WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：脏腑部分

“脏腑”是中医基本理论中的一个重要方面，其基本概念和用语为中医名词术语的核心内容，反映了中医翻译的基本问题。对这方面术语的翻译和标准化问题的讨论，有利于我们进一步明确中医翻译的基本理论与方法。《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中共收录有关脏腑的术语83条，     

浅论中医名词术语英译与文化传真

中医名词术语英译的历史可以追溯到17世纪中叶,近年来,国内外学者针对中医名词术语英译的翻译方法、翻译原则和翻译策略进行了大量研究,以中医名词术语英译及其标准化为研究对象的研究得到中医药专业人才和中医翻译领域专家学者的重视[1].但国内相关研究主要从跨文化交际、文化推广及中西方文化差异的角度,探讨中医翻译过程中的文化要素问题,并没有解决中医名词术语所蕴含的文化价值在英译文中的体现和传达问题[2].在中医名词术语的英译过程中,译者在做到把原语包含的语义信息忠实地传达到目的语的同时,也要考虑到忠实传达其中蕴含的文化因素,即在中医名词术语英译的过程中要做到文化传真.为此,本文初步分析了中医名词术语英译与文化传真的关系.     

中医常用语句英译探析（二）

2007年末,澳门“国际中医药学会”秘书长杨显荣教授和其主编的Chinese Medicine杂志编辑袁泉先生来上海开会，其间专门抽出半天时间与我讨论中医名词术语英语翻译国际标准化问题。其对中医术语英译标准化的关切,令我十分感动。     

谈中医名词术语英译的基本方法

在中医英语翻译中,中医名词订语的翻译是核心。要想准确完整地翻译中医,中草药,首先要能准确地翻译中医名词术语。中医名词术语英语翻译的基本方法是直译,意译,音译及其交叉使用。直译主要用于翻译有关人体组织器官及部位,具体病症和治疗方法的名词术语。意译主要用于翻译阐述中医辨证思想和推理过程的名词术语。音译用来翻译具有独特概念的名词术语。音意兼译,音直兼译,意直兼译适用于中医,中草药名词术语翻译的各方面。     

浅谈中医名词术语英译

随着中医日益走向世界,规范与统一中医英译势在必行,而中医名词术语的英译又是一个较为复杂的问题。该文斌从中医理论体系的独特性以及与西医相比照的关系等方面,探讨中医名词术语的音译法;比照西医法;一词义多译法以及词素法的英译问题。     

名不正则言不顺,言不顺则事不成--谈谈中医名词术语英译的原则问题

2004年9月初,我应邀前往北京参加了由全国科技名词术语审定委员会和中医名词术语审定委员会主持召开的中医名词术语审定会议.会上听取了国家中医药管理局及其他有关方面负责人关于中医名词术语审定工作的意义与要求的讲话,很受鼓舞.的确,中医名词术语的审定现在确已到了刻不容缓的时候了.     

3种英译基本方法在中医名词术语翻译中的应用

中医学有着悠久的历史。如今,中医越来越为世界医学界所重视。如何能够准确地翻译出中医且能够符合中医内涵这一问题更为重要。浅谈中医英译的3种基本方法在名词术语翻译中的应用。     

象是之间——中医病因病机名词术语的指称问题

中医学名词术语的指称问题是中医学理论研究的关键问题之一,中医学名词术语的指称问题其实也是"词与物"的关系问题.中医名词术语的研究之所以重要,乃在于中医名词术语指称有着一个显著的特征——游走于"象是之间".其指称的事物一会是"是",一会是"象",总在"是"与"象"中飘摇.指称的漂浮不定,令人难以把握确切研究之物.本文以中...     

近20年中医名词术语英译研究回顾

随着海外"中医热"的掀起,中医英译研究逐渐发展起来.中医英译的研究中,对中医名词术语英译研究较全面.回顾近20年来,中医名词术语英译研究的主要内容:中医术语英译法、中医术语分类标准化、音译的问题、创造新词、具体名词术语等,使读者了解这一领域的研究内容及进度,以期更多的同道加入这一领域的研究,从而取得更大的进步.     

现代化中医药名词术语双语数据库构建与应用

中医药名词术语正随着学科发展不断扩充,现代化中医药名词术语是指在中医药现代化过程中产生的名词术语,既沿袭了传统中医药理念,又具有新时代特征。建立专门的现代化中医药名词术语双语数据库有助于推动中医药名词术语英译标准化。文中通过收集相关著作、论文和医药产品英文介绍提取名词术语,建立“现代化中医药名词术语双语数据库”进行应用研究,对探索现代化中医药名词术语英译策略的规范化以及当代中医学术发展和对外交流具有重要意义。     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：精、神、气、血、津、液部分

精、神、气、血、津、液是中医理论中6个非常重要的概念，有关术语在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中一共收录了59条，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中收录了58条。血、津、液的内涵较为具体，有一定的物质基础，理解并不困难。翻译上虽有差异，但亦不难统一。精、神、     

Comparative study on WHO Western Pacific Region and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies international standard terminologies on traditional medicine： Diseases of Gynecology and Obstetrics （Part 3）

The following is a brief analysis of 22 terms related te gynecology and obstetrics in traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） included in the WHO International Standard Termi- nologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard） and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by the World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCMS Standard）, according to explanations made in the book entitled A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methodsc.     

Comparative study on WHO Western Pacific Region and World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies international standard terminologies on traditional medicine： Diseases of Gynecology and Obstetrics （Part 2）

The following is the second discussion about how to understand and translate the names of diseases in tradi- tional Chinese medicine （TCM） gynecology and obstetrics included in WHO International Standard Terminologies on Traditional Medicine in the Western Pacific Region （abbreviated as the WPRO Standard） and the International Standard Chinese-English Basic Nomenclature of Chinese Medicine compiled by World Federation of Chinese Medicine Societies （abbreviated as the WFCM Standard） , according to explanations made in the book entitled A Concise Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine and the studies made in the book entitled International Standardization of English Translation of Traditional Chinese Medicine： Study of Theory, Summarization of Practice and Exploration of Methods.     

Simultaneous determination of five anthraquinones in a Chinese traditional preparation by RP-HPLC using an improved extraction procedure

OBJECTIVE： The stable quality of Chinese herbal medicines is a critical factor for their reliable clinical efficiency. An improved liquid-liquid extraction procedure and a liquid chromatographic method were developed to simultaneously analyze five anthraquinones （aloe-emodin, rhein, emodin, chrysophanol and physcion） in a Chinese traditional hospital preparation, Fuyankang mixture, in order to quantitatively control its quality in a more effective way. METHODS： A more economical and repeatable extraction procedure based on conventional liquid-liquid extraction technique was developed and used to extract five marker components in Fuyankang mixture. These anthraquinones were separated in less than 20 min on a C18 column with methanol and 0.1% phosphoric acid （88：12, v/v） as mobile phase. The method was validated for specificity, precision, spiked recovery and stability. RESULTS： Compared to conventional liquid-liquid extraction, the improved liquid-liquid extraction was found to be more effective for simultaneous extraction of anthraquinones from an aqueous Chinese herbal preparation, especially for hydrophobic compounds. The improved extraction method was successfully applied to determine the content of five marker components in Fuyankang mixture by the means of reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography. CONCLUSION： The improved extraction procedure may be suitable for routine quality control of Fuyankanq mixture and other traditional preparations at city-level hospitals in China.     

Three advantages of using traditional Chinese medicine to prevent and treat tumor

Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）, an important component of complementary and alternative medicine, has evolved over thousands of years with its own unique system of theories, diagnostics and therapies. TCM has been increasingly used in the last decades and become well known for its significant role in preventing and treating cancer. We believe that TCM possesses advantages over Western medicine in specific aspects at a certain stage of cancer treatment. Here we summarize the advantages of TCM from three aspects： preventing tumorigenesis; attenuating toxicity and enhancing the treatment effect; and reducing tumor recurrence and metastasis.     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：五行学说部分

《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中，一共收录了51条有关五行学说的术语，“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称世中联）的标准《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中则收录了103条。这些术语的翻译与通行译法基本一致，如将木、火、土、金、水译为wood、fire、earth、metal、water。但一些关键词语的翻译却多参照海外译法而行。如将“五行”译为five phases（同时也罗列出了five elements这一通行译法），     

WHO西太区与“世界中医药学会联合会”中医名词术语国际标准比较研究：经络部分

在中医名词术语的英语翻译中，与经络学说相关的术语，其翻译一般都比较统一。在中医药的对外交流中，针灸是率先走出国门并为西方世界所接受的中医疗法。其传入西方的历史远远早于中医药学的其他领域。正因为如此，其用语的英语翻译在国际上相对比较一致。在《WHO西太区传统医学国际标准名词术语》中共收录了有关经络学说的术语43条。“世界中医药学会联合会”（以下简称“世中联”）《中医基本名词术语中英对照国际标准》中则收录了87条。下面试根据WHO的标准并结合“世中联”的方案，对这些术语的翻译问题加以简要的比较分析。     

A comparison of GlideScope videolaryngoscope with Macintosh laryngoscope for laryngeal views

Objective：To describe the use of the GlideScope in comparison with direct laryngoscopy for elective surgical patients requiring tracheal intubation. Methods：Two hundred patients, ASA Ⅰ - Ⅱ scheduled for elective surgery under general anesthesia requiring orotracheal intubation were selected. Information was collected identifying the patient demographics and airway assessment features （Mallampati oropharyngeal scale, thyromenta distance and mouth opening）. In a random crossover design, after induction of anesthesia and neuromuscular block, the laryngoscopes were inserted in turn, and the views of the glottis at laryngoscopy （Cormack and Lehane scores） were compared. The tracchea was intubated using either the standard Macintosh laryngoscope or GlideScope after the second grading at laryngoscopy was done. Complications associated with intubating were recorded. Results： There were 200 patients including 107 males and 93 females, with mean age being 52±13 years, height 164.8±11.3 cm, weight 64.0±11. 5 kg, thyromental distance 6. 9± 1.1 cm, and mouth opening 5.7±0.5 cm. There was a significant association between the preoperative view of the oropharynx （Mallampati score） and the view of the glottis at laryngoscopy for both the direct Macintosh laryngoscope （P〈0. 001） and the GlideScope （P〈0. 001）. Among 200 patients, 106 patients had the same C＆L grade, 91 of remaining patients showed improvement in the C＆L grade （P〈0. 001 ） obtained with GlideScope compared with the direct Macintosh laryngoscope. 3 of remaining patients showed better view of the glottis（C＆L grade） with the direct Macintosh laryngoscope （grade 1） than with GlideScope （grade 2）. There were no cases of failure to be intubated. There were no cases of dental or mucosal injury in all patients. Conclusion： GlideScope videolaryngoscope yielded comparable or superior laryngeal view compared with Macintosh laryngoscope. The new type of laryngoscope may have potential advantages for managing the d