜周边切除+后囊膜切开+玻璃体前界膜切开,5眼行白内障超乳化+人工晶状体植入+前部玻璃体切除+后囊膜切开术,2眼行前部玻璃体切除+后囊膜切开,1眼行玻璃切除术,1眼在术中发生恶性青光眼患者予以玻璃腔水囊穿刺抽液后完成小梁切除+白内障超声乳化吸出术。术后患眼均眼压下降,前房恢复,部分患者视力提高。眼压由治疗前31.25±5.19mmHg降至治疗后14.43±3.46mmHg (P<0.05),前房轴深由治疗前0.69±0.57mm恢复至治疗后2.64±0.47mm(P<0.05),术前最佳矫正视力为0.71±0.25,术后为0.34±0.19(P<0.05)。除1眼出现低眼压、脉络膜脱离外,其余患者未见明显严重并发症。结论:恶性青光眼发生后需充分评估患者具体情况,根据患者病情采取个性化的治疗方法。     

Pathology of intraocular lenses in 33 eyes examined postmortem

Thirty-three pseudophakic eyes from 29 patients were examined postmortem. Clinically, 25 of the eyes had had visual acuities of 20/50 or better. In general the intraocular lenses (IOLs) were quite well tolerated. Iris atrophy and erosion were prominent features of eyes containing an anterior chamber, iris fixation, or iridocapsular lens. Angle recession and ciliary-body erosion were found in some eyes with anterior chamber lenses. Ciliary-body erosion by haptics was seen with posterior chamber lenses. Pupillary membranes were present in eight eyes. Granulomatous reaction to IOL material was present in 13 eyes. Usually this was localized to the site of the lens haptic, and was consistent with good visual acuity. One eye with a posterior chamber lens had been successfully treated for Staphylococcus epidermidis endophthalmitis after capsulotomy, shortly before death. Central corneal endothelial cell loss seemed to be of similar amount for the anterior chamber, iris fixation, and iridocapsular lenses, but was less severe in eyes with posterior chamber lenses. Cystoid macular edema was present in five eyes, retinal phlebitis in two eyes, and retinal detachments in four eyes.     

小眼球高度远视眼透明晶状体摘除联合后房型Piggyback人工晶状体植入

目的：探讨小眼球高度远视眼的透明晶状体摘除联合后房型Piggyback人工晶状体植入术的疗效及人工晶状体度数的计算方法。方法：1例双眼极短眼轴合并高度远视、慢性闭角型青光眼患者行透明晶状体摘除联合后房型二片 30.0D Piggyback人工晶状体植入,术前双眼行YAG激光虹膜周切,术后一周右眼眼压高,行小梁切除术。术后一周、一月和三月分别视力、屈光状态,眼压和前房深度。利用光路追迹法计算人工晶状体度数。结果：术后三月最佳矫正视力与术前一致,屈光状态等效球镜度右 2.75D、左 2.88D,前房深度右眼、左眼分别由术前1.87mm、1.93mm加深到术后3.02mm和3.20mm,眼压正常。结论：对小眼球合并高度远视、慢性闭角型青光眼行透明晶状体手术联合二片后房型IOL植入,不仅能较好地解决屈光问题,而且有利于控制青光眼的发作和发展。利用光路追迹法计算IOL度数的方法是可取。     

Vitreous loss in posterior chamber lens implantation

Management of posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss associated with intraocular lens implantation is described and the results of the procedure statistically analyzed. Vitreous loss occurred in 18 (4.3%) of the 416 eyes treated during a one-year period. Of these 18 eyes, 11 received posterior chamber lenses and seven received anterior chamber lenses; all lenses remained adequately fixated. The visual acuity, incidence of postoperative complications, and endothelial cell loss were not significantly different in the eyes that had posterior capsule rupture and vitreous loss and in the control eyes. Although posterior chamber lens implantation is not necessarily contraindicated in eyes with vitreous loss, instances of high endothelial cell loss suggest the need for greater attention to the endothelial cells during vitrectomy.     

Nd-YAG laser hyaloidotomy for malignant glaucoma following one-piece 7 mm intraocular lens implantation.

Three cases of malignant glaucoma following extracapsular cataract extraction with 7 mm one-piece posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation are presented. Nd-YAG laser hyaloidotomy was successfully performed in all eyes, but was difficult and required several sessions in two eyes. In the third eye, which had a sector iridectomy, laser hyaloidotomy applied over the edge of the lens optic through the iridectomy resulted in brisk deepening of the anterior chamber and reduction of intraocular pressure. We propose that the one-piece 7 mm optic posterior chamber intraocular lens may constitute an obstacle to successful hyaloidotomy, mainly owing to its large size, as it may block aqueous percolation from the vitreous into the anterior chamber. Eyes prone to develop malignant glaucoma after surgery should have a sector or large peripheral iridectomy to facilitate postoperative Nd-YAG laser hyaloidotomy if required.     

恶性青光眼的临床特点与防治方法

目的探讨恶性青光眼的临床特点与防治方法。方法回顾分析12例（13只眼）恶性青光眼的临床资料及治疗方法。本组病例角膜直径9．5—11mm,平均10．8mm。眼轴长17．8～22．5mm,平均21．9mm,发生于慢性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后11只眼,占84．6％。6只眼行药物治疗,其中2只眼联合YAG激光治疗;5只眼行晶状体摘除联合人工晶状体植入、后囊截开、前部玻璃体切除术;2只眼行晶状体摘除联合人工晶状体植入、小粱切除术,再次经睫状体平部行前部玻璃体切除、晶状体后囊膜部分切除术。结果出院时患者眼压在10-15mm Hg,中央及周边前房形成。随访观察10个月至5年,平均20个月,前房稳定,眼压15—21mm Hg,平均18．7mm Hg。结论恶性青光眼好发于小角膜、短眼轴的慢性闭角型青光眼小梁切除术后,药物治疗、无晶状体眼联合Y-AG激光治疗可以控制部分恶性青光眼,晶状体摘除联合人工晶状体植入、后囊截开、前部玻璃体切除手术可以治愈药物不能控制的恶性青光眼。     

Posterior chamber lens implantation concurrent with vitrectomy for proliferative diabetic retinopathy

Combined operation of cataract removal with posterior chamber intraocular lens implantation and pars plana vitrectomy were performed on 25 eyes in 22 patients with cataract concurrent with diabetic retinopathy. In 21 eyes, extracapsular cataract extraction followed by intraocular lens insertion, aiming at in-the-bag fixation, was performed, and in 4 eyes pars plana lensectomy with anterior capsule left and intraocular lens insertion between the iris and anterior capsule was carried out. Mean postoperative follow-up period was 14 months, ranging from 3 to 32 months. Visual acuity on the last examination was 0.5 or better in 2 eyes (8%), 0.1 or better in 12 eyes (48%), and worse than 0.05 in 9 eyes (36%). Major postoperative complications were fibrin reaction (20 eyes, 80%), pupillary deformation (19 eyes, 76%), pupil capture by intraocular lens (3 eyes, 12%), rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (1 eye, 4%), neovascular glaucoma (2 eyes, 8%), and recurrent vitreous hemorrhage (13 eyes, 52%). Intraocular pressure was well controlled in neovascular glaucoma cases. At the last examination ocular fundus was invisible due to vitreous hemorrhage in two eyes.