^99Tc^m-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸与^99Tc^m-奥曲肽眼眶显像在甲状腺相关性眼病中的对比研究

目的通过对比^99Tc^m-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸（^99Tc^m-DTPA）与^99Tc^m-奥曲肽（^99Tc^m-OCT）眼眶显像,比较两种显像方法在评估甲状腺相关眼病（TAO）患者眼部炎性反应活动度中的临床价值。方法26例TAO患者依据临床活动度评分（CAS）标准分为炎性反应活动组16例、非炎性活动组10例,另有14名正常志愿者作为对照组。静脉注射^99Tc^m-DTPA 740 MBq,0．5h后行眼眶平面及体层显像,隔日同一患者静脉注射^99Tc^m-OCT740MBq,1-2h后行眼眶平面及体层显像。获取各组两种眼眶显像剂的摄取率。对两种显像方法获得的半定量指标UROCT和URDTPA进行配对t检验并分别与CAS评分进行Spearman相关性分析。结果两种显像剂的眼眶摄取率未见明显差异（t=0．075,P〉0．05）。两种显像剂的眼眶摄取率（UROCT、URDTPA）与患者CAS评分之间具有很好的相关性（^99Tc^m-DTPA：r=0．835,P〈0．001;^99Tc^m-OCT：r=0．912,P〈0．001）。结论^99Tc^m-DTPA与^99Tc^m-OCT的眼眶显像有较好的一致性,证明^99Tc^m-DTPA眼眶显像是一种可行的、并可能成为一种很有发展前景的评价TAO炎性反应活动度的新方法。     

99Tcm-DTPA SPECT/CT在二例甲状腺相关性眼病患者活动期评估中的应用及文献复习

笔者通过分析2例患者99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸（DTPA） SPECT/CT眼眶显像的不同结果并结合文献复习,简述该影像学方法在甲状腺相关性眼病（TAO）活动期评估中的应用价值。目前临床常用的TAO活动期评估方法主要是通过患者的症状做出临床活动性评分（CAS）,但轻、中度患者临床表现部分有重叠,单纯使用CAS评分不易鉴别,且该诊断具有一定主观性。通过病例分析,结果显示,99Tcm-DTPA SPECT/CT眼眶显像较CAS对非活动性TAO有着更高的阴性预测值,这说明该显像也能成为TAO评估的一种选择。     

99Tcm-DTPA SPECT/CT眼眶显像评价甲状腺相关性眼病活动性:与临床活动性评分及MRI的对比分析

目的 探讨99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸（DTPA）SPECT/CT眼眶显像对甲状腺相关性眼病（TAO）活动性判断的价值。 方法 回顾性分析2016年2月至2017年1月临床诊断为TAO的33例患者[男性13例、女性20例,年龄（45.36±13.44）岁]的66个眼眶的99Tcm-DTPA SPECT/CT图像、临床活动性评分（CAS）及其中21例患者（42个眼眶）的MRI图像。用感兴趣区（ROI）技术进行半定量分析,计算眼眶与枕部区域的摄取比值（UR）;用肉眼观察法分别判定SPECT/CT及MRI图像的每条眼外肌的活动性,并根据MRI处于活动期眼外肌的数量给每个眼眶进行CAS评分,≥3分判定为活动期,<3分为非活动期。活动期与非活动期TAO之间的UR比较采用t检验;UR与CAS评分、MRI评分之间的相关性采用Spearman相关性分析;SPECT/CT与MRI判断眼外肌活动性的一致性比较采用Kappa分析。绘制受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线,评价SPECT/CT诊断效能。 结果 ① 66个眼眶的CAS评分与UR呈中度相关（r=0.441,P=0.000）;非活动期TAO的UR（1.20±0.58）低于活动期的UR（1.56±0.57）,且差异有统计学意义（t=?2.476,P=0.016）。ROC曲线下面积为0.679,区分活动期与非活动期的UR阈值为1.20,灵敏度为79.5%,特异度为55.6%。② 42个眼眶的MRI评分与UR呈显著相关（r=0.515,P=0.000）,非活动期TAO的UR（1.00±0.60）低于活动期的UR（1.72±0.45）,且差异有统计学意义（t=?4.438,P=0.000）。③ 99Tcm-DTPA SPECT/CT与MRI对42个眼眶共168条眼外肌的活动性判断呈中度一致性（kappa=0.569,P=0.000）。 结论 99Tcm-DTPA SPECT/CT眼眶显像是判断TAO活动性较为可靠及客观的影像学方法,值得在临床推广应用。     

MRI定量分析在甲状腺相关眼病糖皮质激素治疗疗效评价中的价值

目的:通过分析甲状腺相关眼病(TAO)患者糖皮质激素治疗前后眼眶内容物MRI各参数的变化,探讨MRI定量测量对TAO糖皮质激素治疗疗效评价的价值.方法:回顾性分析糖皮质激素治疗前后行眼眶3.0 T MRI检查的活动期TAO患者37例,根据患者主要症状、体征改善情况及临床活动度评分(CAS)变化分为有效组(23例)和无效...     

双核素阳性显像评价肺癌原发耐药

目的探讨99Tcm-甲氧基异丁基异腈(MIBI)和201Tl双核素阳性显像评估原发性肺癌原发耐药的可靠性.方法对80例原发性肺癌患者行99Tcm-MIBI 和201Tl 肺双核素SPECT显像,定量计算99Tcm-MIBI和201Tl早期及延迟显像的摄取比值、清除率和残留比值,并进行临床化疗前后比较.化疗疗效判断标准显效病灶缩小>50%;改善病灶缩小30%～50%;无效病灶缩小<30%或不缩小;恶化病灶扩展.结果①201Tl各参数与化疗疗效无明显相关性.②以心肌为本底的延迟显像99Tcm-MIBI摄取比值、清除率及残留比值对化疗疗效评估好于以对侧肺为本底的相应参数.99Tcm-MIBI残留比值稳定,显效、改善、无效、恶化组分别为0.24±0.08、0.20±0.11、0.16±0.08、0.14±0.05.③以99Tcm-MIBI清除率>20%为耐药阳性阈值时,阳性预测值、阴性预测值最佳,分别为71.2%和64.3%;以99Tcm-MIBI残留比值<0.21为耐药阳性阈值时,阳性预测值、阴性预测值最佳,分别为79.3%和72.7%.结论 99Tcm-MIBI 肺阳性显像对原发性肺癌耐药判断可靠性高,其残留比值为肺癌耐药判断的最佳参数.     

甲状腺相关眼病与生长抑素受体显像

甲状腺相关眼病是眼眶最常见的疾病之一,是一种自身免疫性疾病。目前,临床证实免疫抑制剂和眼眶局部放疗对活动期的患者有显著疗效,而对于静止期的患者基本无效。因此,对甲状腺相关眼病患者活动度评定的准确性和客观性关系到患者的治疗方案、疗效及预后,眼眶生长抑素受体显像在判断其活动度及评价治疗效果方面有重要的意义。     

肺肿瘤99Tcm-N(NOEt)2 SPECT显像研究

目的 探讨~(99)Tc~m-氮-二(N-乙基-N-乙氧基二硫代氨基甲酸盐)[N(NOEt)_2]SPECT显像诊断肺肿瘤的临床价值。方法 对38例临床疑肺肿瘤患者行~(99)Tc~m-N(NOEt)_2 SPECT显像,并与手术、病理检查结果对照。结果 38例疑肺肿瘤患者经病理检查或临床随访证实肺恶性肿瘤29例,肺良性肿瘤或病变9例。29例肺恶性肿瘤有31个病灶,~(99)Tc~m-N(NOEt)_2 SPECT显像示异常28个,正常3个;9例肺良性肿瘤或病变有9个病灶,显像示异常3个,正常6个。~(99)Tc~m-N(NOEt)_2 SPECT显像诊断肺恶性肿瘤的灵敏度为90.32％,特异性为66.67％,阳性预测值为90.32％,阴性预测值为66.67％,假阳性率为33.33％,假阴性率为9.68％,准确性为85.00％,阳性似然比为2.71,阴性似然比为0.15。9例肺良性肿瘤或病变患者病变部位与对侧对应正常肺组织放射性比值(T/N)为1.08±0.08,明显低于29例肺恶性肿瘤(1.30±0.19,t=3.38,P<0.01)。结论 ~(99)Tc~m-N(NOEt)_2 SPECT显像在肺肿瘤显像诊断中有一定的临床价值。     

99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像对肺癌及其转移淋巴结的诊断价值

目的探讨99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像对肺癌及其转移淋巴结的诊断价值.方法以术后病理诊断为依据,对57例肺部占位性病变患者的99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT显像结果分良性和肺癌两组进行分析,计算其5min、60min平面以及60min SPECT/CT三维融合断层显像的摄取比值(UR);以肺部良性病灶组UR值的+1s为诊断阈值,对肺癌原发灶及其转移淋巴结的诊断效能进行评价.结果17例肺部良性病灶组其5min和60min平面以及60min SPECT/CT三维融合断层显像的摄取比值(UR)分别为1.05±0.16、0.97±0.22、1.51±0.39,而40例肺癌组其UR值分别为1.41±0.22、1.37±0.23、2.18±0.61同组两时相比较P>0.05,而组间两时相比较P<0.05.以良性结节+1s为诊断阈值,99Tcm-MIBI对肺癌诊断的灵敏度、特异度和准确度分别为90%(36/40)、82.35%(14/17)和87.72%(50/57);假阳性率和假阴性率分别为17.65%(3/17)和10%(4/40);阳性预测值和阴性预测值分别为 92.31%(36/39)和77.78%(14/18).40例恶性病变患者共检出转移淋巴结19个,其CT/SPECT断层融合图像的UR值为1.82±0.37.结论99Tcm-MIBI SPECT/CT同机融合断层显像对肺癌及其转移淋巴结具有较高的诊断价值.     

肺肿瘤99Tcm-N(NOEt)2SPECT显像与P-糖蛋白和增殖细胞核抗原表达的关系

目的探讨肺肿瘤99Tcm-氮-二(N-乙基-N-乙氧基二硫代氨基甲酸盐)[N(NOEt)2]SPECT显像病变部位与对侧对应正常肺组织放射性比值(T/N)与术后病理组织中P-糖蛋白(P-gp)和肿瘤增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)表达间的关系.方法对22例(20例为术前未经药物治疗的肺癌,2例为肺良性病变)患者进行手术,取肿瘤标本,经常规石蜡切片,用免疫组织化学技术检测病变组织P-gp和PCNA表达,并与术前99Tcm-N(NOEt)2 SPECT显像T/N比值对比.结果22例患者中,20例肺恶性肿瘤99Tcm-N(NOEt)2 SPECT显像均表现为异常放射性浓聚,T/N比值为1.29±0.04;2例肺良性病变99Tcm-N(NOEt)2显像T/N比值为1.08±0.13,其中1例为假阳性.22例患者除1例肺腺癌仅P-gp表达阴性外,其余患者P-gp、PCNA均呈阳性表达.22例患者99Tcm-N(NOEt)2SPECT延迟显像T/N比值与术后病理组织中P-gp和PCNA表达程度均无关(r值分别为0.123和-0.145,P均＞0.05,双侧),且病理组织中P-gp与PCNA表达程度也无关(r=0.062,P＞0.05,双侧).结论肿瘤细胞摄取99Tcm-N(NOEt)2与其P-gp和PCNA表达程度无关.     

99Tcm-二亚乙基三胺五乙酸与99Tcm-奥曲肽眼眶显像在甲状腺相关性眼病中的对比研究

Objective Through a comparative study of 99Tcm-diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (99Tcm-DTPA) and 99Tcm-octreotide (99Tcm-OCT) SPECT orbital scan, evaluated the clinic significance of two imaging of estimation activity in thyroid associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). Methods Aeording to the elinnic activity score (CAS), 26 TAO patients were divided into two groups: active group (CAS ≥3) and inactive group (CAS<3), 14 volunteers (control group) participates this study. Orbit scan were completed after intravenously injection with 99Tcm-DTPA 740 MBq and 99Tcm-OCT (every other day). Obtaining the uptake ratio (UR) of two kinds of orbit scans. The statistical analyses included Paired-samples t test analysis of variance and Spearman regression analysis. Results There is no statistically significance between the two methods in UR (t=0.075, P>0.05). There is a statistically significant correlation was found between CAS and the uptake ratios(99Tcm-DTPA: r=0.835, P<0.001; 99Tcm-OCT: r=0.912, P<0.001). Conclusions There is a good uniformity between 99Tcm-DTPA and 99Tcm-OCT orbital scan; 99Tcm-DTPA is a feasible and maybe a new promising estimation method of activity in the patients with TAO.     

The role of interventional radiology in trauma

Introduction Interventional Radiology has evolved into a specialty having enormous input into the care of the traumatized patient.In all hospitals,regardless of size,the Interventional Radiologist must consider their relationships with the trauma service in order to     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Diagnóstico ecográfico del neumotórax

The ultrasonographic diagnosis of pneumothorax is based on the analysis of artifacts. It is possible to confirm or rule out pneumothorax by combining the following signs: lung sliding, the A and B lines, and the lung point. One fundamental advantage of lung ultrasonography is its easy access in any critical situation, especially in patients in the intensive care unit. For this reason, chest ultrasonography can be used as an alternative to plain-film X-rays and computed tomography in critical patients and in patients with normal plain films in whom pneumothorax is strongly suspected, as well as to evaluate the extent of the pneumothorax and monitor its evolution.     

Carbohydrate Supplementation during Exercise: Does It Help? How Much is Too Much?

KEY POINTS· Carbohydrate intake during exercise can delay the onset of fatigue and improve performance of prolonged exercise as well as exercise of shorter duration and greater intensity (e.g., continuous exercise lasting about 1h and intermittent high-intensity exercise), but the mechanisms by which performance is improved are different.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

磁共振DWI和动态增强鉴别颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤的应用

目的 探讨磁共振扩散加权成像(DWI)和动态增强在颅底脊索瘤和侵袭性垂体瘤(IPA)鉴别诊断中的应用价值.方法 搜集经手术病理证实且影像学有鞍区破坏的颅底脊索瘤患者15例、向鼻咽部侵犯的IPA患者20例.测量二者的表观扩散系数(ADC)值,绘制受试者工作特征曲线(ROC),分析动态增强曲线的类型,统计达峰时间(TTP)、增强峰值(EP)和最大对比增强率(MCER),分析各个参数在鉴别诊断中的价值.结果 颅底脊索瘤的ADC值为(1.274±0.07)×10-3mm2/s,高于IPA ADC值(0.672±0.03) ×10-3 mm2/s(P ＜0.001),ADC阈值为0.964×10-3mm2/s时,ROC曲线下面积为0.997,敏感度为93.3％,特异度为100％.颅底脊索瘤时间-信号强度曲线(TIC)Ⅰ型14例,TICⅢ型1例,此例TICⅢ型者TTP约40 s;IPA TIC Ⅰ型7例,TICⅢ型13例.颅底脊索瘤和IPA的EP、MCER差异均有统计学意义(P ＜0.001).结论 ADC值和TIC的类型及其相关参数(EP,MCER)有助于颅底脊索瘤和IPA之间的鉴别.     

Treatment of intrahepatic arteriovenous fistula in hepatocellular carcinoma with N-butyl-2-cyanoacrylate

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) continues to be one of the most common malignancies with an incidence of approximately one million cases per year and a dismal prognosis; some authors have reported a median survival of 1 ～ 2 months after diagnosis. Although surgery remains the only hope for cure, few patients are candidates[1,2].     

U50,488H对正常及缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用

目的 探讨心脏阿片受体和β-受体相互作用的机制。方法 采用全细胞膜片钳技术,观察U50,488H(β-阿片受体选择性激动剂)对正常和缺氧心肌细胞L型钙电流的作用。结果 U50,488H剂量依赖性(0．1～100μmol／L)抑制正常心肌细胞的L型钙电流及异丙肾上腺素(0．1μmol／L)激动的钙电流,而细胞缺氧后,这一抑制作用减弱;U50,488H对Forskolin(10μmol／L)激动的L型钙电流无明显影响。结论 β-阿片受体对β-受体信号的负性调节作用在细胞缺氧后减弱,其作用位点可能发生于β-受体与腺苷酸环化酶环节之间。