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1.
微电极导向立体定向手术治疗帕金森病   总被引:9,自引:1,他引:8  
目的:总结微电极导向立体定向手术治疗帕金森病的临床经验及治疗效果。方法:自1999年4月至2001年2月采用微电极导向立体定向手术治疗帕金森病350例。其中行苍白球腹后部毁损术(PVP)278例,丘脑腹中间核(Vim)毁损术35例,行同期同侧PVP和Vim毁损术15例,行同期双侧PVP11例,分期双侧PVP8例,分期一侧PVP、另一侧Vim毁损术3例。对手术前后的“关”状态和“开”状态进行日常生活量表评分、统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)评分,并进行门诊随访或家访。结果:术后日常生活能力评分“关”状态提高29.8%,“开”状态提高25.9%。UPDRS评分在“关”、“开”状态下,总的症状改善率分别为57.3%和33.4%,其中精神行为情绪改善率为50.8%和28.9%,日常活动改善率为59.1%和35.9%,运动功能改善率为58.2%和34.7%。结:PVP地大多数症状均有效,但对震颤的效果不如Vim毁损术;对震颤明显、无明显僵直的患可选择Vim毁损术;对震颤僵直型患可行同期双侧PVP或同期PVP加Vim毁损术。  相似文献   

2.
目的:探讨立体定向丘脑核团毁损治疗帕金森病的方法及临床效果。方法:对23例帕金森病患者行MRI定位,进行立体定向丘脑核团毁损术治疗,全部采用Vim核毁损。结果:全部病例术后震颤症状完全消失,并于5年后进行随访效果仍满意。结论:立体定向丘脑核团毁损治疗帕金森病安全有效。  相似文献   

3.
目的探讨立体定向丘脑核团毁损治疗帕金森病的临床治疗效果。方法 15例帕金森病患者,其中震颤型14例,僵直型1例,均行MRI(和CT融合技术)定位,采取立体定向丘脑核团毁损术进行治疗,震颤型患者在手术过程中采取Vim为靶点,僵直型患者在手术过程中采取GPI为靶点。结果治疗后,震颤型帕金森病患者临床症状明显改善,震颤状况均完全消除,肢体的灵活度有了很大程度的改善;僵直型帕金森病患者肢体肌张力明显下降,但对生活质量以及步态改善状况不明显,无并发症出现。在随访的过程中,大部分患者在日常生活中通过口服少量药物便能有效地控制症状,双侧病变患者未治疗侧肢体症状明显重于治疗侧肢体者,3例伴有抑郁症患者的临床状况明显好转。结论立体定向丘脑核团毁损治疗帕金森病能显著地改善震颤以及肢体的灵活度,但不能有效改善患者的运动减少症状。帕金森病患者于术后需要继续采取药物治疗,并在此基础上积极地加强身体锻炼与各种康复练习,才能延缓疾病进展,最终改善生活质量。  相似文献   

4.
选择性丘脑腹中间核毁损术治疗震颤型帕金森病   总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0  
赵亚群  高国栋  王学廉  张华 《医学争鸣》2001,22(10):939-941
目的:探讨选择性丘脑腹中间核(Vim)毁损术的手术方法及对震颤型帕金森病的疗效,方法:CT解剖定位,微刺激,微记录及放大刺激进行神经电生理校对,行小灶性毁损,手术前后行UPDRS分项计分,手指拍击实验和行走试验并计算改善率,结果,33例震帕金森病患者术中完体控制震颤,UPDRS分项计分,手指拍击实验和行走试验及改善率均显示术手疗效显著,2wk后复发1例,轻度构音障碍1例,结论:选择性丘脑Vim毁损术对震颤型帕金森病有显著疗效,严格掌握手术造应证,合理应用 微电极技术,适当的毁损体积是手术成功的关键。  相似文献   

5.
立体定向手术治疗帕金森病的临床研究   总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11  
目的:总结微电极导向立体定向技术行脑内核团毁损和脑深部电刺激(DBS)治疗帕金森病的临床经验.方法:1999~2004年期间采用微电极导向立体定向毁损手术治疗帕金森病510例和DBS治疗帕金森病62例,其中脑核团毁损术组中行单侧苍白球腹后部毁损术(PVP)385例,丘脑腹中间核(Vim)毁损术91例,行同期同侧PVP和Vim毁损术12例,进行同期双侧PVP 8例,分期双侧PVP 10例,分期双侧PVP Vim术4例.DBS组中,刺激靶点为丘脑底核(STN)61例和Vim 1例,其中单侧31例,双侧31例.结果:脑核团毁损组于术后进行UPDRS运动评分,在"关"状态下症状改善率为47.3%;在"开"状态下症状改善率为23.4%.开-关症状和异动症均消失.220例平均随访11.6个月,其中显效130例(59.9%),改善75例(34%),无效15例(6.8%).DBS组术后UPDRS运动评分,在"关"状态下改善率为45.2%,在"开"状态下改善率为25.7%,平均随访11.8个月,其中40例于1个月内调整参数后再无调整,12例术后需再次调整参数.结论:根据患者的症状合理选择不同的脑核团毁损靶点,可明显控制患者症状.DBS手术并发症少,术后可调节参数,已成为治疗帕金森病的重要手术方法.  相似文献   

6.
丘脑腹外侧核团细胞电活动与原发性震颤   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
目的 探讨与原发性震颤(ET)相关的丘脑腹外侧核(Vop和Vim)细胞电活动.方法 以10例ET患者和10例原发性帕金森病(PD)患者为研究对象,在实施立体定向手术的同时采集Vop/Vim细胞电活动和肢体EMG.用单细胞和峰间隔(ISI)分析不同细胞放电模式和频率.结果 发现266个神经元,包括与震颤相关的细胞放电活动(101个),紧张性放电活动(85个)和不规则放电活动(80个).在10个ET患者针道中发现131个神经元,除29.0%与震颤相关的细胞放电活动外,41.2%为紧张性放电活动,平均细胞自发放电频率(MSFR)为(55±21)Hz;29.8%为不规则放电活动,MSFR为(32±17)Hz.在PD患者10个针道中发现135个神经元,除46.7%与震颤相关的放电活动外,23.0%为紧张性放电活动,MSFR为(39±15)Hz;30.3%为不规则放电活动,MSFR为(21±8)Hz.进一步分析发现ET的紧张性和不规则放电活动的MSFR明显高于PD(t分别为2.74,2.72,均P<0.05).另外发现ET的Vop和Vim的MSFR分别为31.4 Hz和59.0 Hz,显著高于PD的Vop和Vim 16.8 Hz和34.5 Hz(t分别为4.43,4.92,均P<0.05).结论 Vim接受来自小脑的投射,Vim神经元放电频率的增加提示ET的病理生理可能与小脑的过度活跃相关.  相似文献   

7.
对双侧震颤明显的PD患者,一侧丘脑腹外侧核(VL)中丘脑腹外侧中间核(Vim)核毁损后,对侧震颤消失;另一侧试用了Bertrand所介绍的丘系前区(pr1)替代Vim核,以避免左侧脑内手术可能发生的语言及认知功能障碍。结果:107例手术证明丘系前区毁损对震颤疗效显著,对僵直也有良好疗效。除3例语言受到一定损害、恢复不理想外,无其他严重并发症。认为,prl作靶点组合是PD第二次对侧手术很好的选择。  相似文献   

8.
王鹏程  刘健  赵建农  黄垂学 《海南医学》2004,15(6):47-47,50
目的 探讨微电极引导立体定向术治疗帕金森病的临床疗效。方法 对6例帕金森病患者行单侧丘脑vim核毁损、PVP或PVP 同侧丘脑Vim核毁损术,观察临床疗效。结果 6例震颤、肌强直等症状术后均得到缓解,服药剂量明显减少。2例(33.3%)术后出现嗜睡,声音变小,经治疗1周后神志清醒,1例(16.7%)声音变小没有恢复。5例随访。1例在1年后部分症状复发,其余4例随诊1~3年手术效果稳定。结论 微电极引导立休定向术治疗帕金森病是一种疗效确切、并发症少、安全可靠的治疗方法。  相似文献   

9.
目的评价CT直接定位丘脑Vim核射频热凝术治疗帕金森病(PD)的效果。方法应用CT扫描直接定位Vim靶点,对6例PD病人进行射频热凝毁损治疗,计算术前、术后Webster记分及改善率,评价其疗效。结果6例PD定位准确,有效率100%,疗效平均为70.6%,仅1例并发对侧肢体轻偏瘫,对症治疗后恢复,随访满意。结论CT直接定位Vim核射频热凝术治疗PD,安全有效,尤对震颤效果良好,具有推广价值。  相似文献   

10.
目的分别应用脑深部核团电刺激(deep brain stimulation,DBS)和核团射频毁损术治疗原发性帕金森病(Par-kinson's disease,PD),对照研究DBS和射频毁损术对PD患者的肢体僵直、震颤、运动迟缓等症状的疗效。方法应用CT影像学与微电极电生理定位结合的方法进行靶点定位。25例帕金森病患者进行丘脑底核电极植入,其中18例为一侧,7例为双侧同期植入;25例患者进行射频毁损术,其中21例行一侧毁损,4例行分期双侧射频毁损。两组患者术前UPDRS评分差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05)。术后所有患者经过6个月~5年的随访并行UPDRS评分。结果丘脑底核(STN)慢性电刺激及丘脑腹中间核(Vim)或/和苍白球腹后内侧部(Gpi)射频毁损术患者术后的肢体僵直、震颤、运动迟缓等症状均有不同程度的改善。在术后1个月、6个月、1年比较两组患者的UPDRS评分差异无统计学意义(P〉0.05),而术后2年、3年、5年比较两组的UPDRS评分差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论目前DBS手术和射频毁损术是治疗PD有效的方法,二者在近期疗效方面差异无统计学意义,但在远期疗效方面DBS较射频毁损术有明显的优势。  相似文献   

11.
Background Although thalamotomy could dramatically improve both parkinsonian resting tremor and essential tremor (ET), the mechanisms are obviously different. This study aimed to investigate the neuronal activities in the ventrolateral thalamus of Parkinson's disease (PD) and ET. Methods Thirty-six patients (PD: 20, ET: 16) were studied. Microelectrode recordings in the ventral oral posterior (Vop)and the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of thalamus was performed on these patients who underwent thalamotomy.Electromyography (EMG) was recorded simultaneously on the contralateral limbs to surgery. Single unit analysis and the interspike intervals (ISIs) were measured for each neuronal type. ISI histogram and auto-correlograms were constructed to estimate the pattern of neuronal firing. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) test were used to compare the mean spontaneous firing rate (MSFR) of neurons of PD and ET patients. Results Three hundred and twenty-three neurons were obtained from 20 PD trajectories, including 151 (46.7%) tremor related neuronal activity, 74 neurons (22.9%) with tonic firing, and 98 (30.4%) neurons with irregular discharge. One hundred and eighty-seven neurons were identified from 16 ET trajectories including 46 (24.6%) tremor-related neuronal activity, 77 (41.2%) neurons with tonic firing, and 64 neurons (34.2%) with irregular discharge. The analysis of MSFR of neurons with tonic firing was 26.7 (3.4-68.3) Hz (n=74) and that of neurons with irregular discharge (n=98) was 13.9 (3.0-58.1) Hz in PD; whereas MSFR of neurons with tonic firing (n=77) was 48.8 (19.0-135.5) Hz and that of neurons with irregular discharge (n=64) was 26.3 (8.7-84.7) Hz in ET. There were significant differences in the MSFR of two types of neuron for PD and ET (K-W test, both P〈0.05). Significant differences in the MSFR of neuron were also obtained from Vop and Vim of PD and ET (16.3 Hz vs. 34.8 Hz, 28.0 Hz vs. 49.9 Hz) (K-W test, both P 〈0.05), respectively. Conclusion In consistent with recent findings, the decreased MSFR of neurons observed in the Vop is likely to be involved in PD whereas the increased MSFR of neurons seen in the Vim may be a cause of ET.  相似文献   

12.
目的:应用氢质子磁共振波谱(1H-MRS)成像方法研究特发性震颤(ET)患者双侧丘脑的代谢物变化情况.方法:对14名ET患者和8名健康成人(为对照组)的双侧丘脑进行1H-MRS检查,计算N-乙酰天门冬氨酸(NAA)、肌酸(Cr)、胆碱(Cho)的比值,并对患者采用Fahn-Tolosa-Marin震颤评定量表进行评分.结果:ET患者症状较明显肢体的相关侧丘脑较非相关侧丘脑的NAA/Cr值升高(1.63±0.25 vs 1.56±0.26),ET患者双侧丘脑感兴趣区内NAA/Cr值较对照组双侧丘脑NAA/Cr均值升高(1.63±0.25 vs 1.49±0.35),但差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论:ET患者双侧丘脑并未发现神经元损伤丢失现象,其在该病发生发展中起到的作用还有待进一步研究.  相似文献   

13.
背景:虽然丘脑腹中间核(Vim)是治疗特发性震颤(ET)首选靶点,但是由于存在刺激耐受和其他副作用,因此需要探索新靶点。作者讨论了丘脑底核(STN)脑深部电刺激治疗ET的可能性。 方法 回顾性分析两例在北京天坛医院接受丘脑底核脑深部电刺激的ET病人的资料。病人接受立体定向手术,根据神经解剖图谱、术前MRI,术中微电极记录和测试以确定靶点。术后调节刺激参数以达到较好的控制效果和电池寿命。术后随访对治疗效果进行评价。 结果 两例患者术中记录到典型的电信号,测试震颤明显减轻。术后震颤评分(FTMTRS)分别提高66.7%和75.5%。电极植入术后没有感染、出血、感觉异常、构音困难、认知和平衡障碍以及复视等副作用。 结论 丘脑底核也可以作为特发性震颤脑深部电刺激的治疗靶点。  相似文献   

14.
丘脑底核电刺激改善帕金森病症状的电生理基础   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Tian S  Zhuang P  Li Y 《中华医学杂志》2007,87(47):3321-3324
目的探讨丘脑底核(STN)细胞电活动、脑深部刺激(DBS)电极触点位置与帕金森病(PD)症状改善的关系。方法19例PD患者在接受STNDBS治疗的同时采集细胞电活动和肢体EMG。应用单细胞分析、相关性检验探讨不同放电模式细胞活动与症状的关系,PD综合量表进行术前和术后疗效评估。结果在278个STN神经元中发现与震颤相关(12.6%)的放电活动多分布在STN上部,而紧张性(32.7%)和不规则(54.7%)放电活动多分布在STN下部,进一步比较STN上下部各类细胞的分布均有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。对DBS刺激触点的疗效分析发现,上部触点对震颤改善显著,而下部触点对僵直和迟缓的改善明显。结论STN不同放电模式神经元与PD症状有内在联系。  相似文献   

15.
Essential tremor (ET),characterized by a postural and/or kinetic tremor and primarily manifested in the upper extremities,head,and other parts of the body,is one of the most common neurological disorders.1 The traditional target for the neurosurgical treatment of ET,the ventral intermedius nucleus (Vim) of the thalamus,has confirmed that chronic deep brain stimulation (DBS) is an effective,standard,and primary procedure for ET.However,the loss of tremor suppression due to tolerance of chronic Vim stimulation,accompanied by other adverse effects,such as paresthesias,dysarthria,dysequilibrium,hyperhidrosis,and localized pain,has necessitated changes in the stimulation target in some patients.Therefore,an alternative target for ET stimulation is required.Although targeting the subthalamic nucleus (STN) also has complications,such as dyskinesia,dysarthria,paresthesias,diplopia,mood changes,depression,and restless leg syndrome,in view of the evidence that STN could be the target for patients with tremors associated with Parkinson's disease (PD),STN was elected in two ET patients in our study with positive effects.Our research is reported to have explored the possibilities of STN-DBS in the treatment of ET.  相似文献   

16.
Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common neurological degenerative disorders.Increased evidences indicated that ET is a hereditary of disease.Furthermore,this age-related,progressive disorder is thought to be associated with neuronal loss.1 It has been reported that the sensitivity and specificity of family history given by ET patients are 43.3% and 94.4%,respectively.2 Recently,deep brain stimulation (DBS) of ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus (Vim) has become an established treatment for ET and is widely used in the world,however,so far,no more than dozens of cases have been reported to be treated with this method in the mainland of China.Hereby,we report a Chinese patient with family essential tremor (FET),who was treated with Vim-DBS and had good outcome.  相似文献   

17.
目的比较家族性与散发性特发性震颤患者临床特征是否存在差异。方法临床确诊的ET患者88例,根据有无家族史,分为家族性ET和散发性ET。比较两组在性别、起病年龄、起病部位、震颤类型、震颤演变过程、最严重部位、是否对称、加重或减缓因素等方面的异同。结果家族性ET 45例和散发性ET 43例。家族性ET患者平均起病年龄早于散发性ET患者平均起病年龄[(33.48±18.87)岁vs(42.19±18.80)岁,P<0.05];两组间震颤类型及起病部位无明显差异;家族性ET患者震颤评分高于散发性者(4.34±2.22 vs 3.37±2.00,P<0.05)。家族性ET患者饮酒后震颤减轻或缓解明显高于散发性者(11/13 vs 4/10,P<0.05)。结论与散发性ET患者比较,家族性ET发病较早,进展较快,震颤较重,饮酒后震颤减轻更多。  相似文献   

18.
Background It has been proposed that parkinsonian motor signs result from hyperactivity in the output nucleus of the basal ganglia, which suppress the motor thalamus and cortical areas. This study aimed to explore the neuronal activity in the globus pallidus internus (GPi) and the ventrolateral thalamic nuclear group (ventral oral posterior/ventral intermediate, Vop/Vim) in patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods Twenty patients with PD who underwent neurosurgery were studied. Microelectrode recording was performed in the GPi (n=10) and the Vop/Vim (n=10) intraoperatively. Electromyography (EMG) contralateral to the surgery was simultaneously performed. Single unit analysis was carried out. The interspike intervals (ISI) and coefficient of variation (CV) of ISI were calculated. Histograms of ISI were constructed. A unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS) was used to assess the clinical outcome of surgery. Results Three hundred and sixty-three neurons were obtained from 20 trajectories. Of 175 GPi neurons, there were 15.4% with tremor frequency, 69.2% with tonic firing, and 15.4% with irregular discharge. Of 188 thalamic neurons, there were 46.8% with tremor frequency, 22.9% with tonic firing, and 30.3% with irregular discharge. The numbers of three patterns of neuron in GPi and Vop/Vim were significantly different (P 〈0.001). ISI analysis revealed that mean firing rate of the three patterns of GPi neurons was (80.9±63.9) Hz (n=78), which was higher than similar neurons with 62.9 Hz in a normal primate. For the Vop/Vim group, ISI revealed that mean firing rate of the three patterns of neurons (n=95) was (23.2±17.1) Hz which was lower than similar neurons with 30 Hz in the motor thalamus of normal primates. UPDRS indicated that the clinical outcome of pallidotomy was (64.3±29.5)%, (83.4±19.1)% and (63.4±36.3)%, and clinical outcome of thalamotomy was (92.2±12.9)%, (68.0±25.2)% and (44.3±7.2)% for tremor, rigidity and bradykinesia, respectively. A significant difference of tremor and rigidity was found between GPi and VopNim (P 〈0.05). Conclusions Different changes in neuronal firing rate and the pattern in GPi and Vop/Vim are likely responsible for parkinsonian motor signs. The results support the view that abnormal neuronal activity in GPi and Vop/Vim are involved in the pathophysiology of parkinsonism.  相似文献   

19.
丘脑腹外侧核和基底节核团细胞电活动与帕金森病的关系   总被引:1,自引:1,他引:0  
Wang J  Zhuang P  Li YJ 《中华医学杂志》2006,86(15):1021-1026
目的探讨帕金森病患者丘脑腹外侧核(VL)、内侧苍白球(GPi)和丘脑底核(STN)神经元电活动特点与帕金森症状的关系.方法 27例帕金森病患者 (男17例,女10例) 接受了立体定向毁损术治疗,手术靶点分别为:VL (10例)、GPi (10例) 和STN (7例).术中应用微电极和肌电 (EMG)记录技术同时记录神经元电活动和手术对侧肢体EMG.术前和术后采用帕金森综合评分表(UPDRS) 对患者"关"状态的运动功能进行比较.通过单细胞分析方法甄别细胞电活动特点,相关性检验探讨细胞电活动与肢体EMG的关系,同时运用方差分析比较3个核团不同放电模式神经元的数量和帕金森病三大主症的改善.结果从27个针道中甄别出361个神经元,其主要放电模式是:与震颤相关的放电活动 (159个)、高频紧张性放电活动 (134个) 和不规则放电活动 (68个).其中与震颤相关的簇状放电节律和肢体震颤有相关性(P〈0.01).方差分析显示VL中与震颤相关的细胞数量与其他两个核团相比差异有统计学意义 ( VL:9.0个/针道、GPi:4.9个/针道和STN:3.0个/针道) (均P〈0.05),STN中不规则放电神经元的数量与其他两个核团相比差异有统计学意义 (VL:1.4个/针道、GPi:2.8个/针道和STN:3.7个/针道)(均P〈0.05),而紧张性放电神经元的数量 (VL:4.2个/针道、GPi:6.2个/针道和STN:4.3个/针道) 差异无统计学意义(均P〉0.05).术后手术对侧肢体的UPDRS评分显示VL、GPi和STN对震颤的改善率分别为91.7%、84.8%和62.7%,对行动迟缓的改善率为36.9%、62.3%和70.8%,对僵直的改善率为56.2%、71.3%和68.8%.方差分析结果显示震颤和行动迟缓的改善率比较差异有统计学意义(P〈0.01),其中VL对震颤的改善效果最好,而STN对行动迟缓的改善最明显;但是3个核团对僵直的改善差异无统计学意义(均P〉0.05).结论VL、GPi和STN中不同的神经元放电模式可能与帕金森病临床症状有内在联系,这为不同症状为主的帕金森病患者选择最佳手术靶点提供了依据.  相似文献   

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