组合式外固定架治疗肱骨干粉碎性骨折

目的探讨组合式外固定架治疗肱骨干粉碎性骨折的方法、适应证、治疗效果,以及与传统方法的比较。方法闭合性骨折首先在臂丛神经阻滞麻醉下手法整复骨折,分别在肱骨近端和肱骨髁上后外侧拧入螺纹钉,固定连接杆;开放性骨折先清创复位,置入螺纹钉,缝合伤口,放置引流,再固定连接杆。结果23例获得6～61个月随访;骨折愈合时间平均3.4个月;外固定架使用时间平均4个月;2例发生钉道反应,1例发生骨折延迟愈合;12例肘关节功能完全康复,9例肘关节功能受限<25°,2例肘关节功能受限在25°～40°。结论组合式外固定架治疗肱骨干粉碎性骨折具有创伤小、固定牢、骨折愈合快、关节锻炼早、并发症少等优点,很有应用价值。     

带关节外固定架在高能量Pilon骨折治疗中的应用

目的介绍应用带关节外固定架治疗高能量Pilon骨折的经验,并评估其疗效。方法2001年3～6月,12例患者13处Pilon骨折接受了Orthofix公司单侧带关节超踝关节外固定架结合有限内固定治疗。致伤原因以车祸和高处坠落伤为主。该支架远端螺钉固定于距骨颈和跟骨,近端螺钉固定于胫骨骨折近端,使踝关节能以距下关节为中心活动。术后2周松动关节开始踝关节功能锻炼。结果12例患者随访10～13个月,平均随访12个月。临床疗效满意,无切口、伤口及钉道感染,无神经、血管损伤等并发症。踝关节症状和功能评分(Teeny&Wiss评分法)为74～94分,平均87分。踝关节临床结果为2个优秀,7个良好,4个一般。踝关节骨折复位情况(Marsh踝关节骨折复位评分法)为7个优良,6个中等。踝关节背伸-5°～18°,平均10°(健侧18°);跖屈20°～35°,平均26°(健侧36°);距下关节内翻4°～20°,平均10°(健侧14°);外翻0°~10°,平均3°(健侧10°)。结论带关节外固定架结合有限内固定治疗Pilon骨折可避免伤口并发症和骨不连的发生,能更好地恢复关节面的解剖关系,有利于踝关节早期活动,避免关节僵硬,是治疗高能量Pilon骨折较好的方法。     

组合式外固定架治疗儿童长骨干骺端骨折

目的探讨应用组合式外固定架治疗儿童长骨干骺端骨折的临床效果。方法回顾性分析2011年1月-2017年12月应用组合式外固定架治疗的84例儿童长骨干骺端骨折资料,均采用闭合复位(开放性骨折除外)组合式外固定架固定,于长骨干骺端接近骨骺的骨折端垂直骨干长轴置入1枚直径2.5～3.5 mm的全针固定,连接半环弓,而后置入适当数目的半钉与连接杆连接固定。结果术后所有患儿均获得随访,随访时间12～36个月,平均20个月,骨折愈合时间6～8周,术后均无严重并发症发生,无骨骺生长障碍及肢体畸形。结论组合式外固定架治疗儿童长骨干骺端骨折,创伤小、骨折愈合快、并发症少,无需二次手术,可早期功能训练,疗效满意。     

桡骨远端经关节面粉碎性骨折的诊治

目的：为探索桡骨远端经关节面粉碎性骨折的诊治进展。方法：在1999年1月1日～2002年6月20日期间共收治58例61肢，予手法复位后小夹板、石膏夹板、外固定架固定，切开复位“T”形、斜“T”形钢板、克氏针加石膏或外固定架固定等方法治疗。结果：对42例44肢进行5～24个月随访，全部病例均骨愈合，平均愈合时间6．2周，掌倾角、尺偏角基本恢复，腕关节功能恢复理想。结论：桡骨远端经关节面粉碎性骨折，只要将传统的手法复位，夹板、石膏固定与较先进的外固定架固定，切开复位后“T”形、斜“T”形钢板内固定等方法相结合，并早期加强功能锻炼，腕关节仍然获得较满意的功能恢复。     

单臂外固定支架配合跟骨牵引治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折

目的报告单臂外固定架配合跟骨牵引治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法186例胫腓骨粉碎性骨折,其中开放骨折42例,闭合骨折142例,均采用单臂外固定架,配合跟骨牵引治疗。结果随访185例,183例骨愈合,平均愈合时间6个月,按Johner-Wrichs,优113例,良69例,差2例。针为17.5%。结论单臂外固定支架配合跟骨牵引治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折,方法,疗效肯定。     

交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨下段骨不连

目的:探讨交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨下段骨不连的有效性。方法:2000年4月-2004年2月,应用交锁髓内钉治疗胫骨下段骨不连45例,男28例,女17例;年龄20~58岁,平均38岁。其中肥大型18例,萎缩型14例,营养不良型13例。骨折冠状面成角0°~22°,平均8°;矢状位成角为0°~16°,平均5°。从受伤到交锁髓内钉固定时间为5~12个月,平均7个月。原始创伤为开放性骨折12例,闭合性骨折33例。无大于1.5 cm的节段性骨质缺损。4例胫骨下段肥大型骨不连闭合置入髓内钉,折端未植骨;4例胫骨下端骨不连(肥大型1例,营养不良型3例)应用改良髓内钉治疗。所有病例均采用静力型固定。结果:经7~14个月(平均10个月)随访,44例经3~5个月获得愈合,平均愈合时间3.8个月。1例术后8个月骨折未愈合,经切开植骨、辅助石膏外固定3个月后愈合。术后无活动性感染及慢性骨髓炎发生。结论:交锁髓内钉固定治疗胫骨下段骨不连具有良好的矫正畸形能力和最少量软组织剥离的优点。     

有限内固定结合外固定架治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折

[目的]应用有限内固定结合外固定架治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折,对本法进行疗效评估.[方法]以2005年10月～2008年4月来本院治疗闭合性胫腓骨远端粉碎性骨折的患者总共30例为研究对象,所有患者均行择期手术,腓骨骨折采用切开复位钢板螺丝钉内固定治疗,胫骨骨折采用切开复位有限内固定结合外固定架治疗.[结果]本组患者随访时间为12～25个月,平均15.5个月,所有患者切口均Ⅰ期愈合,未出现切口感染、皮肤坏死及内植物外露情况,其中24例患者6个月内骨折愈合,平均愈合时间为4.2个月,4例患者骨折延迟愈合,平均愈合时间为9个月,2例患者出现骨不连,通过取髂骨植骨术6个月后骨折愈合.根据Mazur的踝关节症状和功能评价标准,对踝关节功能康复情况进行评价,优21例,良6例,可2例,差1例.[结论]有限内固定结合外固定架是治疗胫骨远端粉碎性骨折的有效且可靠的方法.     

Hoffmann Ⅱ外固定架治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折的疗效观察

目的探讨HoffmannⅡ外固定架治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折的疗效。方法自2009-09—2012-04采用HoffmannⅡ外固定架治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折43例。结果所有患者均获得随访,平均随访时间8.2个月,骨折全部愈合,平均愈合时间7.1个月,拆除全部外固定时间平均7.8个月。并发症包括骨质疏松2例,钉道感染3例。结论 HoffmannⅡ外固定架治疗胫腓骨粉碎性骨折操作方便,固定牢靠,安装方便,容易拆除,无需二次手术取出。     

带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合17例

目的探讨带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗腕舟骨骨折不愈合的方法及疗效。方法采用带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣植入及可吸收钉内固定治疗17例腕舟骨骨折不愈合患者,术后石膏固定拇指掌指关节固定于对掌位4～6周,早期康复训练。结果17例患者均达到骨性愈合,背伸45°～50°,掌屈55°～60°,手部握力平均提高2级。随访6～18个月,优14例,良2例,可1例,优良率94.1%。结论带血管蒂桡骨茎突骨瓣移植及可吸收钉治疗陈旧性舟骨骨折操作简便,创伤小,疗效好,易推广,为治疗腕舟骨陈旧性骨折的较好方法。     

陈旧性Barton掌缘骨折T形钢板治疗3例

作者对3例陈旧性Earton掌缘骨折畸形愈合病人行截骨、T形钢板内固定术、疗效满意。其中男2例,女1例;年龄42～53岁;均为右侧;伤因均为跌伤;伤后至就诊时间50d～4个月。症状以右手无力,不能握拳为主,查体:腕部呈阶梯状畸形,背伸20°,掌屈30°～40°。X线片:掌缘Barton骨折畸形愈合。手术方法:臂丛麻醉,上止血带,前臂远端掌桡侧纵切口,自桡侧腕屈肌与掌长肌间分离暴露掌侧桡骨全部及关节面,找到骨折重叠,畸形愈合处,以X线片显示的骨折线与桡骨轴线之角度,用骨刀沿此角度由近侧畸形愈合处向远侧截骨至关节面处,复位骨折块,用仿制的T形钢板固定。术后不用外固定,疼痛消失后即功能练习,6～7个月后复查示骨折愈合,腕关节外形正常,屈伸活动度70°～0°～60°。     

混合式单臂外固定架骨延长术治疗感染性骨不连

目的评价混合式单臂外固定架骨延长术治疗长骨干骺端感染性骨不连的初步临床结果。方法2003年1月至2006年2月采用混合式单臂外固定架固定、局部清创和截骨延长法治疗感染性骨不连21例,男17例,女4例;年龄18～48岁,平均31.5岁。16例为开放骨折内固定术后感染,5例为闭合骨折内固定术后感染。胫骨近端12例,胫骨远端6例,股骨远端3例。12例行骨折端植骨,其中2例二次植骨。结果21例术后随访10～36个月,平均18个月。18例骨折获得初期愈合,3例骨折愈合时仍有局部窦道和渗液,2例骨折尚未完全愈合,1例行截肢术,20例感染得到控制。改良ASAMI骨评定结果为优良13例,中4例,差4例;功能评定结果为优良11例,中6例,差4例。平均骨延长5.6cm,平均愈合时间为11个月。15例发生钉道感染。结论对长骨干骺端感染性骨不连可使用混合式单臂外固定架骨延长术、骨折端开放换药的方法。该方法控制感染好,可自体修复骨缺损,供区畸形发生率低。但固定需采用HA涂层螺钉,严格控制延长速度,一般在1mm/d以内,分次进行延长,手术风险小。     

HoffmannⅡ Compact外固定架结合有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折

目的探讨HoffmannⅡCompact外固定架结合经皮克氏针有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折的临床疗效。方法采用HoffmannⅡCompact外固定架加经皮克氏针有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折32例。结果32例均获随访,时间5-18（8±1.3）个月,骨折均骨性愈合,愈合时间35个月。术前尺偏角为-13°-14°（11.0°±2.1°）,掌倾角为-28°-0°（-9.5°±1.1°）;去除支架后测量：尺偏角为18°-34°（22.5°±2.5°）,掌倾角为0°-21°（12.5°±2.1°）,桡骨轴向缩短基本恢复正常,其中1例C3型缩短2 mm。关节功能按Dienst标准进行评定：优11例,良19例,可2例。结论Hoffmann Ⅱ Compact外固定架结合有限内固定治疗桡骨远端粉碎性骨折操作简单、固定可靠、疗效满意、并发症少。     

Treatment of distal radius fracture with the use of calcium phosphate bone cement as a filler

A new procedure for unstable fractures of the distal radius is presented. It uses a nonbridging external fixator in conjunction with calcium phosphate bone cement through a limited exposure. The best indication for the new procedure is intra-articular fracture with some large displaced fragments in young adults. In the C2 or C3 type fractures according to AO classification, it is very difficult to obtain satisfactory fixation with a plate and screws due to comminution of the articular surface and metaphysical bone defects in many instances. After reduction of the articular surface, this new technique allows fixation of the comminuted fragments using half pins of a nonbridging external fixator. Furthermore, injection of calcium phosphate bone to the bone defect helps to make both the articular surface and the cortical bone stable. The nonbridging external fixator allows early exercises. However, it cannot be applied to all types of the fracture because of its structural limitations. The combination of nonbridging external fixation and calcium phosphate bone applications assures early exercise of the wrist.     

带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴软组织缺损

目的总结带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴软组织缺损的临床效果。方法2004年5月-2007年6月，收治小腿开放性骨折伴皮肤软组织缺损患者12例。男9例，女3例；年龄18～75岁。车祸伤8例，压砸伤2例，坠落伤、机器伤各1例。根据Gustilo分型：Ⅱ型2例,ⅢA型5例，ⅢB型5例。骨折位于胫骨上段2例，中段3例，中下段7例。软组织缺损范围5cm&#215;3cm～22cm&#215;10cm，骨外露范围3cm&#215;2cm～6cm&#215;3cm。病程1～12h。入院后以外固定支架或联合克氏针有限内固定重建骨稳定性，采用同侧小腿局部旋转皮（肌）瓣、腓肠神经营养皮（肌）瓣、隐神经营养皮瓣修复创面。皮（肌）瓣切取范围5cm&#215;4cm～18cm&#215;12cm。供区创面采用游离植皮或直接缝合。结果术后2例皮瓣创缘部分感染，1例皮瓣远端部分坏死，经换药处理后创缘Ⅱ期愈合；余患者皮瓣均成活，切口Ⅰ期愈合。供区植皮成活，切口均Ⅰ期愈合。术后患者均获随访，随访时间6个月～2年。皮瓣外形满意，质地优良，无明显臃肿。8例出现外固定支架针道感染，外固定取出后痊愈。1例胫骨中下段粉碎性骨折不愈合，2例胫骨中下段骨折延迟愈合，余患者骨折于术后3～4个月愈合。3例超踝关节外固定患者踝关节活动稍差，踝关节背伸0～10^o，跖屈10～30^o，余患者踝关节背伸10～20^o，跖屈30～50^o。结论带蒂皮瓣移位联合外固定支架治疗小腿开放性骨折伴皮肤软组织缺损是一种安全有效的方法。     

外固定架在前臂严重粉碎及多段骨折中的应用

目的：探讨应用单侧多功能外固定支架治疗前臂骨干严重粉碎性及多段骨折的临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析本院1993至2002年间收治的前臂骨干严重粉碎性及多段骨折患共22例。其中开放性骨折5例，均急诊清创复位外固定架固定；闭合性骨折17例，以切开复位单侧多功能外固定架固定结合简单内固定为主要治疗方法。运用Anderson标准进行前臂功能评价。结果：22例患中发生1例骨延迟愈合，1例骨不愈合，均经二次手术植骨后得到愈合。按Anderson标准评价，优7例，良10例，不满意3例，失败2例，优良率78％。结论：单侧多功能外固定支架在前臂尺桡骨骨干严重粉碎性及多段骨折的治疗中有独特的优势，闭合复位外固定架固定或切开复位外固定架固定结合运用简单的内固定可发挥内外固定各自长处，在取得良好固定作用的同时，减少骨折端血运的破坏，达到生物学固定的要求．     

Surgical treatment of the aseptic femoral shaft nonunion

Femoral shaft nonunions is difficult complication and a big challenge for the orthopaedic surgeons. These complications occur after open femoral fractures, comminuted fractures, segmental fractures, the infection, after the inadequate fixed osteosynthesis, the systemic disease, and smokers. The paper presents the results of treatment aseptic femoral shaft nonunion in 18 patients. They were primarily operated by the method of internal compresive plate fixation and external fixation (open fractures). For fixation we used dinamic internal fixator by Mitkovic. All nonunions treated by this method are healed. In patients with atrophic femoral shaft nonunions in addition to fixation was performed and bone grafting. This implant has proved successful in the treatment of femoral shaft nonunion. During the fixation no periostal and intramedullary vascularization damage, which is an important prerequisite for bone healing. Implant enables biological and mechanical conditions for nonunion healing.     

The small pin circular fixator for distal tibial pilon fractures with soft tissue compromise

A Monticelli-Spinelli small pin circular external fixator was used in combination with closed reduction or a limited open reduction internal fixation in five cases in an attempt to salvage a satisfactory result in distal tibia pilon fractures when associated soft tissue compromise prevented standard fixation with plates and screws. The small pin fixator enhances the ability to perform a closed reduction through a technique that uses distraction with pins in the tibia and calcaneus, combined with correction of angulation by tensioning wires with a stop nut. Small pin stabilization of these comminuted fractures allows early patient mobilization. The small diameter pins support the soft cancellous bone fragments. This technique attempts to combine the benefits of traction, external fixation, and limited internal fixation. We recommend this technique as a salvage procedure when plates and screws are contraindicated because of poor bone and soft tissue conditions.     

外固定架一期固定后二期锁定钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折

目的评价应用外固定架固定后二期锁定钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨开放性骨折的疗效。方法对118例胫腓骨开放骨折患者行外固定架固定后二期锁定钢板内固定治疗。结果 118例均获随访,时间12～24个月。除1例因钢板移位影响骨折愈合外,其余患者骨折均愈合,时间3.1～5.2个月,骨折愈合率为99.2%;并发症发生率4.2%。按照Enneking评分系统评估疗效:优96例,良11例,可7例,优良率为90.7%。膝关节活动度:伸0°,屈135°,踝关节活动度:背伸30°,跖屈40°。结论外固定架固定后二期锁定钢板内固定治疗胫腓骨开放骨折操作简便,固定牢靠,骨折愈合快,并发症少,临床疗效满意。     

Medial external fixation with lateral plate internal fixation in metaphyseal tibia fractures. A report of eight cases associated with severe soft-tissue injury

Eight patients with unstable fractures involving the articular surface and metaphyseal-diaphyseal bone of the proximal or distal tibia associated with severe soft-tissue injury or compounding wound were treated with irrigation, debridement, tetanus inoculation, antibiotic prophylaxis, and combined internal fixation with one-half frame external skeletal fixation for neutralization. All patients were followed to complete healing and functional restoration of the extremity. All fractures healed, but one superficial and one deep infection occurred. All patients achieved at least 110 degrees of knee motion. This method should be considered in unstable metaphyseal and articular tibia fractures not adequately stabilized with a lateral plate in which use of an additional medial plate is required for stability, but contraindicated because of the status of the soft tissues or extensive comminution of the bone.     

Use of the Dynastab-K (knee) external fixator technique for functional treatment of intra- and peri-articular fractures of the knee joint]

The aim of this study was to validate the results of treatment of articular fractures using a Dynastab-K (knee) external fixator, which gives a good stabilisation, while retaining motion in the knee joint. A group of 6 patients with articular fractures of the knee joint was evaluated. Two fractures were located within the distal femur and 4 within the tibial plateau. After anatomical reposition of the bone fragments primary stabilisation was achieved by means of the Dynastab-K fixator and maintained for a period of 8-10 weeks. Passive motion of the knee was implemented in the first post-op day and active motion was implemented in the third post-op day. In all cases proper healing of the fractures, full extension and a minimally limited flexion (100 degrees) were achieved. Flexion limitation was corrected by means of an intensive rehabilitation programme. Use of the presented technique allows proper stabilisation of the bone fragments with maintenance of joint motion throughout treatment. Basing on our observations we concluded that implementation of an articulated external fixator in articular fractures of the knee leads to proper fracture healing with minimal loss of motion, which can be resolved by rehabilitation procedures.