关节镜下人工韧带移植重建膝前后交叉韧带

目的回顾性研究关节镜下应用人工韧带重建膝交叉韧带的疗效。方法应用LARS人工韧带对16例交叉韧带损伤行关节镜下重建,术后予以早期康复锻练,对临床疗效进行回顾性分析。结果手术时间55～96min,平均65min。16例均随访3～30个月,平均16个月。术后无滑膜炎、韧带断裂、活动受限等并发症。按照IKDC评分标准及Lysholm膝关节功能评分进行评估,术后膝关节功能均得到良好恢复。结论LARS人工韧带的应用能避免取材部位的并发症,操作简便,可早期康复锻炼,极好的恢复关节屈伸度,获得满意疗效。     

关节镜下人工韧带治疗膝后交叉韧带损伤

通过对11例膝后交叉韧带(PCL),对断裂患者在关节镜下行Gore-Tex人工韧带重建PCL,对近期随访结果进行分析,随访9～21个月,平均17个月。术后所有患膝不稳定症状消失。Lachnan试验阴性,后抽屉试验阴性,关节功能良好。根据Lysholm膝关节评分法,平均积分由术前的54分提高到术后的89分。认为关节镜下人工韧带治疗后交叉韧带损伤手术反应小,恢复快,近期疗效肯定,远期疗效尚待日后更深入的研究。     

关节镜下人工韧带治疗膝后交叉韧带损伤

通过对１１例膝后交叉韧带（ＰＣＬ）,对断裂患者在关节镜下行Ｇｏｒｅ－Ｔｅｘ人工韧带重建ＰＣＬ,对近期随访结果进行分析,随访９￣２１个月,平均１７个月。术后所有患膝不稳定症状消失。Ｌａｃｈｍａｎ试验阴性,后抽屉试验阴性骨折关节功能良好。根据Ｌｙｓｈｏｌｍ膝关节评分法,平均积分由术前的５４分提高到术后的８９分。认为关节镜下代 韧带治疗后交叉韧带损伤手术反应小,恢复快,近期疗效肯定,过 铲尚待日后更深入     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带

目的 探讨在关节镜下应用韧带增强重建系统(ligament advanced reinforcement system,LARS)人工韧带重建膝关节后交叉韧带的手术方法和临床疗效. 方法 2006年6月-2007年7月,应用LARS人工韧带在关节镜下重建9例膝关节后交叉韧带断裂患者.男8例,女1例;年龄23～49岁.左膝3例,右膝6例.致伤原因:运动扭伤5例,摔伤1例,车祸伤3例.伤后至手术时间6～20 d,平均13.6 d.合并内侧半月板损伤2例,外侧半月板损伤1例.X线片示胫骨平台无撕脱骨折.术前Lysholm膝关节功能评分为40～55分,平均50分:按国际膝关节评分委员会(international kneedocumentation commime,IKDC)评分C级1例,D级8例:反Lachman试验( )l例,( )6例,( )2例.治疗在关节镜下完成,后交叉韧带胫骨止点、隧道用"定位器"完成;股骨止点、隧道在C臂X线机下完成;骨隧道直径为6 mm,LARS人工韧带直径为7 mm. 结果 本组术后切口均1期愈合,无手术相关并发症发生.所有患者均获随访,随访时间8～16个月,平均10.5个月.术后Lysholm评分70～95分,平均85分;优5例,良3例,可1例,优良率为88%.术后IKDC评分A级7例,B级2例;反Lachman试验均为阴性.无术后感染、韧带自发断裂、松动等并发症发生. 结论 运用LARS人工韧带重建膝后交叉韧带可达到解剖重建,有效恢复膝关节稳定性;且关节镜下手术创伤小、康复快、疗效好.     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带及有限切开重建外侧副韧带

目的探讨后交叉韧带、外侧副韧带同时损伤后,应用LARS人工韧带关节镜下重建后交叉韧带并同时有限切开重建外侧副韧带的手术方法。方法8例关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带同时有限切开LARS人工韧带重建外侧副韧带。术后随访6~29个月,采用国际膝关节委员会韧带标准评价表(IKDC)和Lysholm膝关节功能评分表评估患膝功能。结果术后无膝关节感染发生,无伸膝受限,屈膝活动度115~125°,术后随访时IKDC评分:8例均为A类,患者术前Lysholm膝关节功能评分平均为60分以下,终末随访时为平均91·5分。结论膝关节后交叉韧带、外侧副韧带同时损伤,较为少见,采用自体或异体移植物等方法重建创伤大,移植物来源有限,术后并发症多,膝关节术后不能达到即时稳定,易导致术后再次发生膝关节不稳。而应用LARS人工韧带关节镜下重建后交叉韧带,同时重建外侧副韧带,术后膝关节可获得即时稳定,利于膝关节早期活动,避免相关并发症的发生,临床疗效满意。     

关节镜下双臂万向瞄准器的研制与临床应用

目的自行设计在关节镜下重建膝十字韧带时用于韧带附着点定位的瞄准器,并将该瞄准器应用于临床。方法根据经过球面上任何一点垂直于球面的线均经过球心的基本原理,设计出用于重建十字韧带手术时韧带附着点定位的瞄准器。将其用于关节镜下重建后十字韧带手术12例。结果术后随访5～19个月,平均12.1个月。12例患者按照Lysholm膝关节韧带损伤的评分标准,术前平均59.2分,术后平均92.7分,提高了33.5分。Lachman试验全部转为阴性。膝关节活动度平均120°。结论该瞄准器设计合理、定位准确、操作简便,特别是能从膝关节后内侧入路进行后十字韧带重建时胫骨附着点的定位,解决了关节镜下后十字韧带重建时胫骨端附着点定位的困难,是理想的关节镜下重建十字韧带时附着点的定位工具。     

关节镜下中1/3髌腱移植重建膝后十字韧带

目的关节镜下应用中1/3髌腱移植重建后十字韧带,评估其近期临床治疗效果。方法采用骨-中1/3髌腱-骨组织移植重建膝关节后十字韧带,用于治疗后十字韧带损伤后关节不稳定。手术在关节镜下经前方入路完成。结果12例患者平均随访17.3个月。Larson评分由术前60.7分提高到93.4分,Lysholm评分由术前55.0分提高到91.6分。所有患膝术前后抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阳性,术后仅2例后抽屉试验弱阳性、1例Lachman试验弱阳性。结论在关节镜直视下,能准确定位后十字韧带解剖止点,钻制骨隧道,植入移植组织。该技术具有不切开关节囊,损伤小、关节粘连率低的优点。     

关节镜下运用LARS人工韧带重建膝前交叉韧带

[目的]探讨在关节镜下运用"LARS人工韧带"重建膝前交叉韧带的手术方法和临床疗效.[方法]2006年6月起运用法国LARS膝关节前交叉韧带治疗急性前交叉韧带断裂15例,男11例,女4例,年龄22～51岁(平均26.8岁).所有患者术前Arto-scan均提示前交叉韧带连续信号中断,膝关节Lysholm评分平均50分.治疗在关节镜F完成,股骨隧道口定位在外髁内侧面140°弓形弧的中心点,胫骨隧道口定位在平台内外侧髁问嵴之间、髁间窝顶线后2～4 mm.骨隧道直径为7.5 mm、LARs韧带直径为8 mm、空心挤压螺钉直径为8 mm.[结果]经平均18个月随访,术后Lysholm评分平均90分,优8例,良5例,可2例,近期优良率为86.6%.本组无术后感染、无韧带自发断裂、无韧带松动并发症.[结论]运用"LARS人工韧带"重建膝前交叉韧带可达到解剖重建,可有效恢复膝关节稳定性;关节镜下手术拥有创伤小、康复快、疗效好等微创特点.     

LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带的临床应用

目的探讨应用LARS人工韧带重建治疗前交叉韧带损伤的临床疗效及可行性。方法前交叉韧带损伤患者11例,应用LARS人工韧带在关节镜下重建前交叉韧带。结果术后随访7~18个月,平均13个月。按照IKDC评分标准:术前C级4例,D级7例;术后A级4例,B级6例,C级1例。无韧带断裂、松动,急性滑膜炎等常见并发症。短期随访效果满意。结论采用关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建前交叉韧带,有即刻稳定性好、切口小、更适合关节镜内手术、早期康复等优点,但是关节镜技术要求高,费用略高。     

关节镜监视下股骨端横杆式固定重建膝前十字韧带

目的介绍在关节镜监视下利用半腱及股薄肌腱重建膝关节前十字韧带的横杆式固定(Transfix)及其应用体会。方法对72例膝关节前十字韧带断裂患者取自体半腱及股薄肌腱作移植物,在关节镜下应用股骨端横杆、胫骨端界面螺钉固定进行前十字韧带重建,观察此固定方法的可靠性及近期术后疗效,以Lysholm评分评价手术前后膝关节功能。同时行半月板修补2例、部分切除31例、大部分切除8例,软骨损伤病灶修整16例,内侧副韧带修补15例,髌腱断裂修补1例。结果65例患者获随访,随访时间8￣36个月,平均20个月。关节活动度正常,8例患者查体有阳性结果,平均Lysholm评分由术前的(56±6.3)分提高到术后的(91±4.8)分,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。复查X线片见2例股骨及胫骨隧道均扩大,5例股骨隧道扩大,2例胫骨隧道近端扩大,未见关节间隙变窄。并发症:4例横杆打入不足,钉头外突,需再打入,2例于术后8及9个月出现横杆钉头突出;3例胫骨切口以下局部皮肤感觉麻木,经治疗后症状消失。结论应用腘绳肌腱股骨横杆式、胫骨界面挤压螺钉固定法重建膝关节前十字韧带的近期疗效佳,移植物固定可靠,手术操作简便。     

Hamstring tendon autograft versus LARS artificial ligament for arthroscopic posterior cruciate ligament reconstruction in a long-term follow-up

Introduction

Surgical reconstruction has been increasingly recommended for the surgical management of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) ruptures. While the choice of tissue graft still remains controversial. Currently both hamstring tendon autograft (HTG) and ligament advanced reinforcement system (LARS) artificial ligament are widely used but there are seldom reports on the comparisons of their clinical results. Our study was aimed to assess the effectiveness of these two grafts.

Materials and methods

Thirty-five patients with unilateral PCL rupture were enrolled in this retrospectively study. Sixteen of them received arthroscopically assisted PCL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts (HTG group) and nineteen using LARS ligaments (LARS group). All cases were followed up for 46–57 months with a mean of 51 months. Follow-up examinations included radiographic assessment, Lysholm score, Tegner score, International Knee Documentation Committee (IKDC) rating scales and KT-1000 test.

Results

All patients improved significantly at the final follow-up compared with the examinational results preoperatively and there were no significant differences between HTG group and LARS group with respect to the results of radiographic assessment, Lysholm score, Tegner score, IKDC rating scales and KT-1000 test.

Conclusions

Similar good clinical results were obtained after PCL reconstruction using hamstring tendon autografts and LARS ligaments. Both LARS ligament and hamstring tendon autograft are ideal grafts for PCL reconstruction.     

Outcomes of arthroscopic double-bundle PCL reconstruction using the LARS artificial ligament

The purpose of this study was to assess the outcomes of posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) (JK Orthomedic Ltd, Dollard-des-Ormeaux, Quebec, Canada) artificial ligament. Compared with older artificial ligaments, the LARS, which has been used in Europe for 15 years, is more resistant to wear and tear, has satisfactory torsional fatigue resistance, and has good biocompatibility. The current is study included 38 double-bundle PCL reconstructions using the LARS artificial ligament in 38 patients. Mean patient age was 32.6 years, and mean time from injury to surgery was 6 months. Mean follow-up was 37 months (range, 30-68 months). The study endpoint was 2-year follow-up. Mean Tegner score improved from 3.4 ± 0.6 preoperatively to 6.0 ± 1.4 postoperatively (P<.001), and mean Lysholm score improved from 70.0 ± 11.0 pre-operatively to 91.7 ± 5.5 postoperatively (P<.001). Knee laxity decreased significantly postoperatively (P<.001), and no differences existed at 1- and 2-year follow-up. After surgery using the Y-type LARS artificial ligament, knee function and stability improved. Using the LARS artificial ligament for double-bundle reconstruction of the PCL avoids donor-site morbidity and disease transmission. The complication rate is low, and the results appear to be stable with time and comparable with those obtained with other grafts. Double-bundle PCL reconstruction with the LARS artificial ligament may be an alternative treatment option.     

关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带

目的探讨关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建后交叉韧带（PCL）可行性及近期疗效。方法用LARS人工韧带对6例PCL损伤患者行关节镜下PCL重建术。采用PCL重建技术钻胫骨、股骨骨道,将LARS韧带拉入骨道,韧带游离部分位于关节腔内,拉紧后2枚界面螺钉固定韧带。结果手术时间50-80（65±9.92）min。术后无滑膜炎、韧带断裂、活动明显受限等并发症。6例随访6-12（8±2.28）个月。根据Lysholm膝关节功能评分,术前评分：20-37（23.67±10.84）分;术后评分：84-93（88.00±3.46）分（t=16.69,P〈0.01）。结论关节镜下LARS人工韧带重建PCL术中操作简便,效果可靠。     

膝关节后内侧结构损伤合并单一交叉韧带断裂的早期治疗

目的 探讨膝关节后内侧结构损伤合并单一交叉韧带断裂进行早期手术的疗效.方法 2002年1月至2005年12月共治疗12例后内侧结构损伤合并单一交叉韧带断裂患者,其中10例合并前交叉韧带(ACL)断裂,2例合并后交叉韧带(PCL)断裂.交叉韧带损伤术前Lysholm评分为50～60分(平均56.7分).关节镜下重建交叉韧带,开放修复后内侧结构.8例采用自体半腱肌、股薄重建ACL(transfix术式),2例采用骨.髌腱.骨重建ACL.2例采用一端带骨块的异体跟腱蓖建PCL.后内侧结构损伤修复:8例采用星状钢板螺钉同定,2例采用GⅡ锚钉固定.1例采用自体半肌腱、股薄肌移植重建,1 例采用端对端缝合.结果 12例中除2例随访4个月后失访外,其余10例患者术后获平均12个月(6～18个月)随访.交叉韧带损伤重建后Lysholm评分为74～94分(平均81.2分).后内侧结构修复后10例膝伸屈范围正常,2例伸直受限5.外翻应力试验于O啦时,9例正常,2例弱阳性(+),1例阳性(++).结论 膝后内侧结构损伤合并单一交叉韧带断裂时,早期重建交叉韧带同时一期修复膝后内侧结构可以较好地恢复膝关节稳定性.     

Posterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction Using Hamstring Tendon Graft With Remnant Augmentation

Despite good early functional results, the posterior laxity of the knee is not completely eliminated after posterior cruciate ligament (PCL) reconstruction. The PCL can retain the normal tension only when the injured ligament is maintained anatomically. This article describes a technique of PCL reconstruction using hamstring tendon graft with PCL remnant augmentation. The harvested hamstring tendons were quadrupled, sized, and pretensioned before use. The PCL remnants and the synovium were preserved. Minimal debridement was performed to gain access to the insertion sites. The tibia and femoral tunnels were created with graft size–matched reamers. The graft was transfixed at 70° of knee flexion with a 15-lb anterior drawer force on the proximal tibia. This surgical technique has several advantages. The hamstring graft acts as an independent PCL reconstruction and maintains the PCL remnant tension. The PCL remnants and synovium may be beneficial to ligament healing and postoperative rehabilitation. The procedure is technically feasible and cosmetically acceptable. The selection of autograft precludes the risks of allograft and artificial ligament. The short-term results are encouraging, but long-term results are needed to confirm the value of this technique for PCL reconstruction.     

关节镜下空心螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱骨折

目的探讨关节镜下后内侧入路中空螺钉固定治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折的手术技巧及疗效。方法对15例后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折行关节镜下复位经后内侧入路,克氏针临时固定,经克氏针置入单枚带垫片直径4.5 mm中空钛质螺钉固定。结果手术时间40～82 min,平均55 min。随访6～24个月,平均15个月。术后6周,所有骨折均获愈合,未出现骨折移位。无窝部神经、血管损伤并发症。所有患者均无屈伸膝活动受限,仅1例患者后抽屉试验弱阳性。术后半年Lysholm膝关节功能评分89～96分,平均92.5分。结论关节镜下通过后内侧入路带垫片中空螺钉治疗后交叉韧带胫骨止点撕脱性骨折,操作方便、安全,效果可靠。     

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: State of the Art

Abstract The rupture of the Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) belongs to the most common ligament injuries of the human knee joint. ACL rupture results in an increased anterior translation and internal rotation of the tibia. Untreated knee instability causes a disintegration of the roll and sliding movement and a high incidence of secondary meniscus and chondral damages with consecutive or advanced arthritic changes. For deciding on a conservative or operative therapy, it is necessary to develop a high-risk profile. Elderly, inactive patients without instability symptoms can be treated conservatively; younger, active people and complex ligament injuries should receive an ACL replacement. The goal is to eliminate instability by maintaining the physiological kinematics of the knee. Anterior cruciate ligament may be reconstructed arthroscopically assisted by autologous tendons. Predominantly, hamstring- and bone-patellar-tendon grafts are used. No significant differences in knee laxity, clinically and functionally, were observed between both grafts. Various reconstruction techniques, single- or double-bundle techniques, were described. Successful replacement depends on a correct tunnel placement and reconstruction of the physiological band tension, a sufficient mechanical stability of fixation, an impingement-free range of motion and an adequate rehabilitation. A high degree of patient satisfaction in clinical and functional outcome could be evaluated.     

关节镜下膝关节后交叉韧带重的临床体会

目的：总结17例关节镜下后交叉韧带重的体会。方法：关节镜下移植中1／3骨－髋韧带－骨或半腱＋股薄肌腱组织建重膝关节后交叉韧带,用于治疗后交叉韧带损伤后关节不稳定。结果：所有患平均随访时间为13．1个月。Larson评分由术前61例提高到93分。Lysholm评分由术前55分提高到91分。所有患膝术前后抽屉试验及Lachman试验均阳性,术后仅2例抽屉试验弱阳性,1例Lachman弱阳性,所有患主观评价膝关节功能明显增进,对治疗效果满意。结论：在关节镜直视下,能准确确定位后交叉韧带解剖止点,钻制骨遂道,植入移植组织,该技术具有不切开关节囊,损伤小、关节粘连率低的优点。