烧伤后全耳缺损Ⅰ期再造术

目的 探讨颞浅筋膜瓣翻转覆盖Medpor耳支架Ⅰ期全耳再造术在烧伤后全耳缺损修复中的应用效果和操作要点。方法 以Medpor为耳廓支架，掀起颞浅筋膜瓣，翻转包裹Medpor耳支架，筋膜表面游离植皮行Ⅰ期全耳再造术，共修复15例烧伤后全耳廓缺损患者。结果 15例患者再造耳廓外形满意。结论 颞浅筋膜瓣翻转包裹Medpor支架Ⅰ期全耳再造，具有手术时间短，操作步骤少，患者损伤小以及术后耳廓形态满意等优点，是一种适合于修复烧伤后全耳廓缺损畸形的手术方法。     

皮肤扩张加颞浅筋膜瓣耳再造修复小耳畸形

目的总结应用皮肤扩张术加颞浅筋膜瓣行耳再造修复小耳畸形的临床经验。方法小耳畸形患儿6例,均行颅侧区皮肤扩张颞浅筋膜瓣覆盖、自体肋软骨作耳廓支架行全耳再造。结果平均随访1.5年,6例外耳结构清晰,外形满意,耳颅角稳定在30°~40°。结论皮肤扩张加颞浅筋膜瓣耳再造是一种较好的外耳成形方法。     

扩张颞顶筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯支架全耳廓再造术

目的 探讨采用预制颞顶筋膜瓣置入于残耳乳突区皮下进行扩张,观察以扩张的筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯（porous high density polyethylene,Medpor）支架做全耳廓再造术的方法 和效果.方法 30例先天性小耳畸形,手术分两期：Ⅰ期,设计带有颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的预制岛状颞浅筋膜瓣,植入残耳侧乳突区皮下腔穴,然后置入皮肤扩张器进行同期同步扩张;Ⅱ期,将扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣掀起,覆盖于Medpor支架上,耳后创面中厚植皮,进行全耳廓再造术.结果 经6个月至3年的随访观察,再造耳廓外形逼真,皮色红润,与周围皮肤颜色无异,其大小、形状、位置与面部协调,与健耳对称,微细结构显示清晰.结论 选用Medpor支架,只要熟悉此材料的生物特性,选择合适的手术操作步骤要点,然后采用预制扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣覆盖支架,可将手术并发症减少到最低限度,具有创伤小、操作简单、疗程短、术后效果满意、可避免耳廓外形臃肿或支架外露等优点.耳后筋膜皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣两者结合,是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造的一种方法 .     

扩张颞顶筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯支架全耳廓再造术

目的 探讨采用预制颞顶筋膜瓣置入于残耳乳突区皮下进行扩张,观察以扩张的筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯(porous high density polyethylene,Medpor)支架做全耳廓再造术的方法 和效果.方法 30例先天性小耳畸形,手术分两期:Ⅰ期,设计带有颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的预制岛状颞浅筋膜瓣,植入残耳侧乳突区皮下腔穴,然后置入皮肤扩张器进行同期同步扩张;Ⅱ期,将扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣掀起,覆盖于Medpor支架上,耳后创面中厚植皮,进行全耳廓再造术.结果 经6个月至3年的随访观察,再造耳廓外形逼真,皮色红润,与周围皮肤颜色无异,其大小、形状、位置与面部协调,与健耳对称,微细结构显示清晰.结论 选用Medpor支架,只要熟悉此材料的生物特性,选择合适的手术操作步骤要点,然后采用预制扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣覆盖支架,可将手术并发症减少到最低限度,具有创伤小、操作简单、疗程短、术后效果满意、可避免耳廓外形臃肿或支架外露等优点.耳后筋膜皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣两者结合,是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造的一种方法 .     

扩张颞顶筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯支架全耳廓再造术

目的 探讨采用预制颞顶筋膜瓣置入于残耳乳突区皮下进行扩张,观察以扩张的筋膜瓣覆盖多孔高密度聚乙烯(porous high density polyethylene,Medpor)支架做全耳廓再造术的方法 和效果.方法 30例先天性小耳畸形,手术分两期:Ⅰ期,设计带有颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的预制岛状颞浅筋膜瓣,植入残耳侧乳突区皮下腔穴,然后置入皮肤扩张器进行同期同步扩张;Ⅱ期,将扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣掀起,覆盖于Medpor支架上,耳后创面中厚植皮,进行全耳廓再造术.结果 经6个月至3年的随访观察,再造耳廓外形逼真,皮色红润,与周围皮肤颜色无异,其大小、形状、位置与面部协调,与健耳对称,微细结构显示清晰.结论 选用Medpor支架,只要熟悉此材料的生物特性,选择合适的手术操作步骤要点,然后采用预制扩张的耳后筋膜皮瓣连带颞浅筋膜瓣覆盖支架,可将手术并发症减少到最低限度,具有创伤小、操作简单、疗程短、术后效果满意、可避免耳廓外形臃肿或支架外露等优点.耳后筋膜皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣两者结合,是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造的一种方法 .     

耳廓再造术后形态不良的美容修复

目的：探讨耳廓再造术后形态不良的再次手术修复。方法：沿形态不良再造耳廓耳前皮瓣边缘做切口,在耳廓支架表面剥离形成耳前皮瓣,将耳廓支架后方组织剥离后完成取出耳廓支架,拆分成软骨组织块备用。根据未损伤的筋膜瓣情况剥离形成耳后筋膜瓣或颞浅筋膜瓣。重新采集肋软骨后雕刻成立体耳廓支架,应用耳前皮瓣和筋膜瓣行耳廓再造术结果：于2006年1月～2008年12月,收治外院行耳廓再造术但术后形态不良的患者43例,修复后的再造耳廓具有三角窝、耳舟、耳轮等表面结构,而且具有良好的立体形态。结论：耳廓再造术后形态不良可以应用耳前皮瓣、筋膜瓣和立体耳廓支架技术重新修复。     

颞顶筋膜瓣与扩张皮瓣联合覆盖Medpor支架外耳再造术

目的探讨颞顶筋膜瓣与扩张皮瓣联合覆盖Medpor支架再造外耳的效果。方法手术分两期进行:一期手术在乳突区置入皮肤软组织扩张器,并定时注水扩张;第二期手术将扩张器取出并形成蒂在前的扩张皮瓣、掀起以颞浅血管为蒂的颞顶筋膜瓣,应用颞顶筋膜瓣和乳突区扩张皮瓣双重由里至外覆盖Medpor耳支架完成耳廓再造。结果临床应用22例,随访半年至2年半,无耳支架外露发生,再造的耳廓外形逼真,轮廓分明,肤色与周围正常皮肤一致。结论应用乳突区扩张皮瓣及颞顶筋膜瓣双层组织瓣包被Medpor耳支架,可以提高Medpor耳支架置入的安全性,避免发生外露,又不影响支架外形和轮廓的显现,再造耳表面皮肤的色泽与周围皮肤一致。     

乳突区超量扩张皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣联合包裹多孔高密度聚乙烯支架全耳廓成形术

目的 探讨应用乳突区超量扩张皮瓣联合颞浅筋膜瓣包裹多孔高密度聚乙烯( Medpor)支架行全耳廓成形术的效果.方法 手术分三期进行:第Ⅰ期在乳突区置入皮肤软组织扩张器,并超量注水扩张;第Ⅱ期将扩张器取出并形成蒂在前的扩张皮瓣、掀起以颞浅血管为蒂的颞浅筋膜瓣,应用乳突区超量扩张皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣联合由里至外包裹Medpor耳支架完成全耳廓成形术,第Ⅲ期为残耳处理及耳垂再造.结果 临床应用12例,随访3个月至1年,耳支架外露发生1例,形成的耳廓外形逼真,轮廓分明,肤色与周围正常皮肤一致.结论 应用乳突区超量扩张皮瓣与颞浅筋膜瓣双层组织瓣联合包裹Medpor耳支架,可以获得更多的皮肤面积并提高Medpor耳支架置入的安全性,避免发生外露,又不影响支架外形和轮廓的显现,制作的耳廓表面皮肤的色泽与周围皮肤一致.     

耳后联合筋膜皮瓣全耳廓再造的临床研究

目的：探讨颞顶筋膜瓣、耳后筋膜瓣两瓣（简称：耳后联合筋膜瓣）包裹Medpor支架行先天性小耳畸形全耳再造术的方法和效果。方法：手术分为两期：I期采用颞浅动静脉顶支为血管蒂的岛状筋膜瓣,植入残耳乳突区耳后剥离的皮下腔穴,然后植入皮肤扩张器与耳后筋膜皮瓣进行同期同步扩张;II期取出扩张器,将扩张耳后联合筋膜皮瓣包裹Medpor支架行全耳廓再造术。结果：38例患者中,经6个月～3年的随访,再造耳形态结构稳定,颜色与周围皮肤相近,微细结构清晰,颅耳角良好与健耳对称。结论：该方法既可解决覆盖支架的难题,又将手术并发症减少到最低限度,避免支架外露。是目前较为理想的全耳廓再造术的一种新方法。     

耳后联合双层筋膜瓣Medpor支架全耳再造的临床研究

目的:探讨采用颞顶筋膜瓣与耳后筋膜皮瓣(简称:耳后联合双层筋膜瓣),Medpor支架行先天性小耳畸形全耳再造术的方法和效果。方法:采用颞顶支为血管蒂的岛状筋膜瓣移转至残耳乳突区耳后,与耳后乳突区筋膜皮瓣同期同步进行扩张,然后将扩张的耳后联合双层筋膜皮瓣包裹Medpor支架行全耳廓再造。结果:本组患者中经3个月~3年的随访,再造耳皮肤颜色与耳周缘面部相接近,微细结构清晰,颅耳角与健耳对称,形态结构好。结论:耳后联合双层筋膜瓣+Medpor支架行全耳廓再造,既能有效避免支架外露和传统手术供区胸壁畸形,又能避免切取自体肋软骨增加的创伤及痛苦。再造耳皮肤颜色与正常肤色相似,形态满意,是一种值得推广的手术方法。     

乳突区双扩张器重叠埋置在全耳廓再造术中的应用

目的 介绍应用两个皮肤软组织扩张器叠加埋置的方法进行全耳廓再造的临床经验。方法 自2008年1月至2011年12月,共27例小耳畸形患者实施该方法。一期手术在患侧乳突区埋置肾形皮肤软组织扩张器80 mL（或100 mL） 和50 mL 各一个,将体积大的扩张器叠加放置在体积小的扩张器之上,术后定期交替扩张器注水3～6月。二期手术全部采用Medpor人工耳廓支架,取出扩张器,将扩张的皮瓣直接包裹支架,负压维持耳廓成形。结果 随访时间4～50月,27例再造的耳廓外形位置良好,皮肤质地与周围皮肤相近,颅耳沟稳定无回缩,扩张皮瓣无坏死。2例患者因伤口裂开发生耳廓支架外露(7.4%),进行一次修补手术后恢复良好。结论 乳突区叠加埋置两个扩张器全耳廓再造术,避免了植皮,不再使用耳后筋膜瓣和颞筋膜瓣,手术过程简单化,缩短了手术时间,部分再造耳廓亚单位欠清晰,但总体效果满意。     

Ohrrekonstruktion mit Medpor®-Gerüsten – Tipps und Tricks

In the case of traumatic defects or congenital malformations, ear reconstruction using a porous polyethylene framework covered by a temporal parietal fascia flap (TPFF) is one of the best known procedures. Due to the material’s porosity, blood vessel and tissue ingrowth into the grafts is possible. The complex form of the ear to be reconstructed is achieved within a relatively short time and with tolerable discomfort for the patient; this can even be achieved in one surgical session if tragus reconstruction is successful in the first session. During surgery, particular attention should be paid to preserving the course of the superficial temporal artery and veins, as well as their integration into the TPFF. The ear framework is tailored individually using the implant components“ear base” and“helical rim”, while the contralateral ear is used as the template for the ear to be reconstructed. The framework is covered by the TPFF, which is elevated by a combination of mastoid skin incision and endoscopy from the cranial end of the fascia flap. The TPFF is laid loosely, without any tension, over the entire framework and then covered with the available local skin, retroauricular full-thickness skin from the healthy side and groin skin. Skin quality should be taken into consideration in advance with regard to the expected outcome.     

Total auricular reconstruction without skin grafting

Successful ear reconstruction depends on two factors: an ear framework and the skin covering the framework. However, the relative deficiency of skin for coverage of the cartilage framework remains an issue. This new method for total auricular reconstruction is a three-stage operation and involves the use of two tissue expanders. First, two skin expanders are implanted, one underneath the scalp and the other sited behind the microtic ear. At the second stage, after lobule transposition, the two expanded skin flaps (upper and lower) and mastoid fascial flap are raised. At the same time, the autogenous rib cartilage is harvested and the framework constructed. The cartilage framework is then anchored between the upper expanded skin flap and the fascial flap with its inferior pole inserted into the rotated earlobe. The upper expanded skin flap covers the whole anterior surface of the framework and drapes over the margins of the fascial flap, which wrap the framework from beneath. The raw surface of fascial flap is covered with the lower expanded skin flap. The formation of a pseudomeatus and tragus is performed at the third stage. Deficiency of skin is the major problem encountered with the other conventional methods. Our innovations using two tissue expanders in combination with an autogenous rib cartilage framework eliminate this problem completely.     

颞顶筋膜瓣包裹Medpor全外耳一期成形术

目的：探索一种能获得理想外形、手术简便的一期全外耳成形术。方法：应用Med-por材料作支架，外包颞顶筋膜瓣和移植皮片。结果：19例耳成形均告成功，经过1-2个月水肿消退后，成形耳外形逼真，轮廓清晰。结论：Medpor支架性质稳定，易于雕塑成形，能赋予成形耳较好的外形，而颞顶筋膜瓣具有丰富的血供和坚韧的生物力学特性，将两者结合应用于耳再造手术中，使外耳成形术成为一项相对简便和安全的手术。     

先天性小耳畸形的耳廓再造

目的：总结采用I期和分期手术方法再造先天性小耳畸形耳廓缺损的经验。方法：根据耳廓缺损的范围和外形要求，2000年3月至2002年5月，分别采用I期成形耳后皮瓣，筋膜瓣全耳廓再造和皮肤的张后，分期全耳廓再造两种术式修复23例先天性Ⅱ度小耳畸形。如果：23例中21例再造效果理想，其中手术效果不佳两例。一例为分期再造术后软骨支架排出，经再用颞浅筋膜I期覆盖手术补救成功。另一例为I期再造术后耳部外形欠佳的，经二次手术修整后，也可达到满意效果。结论：在耳财造术中，耳廓软骨支架的立体雕塑是本技术的关键，耳后皮肤扩张，及充分利用小耳组织，术后持续的负压吸引，有助于塑造更完善的耳廓。     

Firm elevation of the auricle in reconstruction of microtia with a retroauricular fascial flap wrapping an autogenous cartilage wedge.

During conventional reconstruction of the auricle in patients with microtia, simply separating the auricle from the mastoid region with a full-thickness skin graft usually fails to create firm elevation and sufficient projection. To achieve frontal symmetry is difficult, and sometimes the normal auricle needs to be set back. We reconstructed the auricle in patients with microtia in two major stages using a modified Nagata's method. Using a wide W-incision skin flap, the first stage includes implantation of a cartilage framework and transposition of the ear lobule. Our modification lies in the second stage. Instead of using the superficial temporoparietal fascial flap, we elevated a retroauricular fascial flap from the mastoid region, turning it over to wrap an autogenous costal-cartilage wedge, and covered it with a full-thickness skin graft. Between June 1996 and May 1999, eight patients underwent this operation. All the fascial flaps and overlying full-thickness skin grafts survived well. The advantages of our technique include firm elevation, good frontal projection and a natural appearance of the posterior aspect of the ear. Additionally, by using this fast and practical procedure, we avoid creating additional scars on the scalp and preserve the superficial temporoparietal fascia and superficial temporal vessels.     

Total knee arthroplasty covered with pedicle peroneal flap

Three cases of total knee arthroplasty (TKA) covered with pedicle peroneal flaps are reported. One peroneal flap was performed after TKA to correct post-TKA skin necrosis. Two peroneal flaps were performed before TKA to replace previous traumatic scar formed around the knee. All three TKAs were successful after the procedure. The thickness, elasticity, appearance, and durability of the peroneal flaps were more suitable for the skin around the knee than the gastrocnemius muscle flap or the local fasciocutaneous flap. As the peroneal flap was elevated as a pedicle flap, freedom of transfer was good, microanastomosis was not necessary, and no donor sites were needed from the contralateral limb. Scar tissue around the knee can be effectively replaced by the pedicle peroneal flap before TKA.     

MEDPOR支架耳廓再造术及支架外露的处理

目的 探讨应用MEDPOR(多孔高密度聚乙烯)支架再造耳廓治疗先天性小耳畸形的优缺点，以及支架外露后的处理办法。方法 手术分两期进行，第1期行残耳整形和耳后乳突区皮肤扩张器埋置术；第Ⅱ期取出皮肤扩张器，置入MEDPOR支架，再造耳廓。结果 从1999年至今，应用MED—POR支架治疗7例先天性小耳畸形。3例Ⅰ期愈合，外形良好，另4例发生支架外露，且1例外露部位伴有感染，经采用局部皮瓣或颞浅筋膜岛状瓣修复后，都保留了支架，并获得痊愈，外形亦佳。结论 MEDPOR耳廓支架具有良好的组织相容性，血管可以长入其中，即使外露亦不需取出。具有操作简便，手术时间短，创伤小的优点。虽然支架外露的发生率较高，但仍不失为是自体肋软骨支架再造耳廓的一种较好的替代材料。