限制性动态椎弓根钉系统治疗腰椎退行性疾病

[目的]评价限制性动态椎弓根钉系统非融合固定治疗伴有腰椎不稳定疾病的临床效果。[方法]回顾性分析2013年3月~2016年3月行手术治疗的腰椎间盘突出症合并腰椎退行性变52例,其中使用限制性动态椎弓根钉非融合固定23例(非融合组),椎弓根钉和椎间植骨融合固定29例(融合组)。比较两组患者的临床资料、JOA评分和影像测量的固定与上位邻近节段椎体前后位移、椎间隙高度和腰段活动度。[结果]非融合组手术时间、手术出血量和术后下地时间均显著少于融合组(P0.05),两组患者各有1例出现切口浅表感染,经清创后愈合。随访12~36个月,平均(15.12±2.87)个月。两组患者术后JOA评分均较术前明显增加,且非融合组效果显著优于融合组(P0.05)。两组患者固定节段椎体椎间隙高度变化与术前相比差异无统计学意义(P0.05);非融合组邻近上位节段椎体间隙高度与术前比较减少不明显,但融合组显著减少(P0.05)。非融合组患者腰椎活动度显著大于融合组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。两组均未发现内置物松动或断钉。[结论]限制性动态椎弓根钉非融合固定较常规椎间植骨椎弓根钉固定融合术手术时间更短、创伤更小、术后恢复更快,可减轻邻近节段退变,并保留腰椎活动度。     

直接修复法治疗青少年腰椎椎弓崩裂的临床研究进展

目的回顾和总结直接修复法治疗青少年腰椎椎弓崩裂的手术方式及临床疗效。方法查阅国内外关于直接修复法治疗青少年腰椎椎弓崩裂手术方式及临床疗效的相关文献,进行综述分析。结果直接修复法治疗腰椎椎弓崩裂仅在伤椎上进行简单且符合正常生理解剖的复位固定,维持其原有的解剖结构。按照文献报道的直接修复内固定方法(单一拉力螺钉固定、带钩螺钉固定、钢丝环扎内固定、椎弓根螺钉钢丝固定、椎弓根钉棒系统固定、椎弓根钉钩系统固定),青少年椎弓崩裂患者均取得了较好疗效。手术适应证的严格控制、内固定的正确选择是直接修复法获得良好疗效的保证。在各种方法中,椎弓根钉钩系统固定是一种已被广泛认同的内固定方式。结论椎弓根钉钩系统直接修复治疗青少年腰椎椎弓崩裂简便易行,疗效确实,且随着该技术的完善及微创技术的发展,其应用可能会更加广泛。     

关节突植骨联合短节段固定治疗胸腰段骨折的临床研究

[目的]通过对比研究观察后路单纯关节突融合在短节段椎弓根钉内固定治疗胸腰段骨折的手术疗效。[方法]2010年1月~2013年1月,选择胸腰段外伤性爆裂性骨折病例共68例,男47例,女21例。随机分为两组,常规后路切开复位短节段椎弓根钉内固定后外侧植骨融合组(N=36例);后路切开复位短节段椎弓根钉内固定单纯关节突融合组(N=32例);伤椎临近上下节段椎弓根螺钉置入复位内固定。[结果]本组病例随访时间7~18个月〔平均(11.8±5.8)个月〕,主要观察指标为手术前后及随访时伤椎术后矫正率、随访的远期丢失率、融合率,病例手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及术后疼痛程度(VAS评分),通过对比研究分析可见单纯关节突融合组在术后伤椎矫正率、随访的远期丢失率和融合率方面与传统后外侧融合组无明显统计学差异,但在手术时间、术中出血量、术后引流量及术后疼痛方面优于传统后外侧融合组。[结论]后路单纯小关节突融合在短节段椎弓根钉内固定术中对于胸腰段爆裂性骨折有很好的治疗效果,可以在减少手术创伤的同时达到较好的脊柱稳定及脊柱融合的效果。     

经椎弓根单椎体复位固定系统治疗腰椎峡部裂

[目的]评价经椎弓根单椎体复位系统内固定治疗腰椎峡部裂的临床疗效。[方法]应用中华长城钉钩系统节段内固定及植骨治疗腰椎峡部裂17例,12例为单纯腰椎峡部裂患者;5例伴有腰椎Ⅰ°滑脱,3例为合并椎间盘突出的患者。SF系统节段内固定治疗腰椎峡部裂9例,2例伴有腰椎Ⅰ°滑脱。[结果]26例经12个月～5a(平均28个月)随访,按Henderson标准评价,优良率:中华长城钉钩系统节段内固定组为100%,SF系统节段内固定组88.9%,总优良率96.2%。[结论]单椎体复位固定系统节段内固定治疗腰椎峡部裂固定可靠,骨融合率高,是一种有效的方法。     

正中旁入路钉钩系统固定直接修补青少年腰椎弓峡部裂

目的：观察应用椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统内固定治疗青少年腰椎峡部裂的临床疗效。方法：自2003年8月至2008年12月应用钉钩系统加压固定结合自体髂骨植骨融合治疗28例腰椎峡部裂患者（男13例,女15例;年龄15～26岁,平均21.6岁）,包括L3、L4崩裂3例,L4、L5崩裂5例,L4崩裂8例,L5崩裂12例。患者术前均腰痛且持续6个月以上。根据手术前后的X线、CT检查和Macnab评分标准,评定该术式的融合率及临床效果。结果：28例均获随访,时间9～24个月,平均14.9个月,经X线及CT检查,28例椎弓根峡部均获得骨性融合。根据Macnab评分标准：优22例,良5例,可1例。结论：采用钉钩系统固定直接修补青少年腰椎弓根峡部裂缩短了手术时间,减少了出血,尽可能多地保留了脊柱后部结构,避免了医源性的脊柱失稳,术后椎节即刻获得稳定并保留了病椎相邻椎间盘的活动度,取得了满意的临床疗效。     

后路经伤椎短节段椎弓根钉固定联合植骨融合治疗胸腰段脊椎骨折

目的探讨经一侧伤椎短节段椎弓根钉固定联合植骨融合治疗胸腰椎骨折的可行性及疗效。方法回顾性分析自2008-06—2013-03行短节段椎弓根钉固定联合植骨融合治疗64例胸腰椎爆裂骨折的临床资料,均采用后路切开复位经伤椎短节段固定,并结合植骨融合术。结果术后随访3~36个月,平均18.4个月。患者术后伤椎椎体高度得到恢复,Cobb角得到矫正,伤椎前缘压缩比较术前有明显改善,无断钉病例。结论经一侧伤椎短节段椎弓根钉固定联合植骨融合治疗胸腰段脊椎骨折,是一种有效方法。     

一期后路病灶清除植骨融合内固定治疗短节段腰椎结核

目的探讨一期后路病灶清除植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定治疗短节段腰椎结核的手术适应证、手术操作技术及临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2009-02—2015-12采用腰椎后路病灶清除、自体骼骨植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定治疗23例短节段腰椎结核,术后继续规范抗结核药物治疗。结果 23例均获得随访,随访时间平均20.3(11~36)个月。1例术后2年椎弓根钉断裂,但骨愈合良好,其余患者未出现内固定松动、断裂等并发症。术前合并神经损伤症状者末次随访时均完全恢复,9例后凸畸形均得到矫正。术前Cobb角为14°~36°(22.2°±10.3°),术后矫正至2°~12°(12.4°±4.6°);末次随访时Cobb角为2°~12°(12.8°±5.5°),未出现明显矫正丢失。结论一期后路病灶清除植骨融合椎弓根钉内固定治疗短节段腰椎结核是一种安全、有效的手术方式,后路椎弓根钉固定牢靠,植骨融合率高,但病灶清除技术难度较大。     

杂交与融合手术治疗双节段腰椎退变性疾病的对比

[目的]比较PEEK棒杂交术与钛棒双节段融合术的临床结果及术后邻近节段退变(ASD)。[方法]2013年10月~2014年10月对44例双节段腰椎退变患者行手术治疗,其中杂交组21例,采用下位间隙融合,上位间隙不融合,椎弓钉PEEK棒固定;融合组23例,行双间隙融合,椎弓钉钛棒固定术。采用疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)、欧式功能障碍指数(ODI)和日本骨科学会(JOA)评分分析临床疗效。通过测量相邻节段椎间隙高度指数(DHI)、活动范围(ROM)、相邻节段椎间盘Pfirrmann退变分级,评价ASD。以末次随访腰椎CT二维重建评估椎间融合。[结果]末次随访时,两组术后VAS、ODI、JOA均较术前有明显改善(P<0.05)。杂交组无任何患者符合ASD的诊断标准。相比之下,融合组有6例患者发生ASD,发生率为26%,其中1例有明显临床症状,诊断为邻近节段退变病。两组分别出现1例螺钉松动,均无临床症状。[结论]应用PEEK棒杂交手术与钛棒融合手术治疗双节段腰椎退行性疾病均获得满意的临床疗效;通过平均24个月以上的随访,结果显示PEEK棒杂交手术延缓ASD有明显的优势。     

后路多节段固定结合经椎弓根椎间融合治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

[目的]用多节段椎弓根螺钉或椎弓根螺钉加钩棒系统后路固定,结合经椎弓根椎间融合治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的临床疗效.[方法]对25例Denis分类Type B型胸腰椎爆裂性骨折实施了后路椎弓根钉系统固定术.受伤至手术间隔时间平均7 d,平均年龄38.6岁.平均随访时间28个月.采用多节段椎弓根螺钉或椎弓根螺钉加钩棒系统的后路固定法.植骨采用经椎弓根切除椎间盘椎体间植骨的方法.[结果]局部后弯从术前的Cobb角平均15.5°改善到4.7°.术后平均28个月随访时为9.4°,平均损失4.7°.[结论]多节段椎弓根螺钉或椎弓根螺钉加钩棒系统,经椎弓根椎体间植骨,加强前柱的支持性是治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的有效方法.     

植骨加钉-钩固定治疗青年腰椎峡部裂

目的探讨应用植骨加椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统固定治疗青年腰椎峡部裂的临床疗效。方法 2005年12月～2011年9月,应用植骨加椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统固定治疗青年腰椎峡部裂患者82例,患者均主诉反复腰痛〉3个月,非手术治疗3～6个月无效,术前腰椎疼痛视觉模拟量表（visual analogue scale,VAS）评分为7.9分。结果术后腰部疼痛症状明显缓解,VAS评分1.5分,根据Nakai评分标准,优良率为95%,随访12～48个月,除1例峡部裂植骨未愈合外,均骨性融合,无内固定松动、断裂。结论腰椎峡部修复植骨、椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统单节段固定是治疗青年腰椎峡部裂的一种简单、安全、有效的方法,避免了脊柱融合,应用时注意适应证的选择。     

Biomechanical and clinical study on screw hook fixation after direct repair of lumbar spondylolysis

Objective : To evaluate the biomechanical effect and clinical results of hook screw fixation after direct repair of lumbar spondylous defects in the pars interarticularis. Methods: L2-L6 spines of 8 fresh-frozen and thawed calf cadavers were used for mechanical testing. Bilateral spondylous defects were created in the L4 vertebra. The intervertebral rotation ranges between L4 and L5 were scanned and computerized in various states of motion, such as flexion/extension, lateral bending and torsional loadings applied on the intact spine and the spondylous spine when the spondylous spine was fixed with modified Scott' s fixation, hook screw fixation and Buck ' s fixation sequentially and respectively. Between July 2002 and February 2004, 14 young male patients (aged 15-31 years) suffering from symptomatic lumbar spondylolysis were treated with TSRH hook screw fixation after direct repair of the defects. MacNab criteria were used to assess their pre-and post-operative status. Results: Each fixation technique could significantly increase the intervertebral rotational stiffness and made the stiffness return to nearly the intact level. Hook screw technique provided more rotational stability than the others. Hook screw and Buck' s techniques provided more flexion/extension stability than modified Scott' s technique. Neither complication nor instrumental failure was observed in this study. The mean follow-up period was 21 months. All the patients except one acquired union during the follow-up period. Thirteen patients had a“good”or“excellent”result according to MacNab criteria. Conclusions: Hook screw fixation shows biomechanical advantages and is safe and effective for young patients with lumbar spondylolysis.     

Direct repair of multiple levels lumbar spondylolysis by pedicle screw laminar hook and bone grafting: clinical, CT, and MRI-assessed study

INTRODUCTION: A prospective analysis of 6 cases with multiple-level spondylolysis treated by direct repair with pedicle screw laminar hook is presented. The objective of the study was to evaluate the clinical outcome, plain radiographs, computed tomography (CT) scan, and magnetic resonance imaging to demonstrate the result of direct repair in the treatment of multiple-level spondylolysis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Ten patients with multiple-level spondylolysis of lumbar spine were treated with segmental pedicle screw hook fixation and autogenous bone graft. Four patients had lost follow-up. Six patients were followed up for a minimum of 2 years (mean 34.3 mo, range 24 to 55 mo). Patient's average age was 22 years old (range from 20 to 25 y old). All lytic defects were bilateral and located at 2 different lumbar vertebras (levels). CT scans and MR images were obtained at the latest follow-up postoperatively to assess the healing of the bony defects and the adjacent disc conditions. Fusion was considered to be presented when trabecula across the lytic defect was detected. RESULTS: The union rate was 87% (21 pars/24 pars) on plain radiographs and 75% (18 pars/24 pars) on CT scans. Follow-up magnetic resonance imaging of lumbar spine showed no disc degeneration. All patients were satisfied (either excellent or good) with the postoperative outcomes. CONCLUSIONS: Direct repair of multiple-level spondylolysis by pedicle screw laminar hook and autogenous bone graft would be the alternative of treating patients with persistent back pain after 6 months of conservative treatment The favorable clinical outcome was correlated with bony healing rate in this series.     

单节段峡部植骨固定治疗腰椎峡部不连的临床分析

目的: 研究单节段峡部植骨固定治疗单纯峡部不连的手术方法及应用价值。方法: 46例单纯峡部不连病人, 采用椎弓根螺钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨固定治疗, 术后进行随访,探讨此手术方式的峡部不连愈合及病人症状改善、运动及工作能力恢复情况。结果: 本组 46例病人经平均 16个月随访, 下腰部疼痛及下肢放射痛明显缓解, 峡部不连愈合, 生理功能恢复良好, 优良率达 93. 5%, 没有刀口感染、内固定物断裂、神经根损伤等并发症。结论: 单节段峡部植骨椎板钩固定是治疗腰椎峡部不连的一种简单有效的方式。     

峡部植骨固定治疗腰椎椎弓峡部不连性下腰痛

目的研究腰椎椎弓峡部不连下腰痛峡部植骨固定的手术方法及应用价值。方法46例单纯峡部不连病人,采用椎弓根螺钉、椎板钩加峡部植骨固定治疗,术后进行随访,探讨此手术方式的峡部不连愈合及病人症状改善情况。结果本组46例病人经平均16个月随访,下腰部疼痛明显缓解,峡部不连愈合,功能恢复良好,优良率达93．5％：没有切口感染、内固定物断裂、神经根损伤等并发症：结论单节段峡部植骨椎板钩固定是治疗腰椎峡部不连性下腰痛的一种简单有效的方式。     

Clinical and CT scan evaluation after direct defect repair in spondylolysis using segmental pedicular screw hook fixation.

Direct defect repair using segmental pedicular screw hook fixation was carried out in nine patients with spondylolysis and a mean age of 24.2 years. One patient was fused 3 years after isthmic reconstruction. In the remaining eight patients, after a mean follow-up of 41 months (range, 12-78), three self-evaluation scales revealed a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in clinical status. Computed tomography scans were carried out in seven patients. There was bilateral bony union in two cases, in three pars healing was unilateral, and in two the isthmic defect persisted bilaterally. No correlation was observed between the status of the pars and follow-up. We conclude that repair of defects in spondylolysis may result in a favorable clinical outcome even when anatomic reconstruction of pars interarticularis is not successful.     

钉棒系统固定结合峡部植骨融合治疗青少年腰椎峡部裂远期疗效

目的：探讨腰椎后路椎弓根钉固定结合峡部植骨融合治疗青年腰椎峡部裂远期疗效。

方法：回顾性分析自2006年1月至2014年7月收治16例采用腰椎后路椎弓根钉固定结合峡部植骨融合术治疗的单纯腰椎峡部裂不伴有腰椎滑脱的青年患者,其中男11例,女5例;年龄18~21岁,平均19.3岁;病程12~26个月,平均22个月。所有患者存在活动后腰部疼痛,严重者下床活动困难,术前CT证实L₅峡部裂12例,L₄峡部裂4例,并在术后影像学证实植骨融合后取出内固定。采用腰痛视觉模拟评分法对术前、术后各时间点进行评分,采用腰椎CT检查评估腰椎峡部融合情况,采用腰椎MRI检查评估固定节段及邻近节段腰椎间盘退变情况。

结果：本组16例患者,13例26侧获得完整随访,平均96个月;手术时间80~105 min,平均95 min;术中出血量150~300 ml,平均225 ml。所有患者手术顺利完成,无手术相关并发症发生;患者术后各时间点VAS评分较术前改善（P<0.01）。术后腰椎CT检查均获骨性融合,融合时间6~14个月,平均12个月;腰椎MRI检查无邻近节段退变及固定节段间盘变性、突出等改变,术后远期无症状复发及再发峡部裂。

结论：采用腰椎后路椎弓根钉固定结合峡部植骨融合治疗青年腰椎峡部裂,该术式安全、有效,融合率高,减少对正常生理活动范围的干扰,长期疗效满意。     

椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统治疗青少年腰椎峡部裂的临床疗效

目的探讨椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统在治疗青少年腰椎峡部裂时的临床疗效。方法从1999-02-2011-02,应用椎弓根钉-椎板钩节段内固定及植骨修复重建青少年腰椎峡部裂22例。保守治疗至少6个月无效,术前腰痛VAS评分8.1分,术中彻底清除峡部裂之间的纤维组织、瘢痕及增生组织,切除裂部骨端的硬化骨,至断面出现渗血为止,取自体髂骨条植骨,安放椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统。结果所有患者术后随访9～48个月,平均24个月。术后恢复满意,无内固定断裂、神经损伤等并发症,术后腰痛VAS评分降到2.1分,所有病例均获得骨性愈合。结论椎弓根钉-椎板钩系统及植骨修复重建青少年腰椎峡部裂效果确实,值得推广应用。     

A biomechanical study on the direct repair of spondylolysis by different techniques of fixation

Objective: To compare the immediate stability of different fixation techniques for the direct repair of spondylolytic defects in the pars interarticularis. Methods: Eight fresh‐frozen and thawed calf cadaveric lumbar spines were used for mechanical testing. A modified Scott, screw‐rod‐hook, screw‐rod construct fixation and Buck techniques were applied to calf lumbar spines in which bilateral spondylolytic defects had been created in the L₄ vertebra. The multidirectional flexibility of each specimen was measured under flexion/extension, right/left lateral bending, and right/left axial rotation. Results: After creating a pars interarticularis defects at L₄, the range of movement (ROM) at both the L₃‐L₄ and L₄‐L₅ levels were increased under all loading conditions. Each fixation technique significantly increased stability and almost restored intervertebral rotation mobility to normal levels. Under flexion‐extension, the screw‐rod‐hook and screw‐rod construct techniques of fixation provided more rotational stability than did the other two techniques (P < 0.05). The screw‐rod‐hook, screw‐rod construct and Buck techniques also provided more flexion/extension stability than the modified Scott technique. Conclusion: The current study has shown that the ROM at the involved and upper adjacent level of spondylolysis is greater than in the intact spine. All four fixation techniques accorded with spinal biomechanical principles and restored intervertebral rotation displacements under flexion, rotation and bending loads to the intact condition. The screw‐rod‐hook and screw‐rod construct fixation techniques provided more stability than did the modified Scott and Buck techniques, and are therefore good prospects for direct repair.