超声造影在特殊部位小肝癌微波消融治疗及近期疗效评价中的价值

目的探讨超声造影在特殊部位小肝癌微波消融治疗及近期疗效评价中的应用价值。方法 38例特殊部位小肝癌(48个病灶)行微波消融治疗前l周内行彩超、超声造影和增强CT扫描观察病灶数量、大小、边界、内部回声、造影剂灌注情况等,术中行实时超声造影、融合影像导航等辅导技术下微波消融,术后即刻行超声造影,未消融完全病灶即刻补充消融,术后1个月行彩超、超声造影和增强CT扫描检查,以增强CT表现为标准,检查结果作对比。结果术后即刻实时超声造影检查未消融完全病灶即刻补充消融5例。治疗后1个月超声造影41个病灶在造影各时相均未强化,3个病灶边缘局部动脉期增强,4个病灶判断不清,增强CT 41个病灶在造影各时相均未强化,4个病灶边缘局部动脉期增强,3个病灶判断不清,超声造影与增强CT两者差异无统计学意义。超声造影诊断率明显高于彩超检查,两者差异有统计学意义。结论超声造影在特殊部位小肝癌微波消融治疗过程中发挥重要作用,是评价微波消融近期疗效的有效方法。     

CT和MRI对原发性肝癌患者介入及分子靶向治疗效果评价

目的 探讨CT和MRI对原发性肝癌患者介入治疗及分子靶向治疗效果的评价价值.方法 选取60例原发性肝癌患者,均行介入治疗及分子靶向治疗,并于治疗后3个月行DSA、CT及MRI检查.疗效评估结果及效能.结果 DSA共检出目标病灶66枚,CT联合MRI对Ⅱ型碘化油沉积残留的检出率高于MRI,且对目标病灶的检出率较MRI更高...     

MRI对经皮肝穿射频消融治疗肝癌的疗效评价

目的 评价MRI对经皮超声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术近期疗效的价值。方法 对80例经皮超声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术中的48例患者进行了MRI随访观察。结果 经皮超声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术后病灶随着时间的改变而其MRI表现各有不同。病灶早期(1个月内)T1WI中央区呈高信号或稍高信号,周围呈环行低信号,PDWI和T2WI病灶中央区呈低信号,周围则呈环行高信号。静脉注射Gd-DTPA后中央区无强化,而边缘则呈环行强化。半年后随访病灶则T1WI、PDWI、T2WI则均呈低信号,且无强化。结论 MRI对局部组织损伤后是否存在出血,含铁血黄素的改变,以及判定局部是否存在水肿有着重要的作用。外周环行异常信号区的大小是判断毁损灶大小的最合适标志。其大小与疗效明显相关。     

MRI对经皮肝穿射频消融治疗肝癌的疗效评价

目的 评价MRI对经皮超声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术近期疗效的价值。方法 对80例经皮起声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术中的48例患进行了MRI随访观察。结果 经皮超声引导射频消融治疗肝癌术后病灶随着时间的改变而其MRI表现各有不同。病灶早期(1个月内)T1WI中央区呈高信号或稍高信号，周围呈环行循信号，PDWI和T2WI病灶中央区呈低信号，周围则呈环行高信号。静脉注射Gd—DTPA后中央区无强化，而边缘则呈环行强化。半年后随访病灶则T1WI、PDWI、T2WI则均呈低信号，且无强化。结论 MRI对局部组织损伤后是否存在出血。含铁血黄素的改变，以及判定局部是否存在水肿有着重要的作用。外周环行异常信号区的大小是判断毁损灶大小的最合适标志。其大小与疗效明显相关。     

磁共振灌注成像对肝癌介入治疗疗效评价

目的:探讨PWI在评估肝癌介入治疗的局部疗效中的价值。方法:搜集36例肝癌患者,经肝动脉化疗栓塞及微波消融术后,行磁共振灌注成像,对比残留肿瘤与良性强化组织的量化结果,并评价灌注成像诊断准确性。结果:介入治疗术后残留肿瘤及良性强化区的最大增强斜率(MSI)差异有显著性意义;残留或复发肿瘤的时间-信号强度曲线为快速上升型;良性强化组织的时间-信号强度曲线为缓慢上升型;PWI对肝脏介入治疗后肿瘤残留、复发检测的敏感度为0.89,特异度为0.73。结论:PWI对肝脏肿瘤介入治疗术后的组织类型区别是一种非常敏感的功能成像技术,能够在肝癌介入治疗术后病变的早期发现肿瘤残留及复发。     

CTHA、CTAP在肝癌介入治疗后复查中的作用和意义

研究ＣＴＨＡ、ＣＴＡＰ在肝癌介入治疗复查中的应用价值和意义。材料与方法１４例原发性肝癌ＴＡＥ术后患者进行ＣＴＨＡ、ＣＴＡＰ检查。结果ＣＴＨＡ、ＣＴＡＰ发现已栓塞灶周边复发２１个,新病灶３７个。结论ＣＴＨＡ、ＣＴＡＰ是肝癌介入治疗复查中最敏感和特点和特异的方法,对于评价疗效及早期发现病灶都有重要作用。     

CT、MRI及超声对经皮射频消融治疗肝癌疗效的评价

目的通过对经皮射频消融（PRFA）治疗肝癌后的B超、CT和MRI的定期观察，探讨不同影像方法对PRFA治疗肝癌疗效评价的价值。方法对134例PRFA治疗肝癌患者在治疗前行超声、MRI或CT检查，以及肿瘤标记物AFP测定；分别在治疗后在1w、1个月、6个月重复进行上述检查。结果134例中，78例患者在治疗后进行CT复查，其毁损灶在早期（1个月内）呈混合密度，边缘低密度区多有强化；后期则为不强化的低密度影，6例毁损边缘在动脉期有强化。全组有68例术后复查MRI，病灶早期（1个月内）T，WI中央区呈高信号或稍高信号，而周围则呈环形低信号，PDWI和T2WI病灶中央区呈低信号，周围则呈环形高信号；静脉注射Gd—DTPA后中央区无强化，而边缘则呈环形强化。所有患者在术前及木后均行超声检查，术后见病灶缩小，彩色多普勒CHFI和CDPI显示肿瘤血流信息消失。结论增强CT和MRI能很好地反映肿瘤的坏死或残存状况，超声检查方便快捷，适合定期随访。     

超声造影对氩氦刀治疗肝癌近期临床疗效的评价

目的 了解超声造影对氩氦刀治疗肝癌近期临床疗效评价的应用价值.方法 选取23例共26个肝癌病灶为观察对象.采用第二代新型对比剂SonoVue以及CPS(Contrast Pluse Sequencing)造影软件.全部病灶氩氦刀治疗后1周至3个月采用超声造影,评价治疗效果,并与常规超声和增强CT或MRI检查结果进行比较.结果 氩氦刀治疗后超声造影显示20个治疗区各期均无异常增强,判断肿瘤完全灭活;5个病灶局部有早期增强,提示有肿瘤残存;1枚可疑残存肿瘤.超声造影显示11枚新生病灶,较常规超声增加8枚,其中肿瘤直径≤1 cm的微小病灶6枚.1例微小复发灶超声造影未能显示,以最终诊断为金标准.超声造影诊断准确率为96.1%,与增强CT或MRI检查结果相同.结论 超声造影可较准确地判断氩氦刀治疗后肿瘤灭活程度,是评价氩氦刀疗效的一种有效方法,并有助于发现微小新病灶.     

超声引导下经皮射频消融治疗中晚期肝癌的临床研究

目的评价B超引导下冷循环射频肿瘤治疗仪射频消融(RFA)治疗中晚期肝癌的临床疗效及并发症。方法采用超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌25例,其中转移性肝癌8例,原发性肝癌17例。每个病灶进行RFA1～2次。其中8例患者术前给予3次TACE治疗。术后通过增强CT扫描评价疗效。结果10个病灶完全坏死,余15个病灶大部分坏死。随访半年,25例患者现全部存活且生存质量明显提高。结论超声引导下经皮穿刺冷循环RFA治疗中晚期肝癌短期效果满意,值得推广。     

肝癌氩氦刀冷冻治疗后MRI表现

目的　评价MRI平扫和动态增强对肝癌氩氦刀治疗后疗效随访的价值。资料与方法　回顾性分析 4 5例肝癌患者术后MRI表现并与AFP结果进行对照。结果　氩氦刀治疗后病灶变成T1WI较高信号 ,T2 WI等低信号。坏死灶无明显强化 ;残存癌灶或新发癌灶在动态增强时早期强化。小肝癌组 (<5cm)肿瘤完全坏死率 5 6 .7% ,大肝癌组 (≥ 5cm)肿瘤完全坏死率 2 0 %。小肝癌组的疗效优于大肝癌组 (χ2 =4 .0 6 ,P <0 .0 5 )。结论　MRI平扫和动态增强评价氩氦刀的疗效可靠、准确 ,氩氦刀术后定期MRI随访具有重要意义     

Contrast-enhanced subtraction harmonic sonography for evaluating treatment response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to assess the usefulness of contrast-enhanced subtraction harmonic sonography in evaluating the treatment response of patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-two hepatocellular carcinoma lesions in 26 patients (age range, 44-85 years; mean age, 66 years) were examined with Levovist-enhanced intermittent harmonic imaging before and after therapy. A Toshiba Powervision 8000 was used. A subtraction image was obtained by digitally subtracting the last-frame harmonic image from the first-frame image when multishot mode was preset. Results of contrast-enhanced CT were compared with the results of subtraction harmonic imaging. RESULTS: Before therapy, an enhancement pattern of tumor vascularity was seen for 93.8% (30/32) of hepatocellular carcinoma nodules on subtraction harmonic imaging. After therapy, subtraction harmonic imaging showed 46.7% (14/30) enhancement (incomplete tumor necrosis) and 53.3% (16/30) no enhancement (complete tumor necrosis). When dynamic CT was the gold standard, the sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of subtraction harmonic imaging were 93.3%, 100%, and 96.7%, respectively. Intratumoral flow signals in hepatocellular carcinoma after therapy on harmonic imaging were used as a guide to target additional percutaneous therapy. CONCLUSION: Digital subtraction contrast-enhanced harmonic imaging can depict tumor vascularity in hepatocellular carcinoma after therapy sensitively and accurately. Because it is easy to perform and provides real-time needle insertion guidance, it may be preferable to perform after localized therapy to monitor treatment response, which will reduce unnecessary CT scanning.     

外生型肝癌的诊断及介入治疗

目的:研究外生型肝癌的诊断及介入治疗的方法。方法:11例外生型肝癌根据临床表现、AFP、CT、肝动脉造影及病理诊断确诊;11例均采用肝动脉灌注化疗及栓塞术,其中2例同时采用无水酒精注射治疗。结果:11例外生型肝癌介入治疗均成功无严重并发症发生。结论:外生型肝癌的诊断主要依靠临床表现、AFP、CT、肝动脉造影及病理进行综合诊断;外生型肝癌的介入治疗是一种有效的治疗方法。     

探讨介入治疗对晚期胰腺癌的疗效

目的评价介入治疗对晚期胰腺癌的疗效。方法收集2005年4月起在本科做介入治疗的33例晚期胰腺癌患者的资料。所有患者均为不能手术的晚期胰腺癌患者,均接受1次或多次介入治疗。重复治疗者间隔时间为6周,所有患者均接受腹腔动脉和肠系膜上动脉化疗灌注,给药比例为2∶1,术后未发现严重并发症。结果患者术后自觉疼痛、腹胀等不适症状明显减轻甚至消失,有效缓解率为91%(30/33)。所有患者术后CT复查显示癌肿均有不同程度缩小,缩小≥90%者占78.8%(26/33)。介入治疗后生存期平均为13个月,目前仍有26例存活,最长者已存活21个月。结论介入治疗可作为晚期胰腺癌不能手术者的首选疗法。     

16层螺旋CT动脉造影对肝癌动脉供血血管显示效果及临床价值

目的:评价16层螺旋CT在肝癌动脉供血血管显示的价值。方法:对65例肝癌患者进行16层螺旋CT增强扫描,将动脉期序列原始扫描数据传至工作站利用容积重建、最大密度投影及多曲面重建法重建腹腔动脉的解剖和走行,观察肝癌病灶动脉供血血管来源情况,其中65例患者行动脉化疗栓塞术前进行了DSA检查,将65例DSA结果与CT血管造影进行对比。结果:65例肝癌患者中,47例肝动脉解剖正常,肝癌病灶动脉血供来源于正常的肝动脉;18例肝动脉解剖变异,肝癌病灶动脉血供来源于变异肝动脉。CTA显示肝动脉血管解剖及变异及肝癌动脉供血来源与DSA完全相同。结论:16层螺旋CT动脉造影对肝动脉血管解剖及变异及肝癌动脉供血血管能较好的显示,对肝癌的外科手术及介入治疗具有重要的指导作用。     

双介入疗法治疗晚期肺癌初步探讨

目的　探讨支气管动脉灌注化疗 (BAI)联合经皮肺穿碘油标记无水乙醇混悬液瘤内注射 (PAI)治疗晚期肺癌的临床价值。方法　对经细胞学证实的 13例肺癌及 5例肝癌双肺多发转移患者共 32只病灶 ,在电视或CT引导下施行了 5 2次BAI联合 78次PAI治疗 ,其中 1例治疗后行手术肿块切除 ,对其标本进行了病理组织学研究。结果　标本病理表现为肿瘤大面积坏死 ;治疗总有效率为 83.8% ;其 6、12、18个月生存率分别为 10 0 %、77.7%、6 1%。结论　BAI联合PAI这一双介入疗法既能治疗原发灶 ,又可控制转移灶 ,且对较大肺癌也取得了较好的疗效叠加作用 ,是一种较好的综合性治疗方案。     

肝癌介入治疗后心脏并发症的预防及治疗

目的：探讨肝癌介入治疗后心脏并发症发生的原因及预防,处理措施,方法：原发性肝癌病人4例,年龄36－65岁,所有病人接受经导管肝动脉化疗栓塞（TAE）治疗,术后进行心电监护,心电图检查和心肌酶谱（HEA）检查。结果：4例病人均有心前区不适感,T波轻度改变,心型肌酸激酶（CK－MB）升高,提示有心肌受损现象,经治疗后,3例治愈出院,1例因多器官功能衰竭死亡,结论：肝癌介入治疗后心脏并发症是一种少见的并发症,如能早期发现,并及时处理,病人一般能康复。     

中晚期原发性肝癌合并症的介入治疗研究

目的探讨中晚期原发性肝癌合并症的综合介入治疗方法。方法将经病理、影像学诊断及AFP值证实的原发性肝癌符合筛选条件的患者共62例,按住院号数的单、双数随机分成两组:对照组(单纯TACE组)32例,综合治疗组(TACE 合并症处理组)30例。综合治疗组行TACE术时对肝动静脉瘘、门静脉癌栓及下腔静脉病变等并发症给予综合处理。结果TACE组治疗32例患者,1、2和3年生存率分别为68%、50%和19%,中位生存期1.5年;综合治疗组30例患者1、2和3年生存率分别为87%、75%和48%,中位生存期2.0年。综合治疗组的生存率及生存期均显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比综合治疗组疗效与死亡风险率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论原发性肝癌合并症的控制可增加TACE的疗效,显著提高原发性肝癌患者生存率,延长生存期。     

Transcatheter arterial chemoembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma: usefulness of coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of our study was to assess the value of coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography performed approximately 1 week after the patients had undergone transcatheter arterial chemoembolization with iodized oil for hepatocellular carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 40 patients with 44 nodules measuring 1.5-11.0 cm in diameter (mean +/- SD, 3.9 +/- 2.0 cm) who underwent transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography, a technique based on a combination of phase-inversion harmonics and coded technology, was performed with a contrast agent approximately 1 week after chemoembolization. The results were compared with those obtained using dynamic CT (n = 44 lesions) and dynamic MR imaging (n = 20 lesions). We also evaluated the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma during clinical follow-up in 17 patients who did not undergo additional local therapy. RESULTS: The detection rates of intratumoral vascularity of coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography, dynamic CT, and dynamic MR imaging were, respectively, 38 (86%) of 44 lesions, 19 (43%) of 44 lesions, and 10 (50%) of 20 lesions. Of 19 nodules of hepatocellular carcinoma treated only by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization, 17 nodules showed enhancement on coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography, suggesting incomplete responses. In all 17 nodules, apparent recurrence was noted on dynamic CT during clinical follow-up, even in nodules that had been observed to be completely filled with iodized oil 1 week after the chemoembolization. CONCLUSION: We found coded phase-inversion harmonic sonography to be highly sensitive and accurate for evaluating the treatment response in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma even shortly after treatment. Consequently, it allows early recognition of the need for additional local ablation therapy and estimation of the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma recurrence.     

Radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma: using contrast-enhanced harmonic power doppler sonography to assess treatment outcome

OBJECTIVE: We evaluated the accuracy of contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler sonography in assessing the outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Fifty patients with 65 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules (1-5 cm in diameter; mean diameter, 2.5 cm) were studied using unenhanced and contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler sonography before and after IV administration of a microbubble contrast agent. The examinations were repeated after treatment of the tumors with radiofrequency ablation. Findings of the Doppler studies were compared with those of dual-phase helical CT, which were used as points of reference for assessing treatment outcome. RESULTS: Before radiofrequency treatment, intratumoral blood flow was revealed by unenhanced power Doppler sonography in 48 (74%) of 65 hepatocellular carcinoma nodules. After injection of the contrast agent, intratumoral enhancement was observed in 61 (94%) of 65 hepatocellular carcinomas (p < 0.01). After radiofrequency treatment, all 51 (84%) of the 61 hepatocellular carcinomas found to be necrotic on helical CT scans failed to show enhancement on power Doppler sonograms. In nine of the 10 lesions that showed a residual viable tumor on helical CT scans, persistent intratumoral enhancement-matching the enhancing areas on helical CT images-was revealed by power Doppler sonography. These nine hepatocellular carcinomas were subjected to repeated radiofrequency thermal ablation with the guidance of contrast-enhanced power Doppler sonography. Complete necrosis was seen after the second treatment session in six of the nine lesions. CONCLUSION: Contrast-enhanced harmonic power Doppler sonography is an accurate technique for assessing the outcome of radiofrequency thermal ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma and may be useful in guiding additional treatment in patients with incomplete response to initial efforts.     

18F-FDG PET/CT在原发性肝癌介入治疗中的价值

目的评价18F-FDG PET/CT对介入治疗后残留病灶的作用;分析碘油沉积状态和肿瘤残留灶的关系;探讨18F-FDG PET/CT的应用范围及在介入治疗中的价值.方法22例结节型或巨块型原发性肝癌患者(平均最大径8.1 cm),在动脉栓塞化疗(TACE)或动脉栓塞化疗序贯联合射频消融(RFA)治疗后行18F-FDG PET/CT检查.检查结果阳性者,分析残留灶和沉积碘油的关系,并在PET-CT指导下对其作进一步的介入治疗.检查结果阴性者,用影像学和血清AFP随访6个月,以判断是否为真阴性.结果全组有21例患者经介入治疗后病灶内有碘油沉积.其中3例TACE后的病灶在有无碘油沉积的部位均可见残留灶.18例TACE序贯RFA治疗的病例中有11例存在残留灶,其中9例位于碘油沉积区和非碘油沉积区;2例残留灶仅存在于非碘油沉积区;另外7例PET/CT显示阴性,但其中1例经随访证实为假阴性.按照PET/CT所示的残留灶作进一步的介入治疗,又有5例存在残留灶的患者达到了局部根治.结论 18F-FDG PET/CT对大肝癌介入治疗后的残留病灶探测具有较高的灵敏度.介入治疗后的病灶,无论是碘油沉积区还是非碘油沉积区都可能有残留病灶存在.18F-FDG PET/CT可以用于介入治疗后的疗效评价,并能对进一步的介入治疗起到靶向指导作用.