大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的培养鉴定以及向神经干细胞分化的实验研究

目的:体外培养并鉴定大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs),研究其生物学特性,初步探索酸性成纤维细胞生长因子(acidic fibroblast growth factor,aFGF)诱导其向神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)分化的可行性。方法:全骨髓贴壁培养法分离培养大鼠BMSCs,倒置相差显微镜观察其形态特征,MTT法绘制生长曲线,流式细胞仪(flow cytometry,FCM)测定细胞周期并鉴定细胞表面标志物。用80 ng/ml aFGF的无血清DMEM/F12培养液诱导大鼠BMSCs向NSCs分化,镜下观察细胞形态特征,免疫荧光染色方法检测神经巢蛋白(Nestin)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(neuron specific enolase,NSE)的表达。结果:大鼠BMSCs贴壁生长,呈梭形,多角形。第1、3、5代BMSCs的生长曲线均呈S形,活性无明显差异。细胞周期显示94.34%BMSCs处于G0/G1期,有较强的分裂增殖能力。FCM检测CD29、CD54、CD90表达阳性,CD45表达阴性。诱导6 h后细胞的胞体收缩成椭圆形或球形并伸出细长突起,免疫荧光染色显示Nestin表达阳性,继续诱导发现双极和多极细胞增多,诱导6 d后相互连接成网状,成典型的神经元样细胞,NSE表达阳性。结论:全骨髓贴壁培养法能培养出高纯度的BMSCs,细胞生长稳定、增殖快、可多次传代,具有干细胞特性。经aFGF诱导后具有向NSCs分化的潜能,NSCs能进一步分化为神经元样细胞。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞的体外分离培养与鉴定

目的建立大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)体外分离培养方法。方法采用全骨髓贴壁法分离培养BMSCs,进行形态学观察,绘制生长曲线,流式细胞仪分析细胞周期、检测细胞表面抗原标志物,并进行成脂、成骨分化诱导。结果获取的BMSCs形态呈均一成纤维细胞样,并呈集落样生长。生长曲线呈S形,细胞周期显示86.02%P3代细胞为G0/G1期,保持活跃的扩增能力。BMSCs高表达CD44、CD90、低表达CD34、CD45。成脂诱导21 d后,可见细胞的胞浆内出现大量红染脂滴。成骨诱导21 d后,可见大量橘红色矿化结节形成。结论全骨髓贴壁培养法可成功有效地分离培养BMSCs。     

大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞体外培养和鉴定

目的探讨大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）体外分离培养方法及其生物学特性。方法采用全骨髓贴壁培养法获得大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞,取第3代骨髓间充质干细胞,通过成骨、成脂肪诱导分化以及流式细胞仪分析其表面标记（CD29、CD34、CD45、CD90）等鉴定BMSCs特征。结果全骨髓贴壁培养法获得的BMSCs,原代和传代培养具有活跃的增殖能力;BMSCs经诱导后可分别向成骨、成脂转化;流式分析表面标志分子高表达CD90（96.5%）、CD29（92.3%）,低表达CD34（0.89%）、CD45（1.41%）。结论全骨髓贴壁培养法可有效地分离和扩增BMSCs,分离培养的BMSCs具有潜在的多向分化能力。     

骨髓间充质干细胞移植至血管性痴呆大鼠模型的初步研究

目的：建立体外分离、培养大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）,体外诱导BMSCs向神经元样细胞方向分化、鉴定并移植至血管性痴呆大鼠模型的方法.方法：体外分离培养SD大鼠BMSCs,采用贴壁筛选法分离纯化BMSCs,显微镜下观察不同时期BMSCs的细胞形态,流式细胞术检测细胞表面标志物表达鉴定BMSCs,用含10 μg/L bFGF的L-DMEM及含200μmoVLBHA、2％ DMSO的无血清L-DMEM诱导BMSCs向神经元样细胞分化;免疫细胞化学检测分化细胞的巢蛋白（Nestin）、神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）的表达,以确定其分化特性;用尿嘧啶脱氧核苷（BrdU）标记分化好的细胞,移植到改良Pulsinelli＇s四血管复制的血管性痴呆（VaD）模型大鼠侧脑室内,免疫组织化学检测BrdU表达以反映移植BMSCs在大鼠脑内的生长情况,Moms水迷宫检测大鼠学习记忆能力.结果：大鼠BMSCs可通过贴壁筛选法成功分离并在体外大量扩增,流式细胞仪检测显示BMSCs第5代表面标志可达90％以上,细胞表型CD90、CD29、CD44表达阳性,CD45表达阴性;bFGF/BHA诱导BMSCs分化后有Nestin和NSE表达,分化细胞具有神经细胞的形态;与对照组相比,模型组大鼠逃避潜伏期明显延长,第1次穿越平台时间延长,穿越平台次数减少,差异有统计学意义（P ＜0.05）;BrdU成功标记诱导后的BMSCs,并可在移植大鼠脑内检测到BrdU标记阳性细胞.结论：体外成功分离、培养大鼠BMSCs,生长稳定、可多次传代,bFGF/BHA可诱导BMSCs分化为神经元细胞,BMSCs成功移植到VaD大鼠,BMSCs有望为神经疾病细胞移植治疗提供丰富、易得的细胞来源.     

大鼠骨髓基质干细胞向神经元样细胞的分化

目的:体外定向诱导大鼠骨髓基质干细胞（BMSCs）向神经元样细胞的分化。方法： 用DMEM培养液冲洗骨髓,收集骨髓细胞接种在培养瓶中体外扩增、纯化。用诱导剂诱导BMSCs分化为神经元样细胞。用免疫组化ABC法鉴定神经丝蛋白（NF-200）、微管相关蛋白（MAP-2）、神经元特异核蛋白（NeuN）、巢蛋白(Nestin) 、胶质纤维酸性蛋白(GFAP)、GAD和ChAT的表达。结果： BMSCs经诱导后,胞体增大,并伸出细长突起,与神经元形态相似。免疫组化显示大部分细胞NF-200,MAP-2,NeuN和Nestin表达阳性,(3±0.8)%的细胞GAD表达阳性,(5±0.3)%的细胞ChAT表达阳性,而GFAP 表达阴性。结论： BMSCs可被诱导分化为神经元样细胞,部分细胞可表达GAD与ChAT。     

小分子化合物诱导骨髓间充质干细胞类神经分化的实验研究*

目的 探讨小分子化合物组合（Forskolin、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021）诱导骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSCs）类神经分化的可行性。方法 全骨髓贴壁法分离大鼠BMSCs,流式细胞仪鉴定细胞。培养细胞至第3代,以含有Forskolin的神经元培养基预诱导1?d,再以含有Forskolin、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021的神经元培养基正式诱导3?d。以神经元培养基为对照组。通过观察细胞形态、免疫荧光检测、Western blotting技术对类神经分化细胞进行鉴定。结果 大鼠BMSCs以梭形细胞为主,可见长短不一的突起;经流式细胞仪鉴定,CD90、CD105表达呈阳性,而CD34和CD45表达呈阴性。诱导后,细胞有神经样形态改变,免疫荧光检测到神经元特异性烯醇化酶（NSE）、巢蛋白（Nestin）阳性表达,诱导3?d后Western blotting显示实验诱导组与对照组比较,NSE、Nestin和SOX1表达增多（P?<0.05）。结论 小分子化合物组合（Forskolin、SB431542、DMH1、CHIR99021）可诱导BMSCs类神经分化。     

体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞分化的实验研究

目的：对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞（bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells ,BMSCs）进行分离、培养与鉴定,并探讨全反式维甲酸（retinoic acid,RA）、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子（fibroblast growth factor,basic, bFGF）和表皮生长因子（ epidermal growth factor , EGF ）联合诱导BMSCs分化为神经细胞的可行性。方法全骨髓贴壁法分离培养BMSCs ,观察细胞形态及生长增殖情况;流式鉴定细胞表面标志物CD29、CD34、CD90;选用第3代细胞,经RA、bF-GF和EGF联合诱导后,细胞免疫化学染色检测神经细胞标志物神经元特异性烯醇化酶（ neuron specific enolasen , NSE）的表达。结果体外培养的BMSCs呈成纤维细胞样,第3、4、5代BMSCs的生长曲线均呈S形,活性无明显差异。 BMSCs的均一性较好,第3代细胞CD29、CD90阳性率均在90％以上,而CD34阳性率仅为0．58％;BMSCs经诱导后分化为神经细胞,并表达神经细胞标志NSE。结论成功建立BMSCs 的体外培养体系,所得细胞纯度高、生物学特征稳定,并可诱导分化为神经细胞,为移植治疗神经系统损伤提供实验基础。     

大鼠骨髓间质干细胞的体外分离培养与鉴定

目的：体外培养大鼠骨髓间质干细胞（BMSCs）,并进行形态学观察、表面分子标记和多向分化能力的检测鉴定。方法采用全骨髓贴壁法分离培养大鼠BMSCs,显微镜下进行形态学观察,流式细胞仪检测细胞表面标记物CD29、CD44、CD45,并诱导大鼠BMSCs向成骨和成脂分化。结果分离培养的细胞以梭形细胞为主,呈漩涡状生长。 CD29、CD44均呈阳性表达,而CD45呈阴性。成脂成骨诱导后,油红O和茜素红S染色均呈阳性。结论全骨髓贴壁培养法分离培养的细胞具有间质干细胞的生物学特性,具有多向分化潜能。     

体外诱导大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞向神经细胞的分化

目的 对大鼠骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)进行分离培养与鉴定,并使其诱导分化为神经细胞.方法 采用密度梯度离心和贴壁培养相结合的方法分离培养BMSCs,观察细胞形态变化及生长、增殖情况;对细胞进行表面标志物CD14、CD34、CD44、CD29免疫荧光染色及向骨、软骨和脂肪分化能力的鉴定;选用第3代细胞,经全反式维甲酸(retinoic acid,RA)和脑源性神经生长因子(brain-derived neurotrophy factor,BDNF)联合诱导后,免疫荧光染色检测神经前体细胞标记物Nestin及神经细胞标记物NSE的表达情况.结果 体外培养的BMSCs呈成纤维细胞样,CD44和CD29的阳性率在90%以上,具有明显的向骨、软骨和脂肪分化的能力,经诱导后可分化为神经细胞.结论 成功建立了体外分离扩增BMSCs的培养体系,所获得的细胞纯度高、生物学特征稳定,并可在体外诱导分化为神经细胞,从而为下一步细胞移植治疗脑缺血动物模型提供种子细胞.     

脂肪源性神经干细胞诱导分化为γ-氨基丁酸能神经元的体外研究

目的探讨诱导脂肪源性神经干细胞(neural stem cells,NSCs)分化为GABA能神经元的体外培养方法,为细胞移植修复神经系统损伤提供种子细胞。方法贴壁培养C57BL/6小鼠(附睾脂肪垫)脂肪来源的干细胞(adipose-derived stem cells,ADSCs),流式细胞仪进行表型鉴定(CD45、CD90、CD105)及标志物纤连蛋白(fibronectin)鉴定后,在碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(basic fibroblast growth factor,bFGF)、表皮生长因子(epidermal growth factor,EGF)、2%B27的Neuro-basal培养基中诱导成NSCs。用免疫荧光细胞染色法进行NSC特异性标记物Nestin、增殖能力BrdU检测,再次添加脑源性神经营养因子、骨形成蛋白2后,维甲酸(RA)诱导分化为γ-氨基丁酸能神经元,并进行其标志物GABA的检测。结果分离纯化的ADSCs CD90、CD105表达强阳性,CD45表达阴性;诱导后的干细胞球经Nestin及BrdU鉴定为NSCs,且具有较强的增殖能力;神经干细胞诱导分化后的神经元GABA抗体染色呈阳性。结论在特定神经营养因子作用下,ADSCs在体外诱导生成的NSCs可被诱导分化为GABA能神经元。     

肿瘤干细胞与肝癌干细胞相关研究进展

随着干细胞研究领域发展的日趋成熟,科学家们发现干细胞的这一特性和癌细胞之间有惊人的相似性.肿瘤可能起源于正常干细胞的转化,相似的信号通路可能既调节干细胞也调节癌细胞的自我更新,且癌细胞中可能含有"肿瘤干细胞".本文阐述了目前研究较少的肝癌干细胞的最新研究进展.     

大鼠颅骨骨缝间充质干细胞与骨髓间充质干细胞成骨及成脂能力比较研究

目的 分离培养大鼠颅骨骨缝间充质干细胞(CSSCs)、骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSCs),比较两种间充质干细胞体外成骨、成脂诱导的差异.方法 采用出生后5天的SD大鼠,分离培养CSSCs和BMSCs,并进行鉴定.体外对CSSCs和BMSCs进行成骨成脂诱导,采用免疫荧光检测,碱性磷酸酶(ALP)染色,茜素红染色,油红O染色...     

间充质干细胞的培养特性及其相关细胞因子表达

目的:探讨体外培养间充质干细胞的方法及其生物学特性,并检测与其抑制T淋巴细胞增殖活性减轻GVHD机制的细胞因子的表达。方法:通过密度梯度离心及贴壁筛选法分离、纯化及培养间充质干细胞,观察其生物学特性,并进行免疫细胞化学染色观察间充质干细胞是否表达TGF-β1、HGF。结果:采用贴壁筛选法培养间充质干细胞原代经7天贴壁后变为梭形,经14~17天可长满瓶底,传代后3~4天即可长满,免疫分型示CD29+,CD44+,CD34-,CD45-,免疫细胞化学染色显示高度表达TGF-β1及HGF。结论:密度剃度离心结合贴壁筛选法培养间充质干细胞可获得纯度较高,生物学特性稳定的间充质干细胞;间充质干细胞可能通过TGF-β1与HGF两种细胞因子抑制T淋巴细胞增殖减轻移植后GVHD。     

Expansive effects of aorta-gonad-mesonephros-derived stromal cells on hematopoietic stem cells from embryonic stem cells

Background Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) give rise to all blood and immune cells and are used in clinical transplantation protocols to treat a wide variety of refractory diseases, but the amplification of HSCs has been difficult to achieve in vitro. In the present study, the expansive effects of aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) region derived stromal cells on HSCs were explored, attempting to improve the efficiency of HSC transplantation in clinical practice.Methods The murine stromal cells were isolated from the AGM region of 12 days postcoitum (dpc) murine embryos and bone marrow（BM）of 6 weeks old mice, respectively. After identification with flow cytometry and immunocytochemistry, the stromal cells were co-cultured with ESCs-derived, cytokines-induced HSCs. The maintenance and expansion of ESCs-derived HSCs were evaluated by detecting the population of CD34+ and CD34+Sca-1+cells with flow cytometry and the blast colony-forming cells (BL-CFCs), high proliferative potential colony-forming cells (HPP-CFCs) by using semi-solid medium colonial culture. Finally, the homing and hematopoietic reconstruction abilities of HSCs were evaluated using a murine model of HSC transplantation in vivo.Results AGM and BM-derived stromal cells were morphologically and phenotypically similar, and had the features of stromal cells. When co-cultured with AGM or BM stromal cells, more primitive progenitor cells (HPP-CFCs ) could be detected in ESCs derived hematopoietic precursor cells, but BL-CFC’s expansion could be detected only when co-cultured with AGM-derived stromal cells. The population of CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells were expanded 3 times,but no significant expansion in the population of CD34+Sca-1+ cells was noted when co-cultured with BM stromal cells. While both CD34+ hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells and CD34+Sca-1+ cells were expanded 4 to 5 times respectively when co-cultured with AGM stromal cells. AGM region-derived stromal cells, like BM-derived stromal cells, could promote hematopoietic reconstruction and HSCs’ homing to BM in vivo.Conclusions AGM-derived stromal cells in comparison with the BM-derived stromal cells could not only support the expansion of HSCs but also maintain the self-renewal and multi-lineage differentiation more effectively. They are promising in HSC transplantation. Chin Med J 2005; 118(23):1979-1986     

成体干细胞与肺

<正>干细胞是一类具有自我更新和高度增殖、分化潜能的细胞,能够产生高度分化的功能细胞。按分化潜能可分成三类细胞,即全能干细胞、多能干细胞和单能干细胞。按生存阶段的不同可分为胚胎干细胞和成体干细胞两大类。     

Development and application of stem cells

Stem cells are defined by two important characteristics, the ability to proliferate by a process of self-renewal and the potential to form at least one specialized cell type. Transient population of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells first appear during the development at the first days post coitum.     

Development and application of stem cells

Stem cells are defined by two important characteristics: the ability to proliferate by a process of self-renewal and the potential to form at least one specialized cell type. Transient population of pluripotent or multipotent stem cells first appear during the development at the first days post coitum. The cells of the inner cell mass (ICM) of the blastocyst, of which embryonic stem cells (ES) are the in vitro counterpart, can give rise to any differentiated cell type in the three primary germ layers of the embryo (endoderm, mesoderm and ectoderm).1-3 These cells gradually mature into committed, organ- and tissue-specific stem cells or adult stem cells, such as neural stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, etc. Over the past years, studies have focused on two aspects: molecular level and application, and some new methods and technology have been used.     

Mesenchymal stem cells

It has become clear that adult mammalian bone marrow contains not one but two ostensibly discrete populations of adult stem cells. The first and by far the most fully characterized are the hematopoietic stem cells responsible for maintaining lifelong production of blood cells. The biological characteristics and properties of the second marrow resident population of stem cells, variously termed bone marrow stromal cells or mesenchymal stem cells, are in contrast much less well understood. In vitro, cultures established from single-cell suspensions of bone marrow from a wide range of mammalian species generate colonies of adherent marrow stromal cells, each derived from a single precursor cell termed a colony-forming unit-fibroblast (CFU-F). Culture conditions have been developed to expand marrow stromal cells in vitro while maintaining the capacity of these cells to differentiate into bone, fat, and cartilage. A significant portion of our current knowledge of this population of cells is based on analysis of the properties of these culture expanded cells, not on the primary colony-initiating cells. In this article, we will focus on methodologies to prospectively isolate stromal progenitors from mouse and human bone marrow and will review current data that suggest stromal progenitors in the bone marrow in situ are associated with the outer surfaces of blood vessels and may share identity with vascular pericytes.     

整合素与表皮干细胞

皮肤是人体最大的器官 ,表皮位于皮肤最外层 ,是能够自我更新的组织 (约每个月更新 1次 ) [1 ] 。基底层的表皮干细胞(keratinocytestemcell ,KSC)作为组织特异性干细胞 ,具有强大的增殖能力 ,是表皮中各类细胞的起源。近年来 ,由于组织工程化皮肤、皮肤遗传性疾病病因及肿瘤的     

Reprogramming of adult human neural stem cells into induced pluripotent stem cells

Background Since an effective method for generating induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) from human neural stem cells (hNSCs) can offer us a promising tool for studying brain diseases,here we reporte...