舒脉胶囊对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的:研究舒脉胶囊对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法:制备大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,用化学比色法测定血清肌酸激酶(CK)、乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)含量及心肌组织匀浆丙二醛(MDA)含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性,用放免法测定血浆内皮素(ET)及降钙素基因相关肽(CGRP)含量。结果:大鼠心肌缺血10min,再灌注30min后,血清CK水平明显升高,血浆ET含量增加,心肌组织匀浆SOD活性下降。舒脉胶囊可显著降低缺血再灌注大鼠血中CK、ET水平及心肌组织MDA含量,显著升高血中CGRP水平及心肌组织SOD活性。结论:舒脉胶囊对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,其作用机制可能与扩张血管、提高氧自由基清除酶活性、抑制脂质过氧化反应有关。     

PCI术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤运用黄芪注射液的临床研究

目的观察黄芪注射液对经皮冠状动脉介入（PCI）术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法选取2011年6月-2013年6月我院65例行PCI手术治疗的急性心肌梗死患者,随机分为对照组32例,治疗组33例。治疗组给予黄芪注射液30mL,静滴,7天;对照组仅进行标准化PCI手术治疗。分别于PCI术前、术后第1天、第3天、第7天测定两组患者血清心肌酶学指标：肌钙蛋白（cTnI）、丙氨酸转氨酶（AST）、肌酸激酶（CK）及肌酸激酶-同工酶（CK-MB）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）。氧自由基指标：丙二醛（MDA）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力,以及一氧化氮（NO）活性、cTnI、AST、CK、CK-MB、LDH,氧自由基指标：MDA、SOD以及NO活性等。结果两组患者cTnI在PCI术后各时期均下降,术后第7天与术前比较,AST、CK、CKMB均降低,血清MDA含量降低、SOD及NO活性升高。而PCI术后第1天、第3天与术前比较,两组患者血清MDA含量升高,SOD及NO活性下降,以术后第1天最为显著,反映心肌缺血损伤指标的血清AST、LDH、CK、CKMB活性亦明显升高,说明PCI术后氧自由基及其引发的脂质过氧化作用引起了心肌细胞的损伤。而治疗组给予黄芪注射液治疗后可降低MDA的含量,提高SOD及NO的活性,减少心肌酶的释放,具有保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤的作用。结论黄芪注射液能有效清除氧自由基,减轻脂质过氧化,从而保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

红景天苷对大鼠心肌缺血预处理后血管内皮生长因子表达的影响

目的观察红景天苷对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注预处理后血管内皮生长因子表达的影响。方法选取16只健康大鼠,随机分为缺血/再灌注组、红景天苷预处理组,其中缺血/再灌注组、红景天苷预处理组经尾静脉注射垂体后叶素制作大鼠急性心肌缺血模型,另设8只为空白对照组。红景天苷预处理组经尾静脉注射1%红景天苷2 m L/(kg·d),每天1次,连续7 d,空白对照组和缺血/再灌注组给予等体积生理盐水预处理。于缺血预处理前及缺血预处理7 d后经眶静脉取血,采用双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定(ELISA)法测定大鼠血清受体胎肝激酶1(FLK-1)及FLK-1 m RNA,缺氧诱导因子-1α(HIF-1α)及HIF-1αm RNA,心肌血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)及m RNA表达;采用测试药盒测定心肌组织中丙二醛(MDA)含量、血清超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)及过氧化氢酶(CAT)活性等指标。结果红景天苷预处理组在缺血预处理7 d后FLK-1及FLK-1 m RNA、HIF-1α及HIF-1αm RNA、VEGF蛋白质及VEGF m RNA的表达均明显增强,与空白对照组、缺血/再灌注组、预处理前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。同时,红景天苷预处理组CAT、SOD活性明显升高,MDA含量明显降低,与缺血/再灌注组及缺血预处理前比较,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论红景天苷预处理急性心肌缺血大鼠,可减轻其血管内皮炎症反应及损伤程度,促使大鼠缺血心肌血管内皮新生,增强组织对自由基清除酶活性,抑制脂质过氧化反应,对急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型大鼠有保护作用。     

参麦对幼兔未成熟心肌缺血—再灌注损伤的影响

目的 观察参麦对幼兔未成熟心肌缺血—再灌注损伤的影响,并对可能的作用机制进行初步探讨.方法 健康雌性日本大耳白幼兔（兔龄21～28 d）,随机分为缺血—再灌注组（I组）、参麦组（S组）和对照组（C组）3组.结扎冠状动脉左前降支（LAD）制作在体兔心肌缺血—再灌注损伤动物模型,其中C组只穿缝线不结扎动脉,S组于动脉结扎前给予参麦,I、S组结扎LAD 60 min,再灌注120 min时抽取动脉血测血清一氧化氮（NO）和同型半胱氨酸（Hcy）浓度,取缺血区心肌测心肌含水量.同时,心肌组织送检总超氧化物歧化酶SOD （T-SOD）和丙二醛（MDA）.结果 与C组比较,I组血清NO浓度、Hcy浓度、心肌含水量以及心肌MDA浓度均升高,T-SOD浓度则降低,S组血清NO浓度升高.与I组比较,S组血清NO浓度升高,心肌T-SOD浓度升高,心肌MDA浓度、血清Hcy浓度和心肌含水量下降.结论 参麦对幼兔心肌缺血—再灌注损伤有保护作用,其机制与参麦增加血清中的NO浓度、增加心肌SOD并减少MDA发挥其抗氧化作用以及减轻Hcy堆积等有关.     

人参皂苷Rg1和白藜芦醇配伍对心肌缺血再灌注损伤保护作用

目的:观察人参皂苷Rg1和白藜芦醇配伍预处理对大鼠心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响。方法:75只大鼠分为假手术组、缺血再灌注损伤组(模型组)、人参皂苷加白藜芦醇组(配伍组)、人参皂苷组和白藜芦醇组,每组15只,药物治疗组给予人参皂苷Rg1和白藜芦醇等预处理,制备心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,观察大鼠血清中IL-17与CK的水平,心肌组织中Bcl-2、Bax的表达水平,ATP、NO、丙二醛(MDA)含量及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、诱导型一氧化氮合酶(iNOS)、内皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)活性的变化。结果:与假手术组比较,模型组血清IL-17与CK的水平明显升高;心肌组织Bcl-2表达水平降低、Bax表达水平升高,ATP、NO含量降低;MDA含量升高,SOD活性降低,iNOS活性升高,eNOS活性降低。与模型组比较,人参皂苷加白藜芦醇组大鼠血清IL-17与CK的水平降低;心肌组织Bcl-2表达水平升高、Bax表达水平降低,ATP、NO含量升高;MDA含量降低,SOD活性升高,iNOS活性降低,eNOS活性升高。结论:人参皂苷Rg1与白藜芦醇配伍可能通过抑制心肌细胞凋亡,降低细胞内游离Ca2+浓度,增加自由基清除能力,减低内皮功能及炎症损伤程度等机制对缺血心肌产生一定的保护作用。     

二巯基丙磺酸钠对兔急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤血清ET-1的影响

目的研究兔急性心肌缺血-再灌损伤时血清内皮素-1(ET-1)水平变化及二巯基丙磺酸钠对其的影响。方法新西兰兔20只,随机分成两组:①缺血再灌注组;②二巯基丙磺酸钠保护组。两组分别于缺血前、再灌注后即时及再灌注后0.5h、1h、2h、4h、6h取静脉血。采用放射免疫法分别测定血清ET-1含量。结果缺血再灌注组血清ET-1水平在心肌缺血后明显升高(P<0.05),且于再灌注后1h达高峰(P<0.01),至再灌注后6h仍较缺血前高(P<0.05)。二巯基丙磺酸钠保护组血清ET-1水平于缺血及再灌注的各时间点较缺血前无显著性差异。结论兔急性心肌缺血再灌注损伤时ET-1水平反应性升高,二巯基丙磺酸钠可抑制其分泌而对心肌起保护作用。     

参附注射液对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤中内皮功能的影响

目的观察实验兔心肌缺血再灌注(I/R)损伤中内皮功能的改变和参附注射液(SFI)对它的影响及作用机制。方法把21只日本大耳白兔随机分为假手术对照组(A组)、心肌I/R模型组(B组)及心肌I/R SFI治疗组(C组),每组7只。检测指标:结扎前、缺血40min、再灌注40min3个时相点血清一氧化氮代谢产物(NOP)和血浆内皮素(ET)的含量;再灌注40min后心肌组织总超氧化物歧化酶(T-SOD)和丙二醛(MDA)的含量;电镜观察心肌的超微结构。结果B组与A组比较,缺血40min、再灌注40min血清NOP明显降低,血浆ET显著增高,且二者呈显著负相关;再灌注40min后心肌组织T-SOD明显降低,MDA明显增高,NOP与T-SOD、ET与MDA均呈显著正相关,NOP与MDA、ET与T-SOD均呈显著负相关;心肌的超微结构发生异常改变。C组与B组比较,缺血40min、再灌注40minNOP水平明显增高;再灌注40minET水平明显降低;再灌注40min后心肌组织T-SOD显著增高,MDA显著降低;心肌超微结构的异常改变明显减轻。结论SFI具有改善兔心肌I/R中自由基介导的内皮功能紊乱作用,可减轻心肌的I/R损伤。     

促红细胞生成素对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用

目的探讨促红细胞生成素(erythropoietin,Epo)对兔心肌缺血再灌注的保护作用。方法建立兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型,选用新西兰兔30只随机分为对照组、缺血组、Epo治疗组,检测血浆丙二醛(MDA)、肌酸激酶(CK)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB)、肌钙蛋白T(cTnT)和心脏组织匀浆超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、白介素-6(IL-6)变化。结果 Epo治疗组血浆MDA、CK、CK-MB、cTnT水平较缺血组显著下降(P<0.05);心脏组织匀浆SOD显著升高、IL-6显著降低(P<0.05)。结论 Epo对兔心肌缺血再灌注损伤具有保护作用,这种作用可能与提高心脏组织中SOD水平,降低心脏组织中IL-6水平有关。     

PCI术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤运用黄芪注射液的临床研究

目的观察黄芪注射液对PCI术后心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用。方法选取2011年6月至2013年6月我院65例行PCI手术治疗的急性心肌梗塞患者,随机分为对照组32人,治疗组33人。治疗组给予黄芪注射液30ml静脉滴注,持续7天,而对照组则仅进行标准化PCI手术治疗。分别于PCI术前、术后第1天、术后第3天、术后第7天测定两组患者血清心肌酶学指标：cTnI、AST、CK、CK-MB、LDH,氧自由基指标：MDA、SOD以及NO活性等。结果两组患者cTnI在PCI术后各时期均下降,术后第7天与术前比较,心肌酶指标AST、CK、CKMB均降低,血清MDA含量降低、SOD及NO活性升高。而PCI术后第1天、第3天与术前比较,两组患者血清MDA含量升高,SOD及NO活性下降,以术后第1天最为显著,反映心肌缺血损伤指标的血清AST、LDH、CK、CKMB活性亦明显升高,说明PCI术后氧自由基及其引发的脂质过氧化作用引起了心肌细胞的损伤。而治疗组给予黄芪注射液治疗后可降低MDA的含量,提高SOD及NO的活性,减少心肌酶的释放,具有保护MIRI的作用。结论本临床研究表明,黄芪能有效清除氧自由基,减轻脂质过氧化,从而保护心肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

补阳还五汤预处理对MIRI家兔心肌酶及氧化指标的影响

目的观察及探讨补阳五汤对心肌缺血再灌注损伤的保护作用及机制。方法24只家兔随机分为3组：假手术组、模型组、补阳还五汤组。分别预处理1周后,结扎左冠状动脉前降支建立心肌缺血再灌注损伤模型。测定血清中肌酸激酶（CK）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、丙二醛（MDA）的含量。结果与模型组比较,补阳还五汤组血清CK、LDH及MDA含量明显降低（P〈0．01）,血清SOD的活性显著升高（P〈0．01）。结论补阳还五汤可清除氧自由基,减轻心肌缺血再灌注损伤。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

APPLICATION OF LORNOXICAM TO PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA IN PATIENTS UNDERGOING ABDOMINAL SURGERIES

FOR anesthesiologis s ,treatingpostoperativepainhas alwaysbeen a problem.Althoughopioidshave been provedtobe effective,theirsideeffectscouldnotbeignored.With thedevelopmentofscienceand pharmacology,many drugs with aspectsof satisfactoryanalgesicefficacyand couldbe welltoleratedby patientshave been developed.And lornoxicamisone of them, which isa non-steroidalanti-inflammatorydrug (NSAID ), with analgesic, anti-infl-ammatory,andantipyreticproperties.Itseliminationhalf-time(3 to 5 hours) isle…     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.