大脑半球多脑叶离断术治疗难治性癫痫的疗效

目的 探讨大脑半球多脑叶离断术治疗难治性癫痫的手术经验及疗效。方法 回顾性 分析2013 年4 月—2017 年7 月北京功能神经外科研究所采用大脑半球多脑叶离断术治疗难治性癫痫患 者共22例,介绍手术方式,观察术后病理及疗效,记录并发症情况。结果 Engel Ⅰ级患者15例（占68%）, Engel Ⅱ级患者6例（占27%）,Engel Ⅲ级患者1例（占5%）。术后出现肢体功能障碍较术前加重的患者4 例, 1 例患者出现颅内感染,无一例出现含铁血黄素沉积症。结论 大脑半球多脑叶离断术治疗半球病变 导致的难治性癫痫有较好的疗效,尤其适合那些运动、感觉、语言功能仍然存留在患侧的难治性癫痫患者。     

大脑半球切开术治疗儿童顽固性癫痫

目的探讨大脑半球切开手术治疗儿童顽固性癫痫的临床效果。方法回顾性分析7例大脑半球性病变致癫痫的患儿的临床资料。患儿综合评估后行大脑半球切开术,手术经外侧裂环岛沟入路,癫痫控制效果以Engel标准评判,疗效以最后1次随访时间为准。结果 7例患儿经6个月~2.5年的随访,癫痫控制均为EngelⅠ级,均无明显并发症;术后对侧肢体感觉、运动功能无减退,认知及生活能力较术前有不同程度的改善。结论大脑半球切开术治疗儿童半球性病变致癫痫的疗效确切,安全、有效。     

大脑半球切除术治疗偏侧惊厥-偏瘫-癫痫综合征的疗效分析

目的分析大脑半球切除术对偏侧惊厥-偏瘫-癫痫（HHE）综合征的手术疗效。方法回顾性分析2008。2010年收治的7例HHE患者的临床资料。对7例患者均进行头颅MRI检查、长程视频脑电图监测、功能MRI功能区评估、脑干诱发电位、视力视野检查和神经心理功能测定综合评估。手术方式包括Adam改良式大脑半球切除术6例,多脑叶切除＋胼胝体切开术1例。结果治疗效果按Engel分级,Ⅰ级5例,Ⅲ级2例;患者肢体及神经心理功能均得到改善。结论大脑半球切除术可有效减少HHE患者癫痫的发作,同时能改善患者的肢体运动及神经心理功能。     

多脑叶离断治疗顽固性癫痫

目的 分析多脑叶离断手术治疗顽固性癫痫的预后及神经功能障碍.方法 回顾性分析本院收治的8例多脑叶离断病人临床资料,所有患者均为广泛半球病变,且保留一定的肢体感觉运动等中央区功能,手术方式均为保留中央区的多脑叶离断.随访内容包括发作症状,术后肢体肌力肌张力.结果 至随访结束,按Engel分级：Ⅰ级4例,Ⅱ级3例,Ⅲ级l例.肢体功能障碍轻微.结论 多脑叶离断手术可很好的控制半球病变引起的顽固性癫痫发作,是不适合半球切除或功能半球切除术病例的一个不错选择.     

多脑叶切除联合其他术式治疗半球顽固性癫癎(附18例报告)

目的探讨运用多脑叶切除联合多软膜下横纤维切断术(MST)或／和胼胝体部分切开术治疗脑电图 提示为单侧半球为主的多脑叶或半球弥漫性癎灶患者的手术疗效。方法 回顾性总结、分析采用多脑叶切除联合 MST或／和胼胝体部分切开术所治疗的具有半球(为主)多脑叶或半球弥漫性癎灶的18例重型顽固性癫癎患者。结 果本组术后随访1～5年,平均2年。疗效按Engel的标准评定,I级(术后即无癫癎发作)11例;Ⅱ级(每年仅1 ～2次发作)3例;Ⅲ级(发作频率减少75％以上)2例;Ⅳ级2例,总有效率16／18;效果优良14／18,无于术死亡。结 论采用多脑叶切除联合其他术式治疗具有半球(为主)多脑叶或弥漫性癎灶的重型顽固性癫癎具有疗效好、并发 症相对较少等优点,比大脑半球切除术具有更广泛的适应证。     

大脑半球离断术治疗儿童难治性癫痫

目的 探讨大脑半球离断术治疗儿童难治性癫痫的手术方法及疗效.方法 2007年8月至2011年10月北京三博脑科医院进行12例大脑半球离断手术.经侧裂半球离断术1例,经纵裂半球离断并颞叶切除4例,中央区造瘘半球离断并颞叶切除5例,颞叶、岛盖切除岛周半球离断术2例.手术年龄平均7.6岁(2.1 ～11.9岁).结果 术后随访0.5 -4.5年,Engel Ⅰ级10例,EngelⅡ级1例,Engel Ⅲ级1例.术后因离断不完全再次行离断手术1例.术后患者的认知及生活能力较术前提高,无脑积水等严重神经功能损伤及死亡病例.结论 大脑半球离断术治疗儿童半球性难治性癫痫完全缓解率83％ (10/12),手术疗效确定,是治疗儿童半球病变性癫痫的安全、有效的方法.     

晚期外伤性癫痫的手术治疗

目的 总结45例晚期外伤性癫痫患者手术治疗的经验。方法 全部病例术前进行详细评估，术中采用皮质脑电监测，手术方式包括致痫灶切除术、前颞叶切除术、前颞叶及海马切除术和皮层热灼术和胼胝体切开术。结果 术后随访结果表明患者的癫痫发作改善明显，按照Engel分级，I级23例，Ⅱ级15例，Ⅲ级7例，无Ⅳ级的患者。结论晚期外伤性癫痫的患者如果经过系统的内科治疗无效，可以考虑外科治疗。准确的术前评估、恰当的手术方式及术中皮层脑电监测是提高手术疗效的关键。     

胼胝体切开术后非癫痫症状随访结果分析

目的探讨胼胝体切开术后难治性癫痫的有效性、安全性及非癫痫症状改善情况。方法 9例难治性癫痫患者均行胼胝体前2/3切开手术,其中2例联合致痫灶切除。结果随访平均38.7个月(2例失访),采用修正Engel分级评估患者术后癫痫控制情况:EngelⅠ级2例,EngelⅡ级2例,EngelⅢ级1例,EngelⅣ级2例,并根据1998年国际癫痫会议上讨论的"癫痫术后生活质量预后分类",结合本组患者的实际情况,发现2例患者术后认知表现有明确改善,达到I级,其余4例均为Ⅱ级。社会功能方面,2例达Ⅰ级,3例为Ⅱ级,1例无变化。结论胼胝体切开术后患者认知、职业等非癫痫症状及生活质量改善明显,且可能与癫痫控制率并不完全相关。     

结节性硬化症致癫痫手术效果的影响因素分析

目的探讨影响结节性硬化症致癫痫(tuberous sclerosis complex,TSC)的手术疗效的主要因素。方法回顾性分析手术治疗的19例TSC致癫痫的患者临床资料,分析发病年龄、发作症状学、EEG特点、头颅MRI及手术方式等因素对手术疗效的影响。手术效果按Engel标准评判。生活质量改善程度按Luder标准评判。结果19例患者均成功随访1.5年~7.5年。随访期间癫痫控制情况:Engel I级10例,Engel II级3例,Engel III级2例,Engel IV级4例。生活质量改善程度:Luder I级11例,II级7例,III级1例,IV级0例,V级0例。结论TSC致癫痫多为药物耐受性而需要手术治疗,起病年龄、脑电图特点和包含结节在内的脑叶切除是影响手术疗效的主要因素。     

Lennox-Gastaut综合征的外科治疗初探

目的：探讨采用联合多种术式治疗顽固性Lennox-Gastaut综合征（LGS）的手术效果。方法：回顾性总结、分析采用小范围（多）脑叶（极）切除联合多软膜下横纤维切断术（MST）和胼胝体切开术所治疗的12例顽固性LGS患者。结果：本组术后随访1～3年,平均2年。疗效按Engel的标准进行评定,12例患者中有5例获得Ⅰ级,3例获得Ⅱ级,2例为Ⅲ级,仅2例为Ⅳ级;平均总智商（FIQ）从术前的62.8分提高到72.9分。除枕极切除的患者术后出现对侧视野同向偏盲外,余无严重并发症。结论：采用这种联合（多）脑叶（极）切除、MST和胼胝体切开的方法来治疗部分以单侧半球痫样放电为优势的LGS患者,可较好地控制患者的癫痫（EP）发作,并改善其智力损害。     

药物难治性半球病变性癫痫手术治疗效果及手术方式比较的回顾性研究

目的探讨药物难治性半球病变性癫痫手术疗效,并对功能性大脑半球切除术和大脑半球离断术两种手术方式作比较。方法回顾性分析2005年至2017年在我科手术治疗的25例药物难治性半球病变性癫痫患者,根据所行手术方式分为功能性大脑半球切除术组(FH)15例,大脑半球离断术组(H)10例,对手术时间、术中出血、围手术期并发症、术后癫痫控制、神经功能作回顾性研究。结果术后随访1~12年,平均随访5.28±2.91年。除去失访2例总的癫痫发作控制率为Engel Ia 19例(82.60%)、Engel Id 3例(13.04%)、Engel IIa 1例(4.36%)。在癫痫控制率上,FH组与H组比无差异(p0.05)。在手术时间上,FH组手术时间较H组长,在术中失血上,FH组高于H组,且上述差异均有统计学意义(p0.05)。结论大脑半球切除术是一种有效的难治性半球病变性癫痫治疗措施,术后不仅能有效控制癫痫发作,且部分患者神经功能还得到改善,而大脑半球离断术作为一种创伤更小、疗效相当的手术方式,值得推广。     

Hemispherotomy in children: A retrospective analysis of 152 surgeries at a single center and predictors for long-term seizure outcome

Objective

Completeness as a predictor of seizure freedom is broadly accepted in epilepsy surgery. We focused on the requirements for a complete hemispherotomy and hypothesized that the disconnection of the insula contributes to a favorable postoperative seizure outcome. We analyzed surgical and nonsurgical predictors influencing long-term seizure outcome before and after a modification of our hemispherotomy technique.

Methods

We retrospectively studied surgical procedures, electroclinical parameters, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) results, and follow-up data in all children who had undergone hemispherotomy between 2001 and 2018 at our institution. We used logistic regression models to analyze the influence of different factors on seizure outcome.

Results

A total of 152 patients were eligible for seizure outcome analysis only. Of these, 140 cases had complete follow-up data for ≥24 months and provide the basis for the following results. The median age at surgery was 4.3 years (range = .3–17.9 years). Complete disconnection (including the insular tissue) was achieved in 63.6% (89/140). At 2-year follow-up, seizure freedom (Engel class IA) was observed in 34.8% (8/23) with incomplete insular disconnection, whereas this was achieved in 88.8% (79/89) with complete surgical disconnection (p < .001, odds ratio [OR] = 10.41). In the latter group (n = 89), a potentially epileptogenic contralateral MRI lesion was the strongest predictor for postoperative seizure recurrence (OR = 22.20).

Significance

Complete surgical disconnection is the most important predictor of seizure freedom following hemispherotomy and requires disconnection of the insular tissue at the basal ganglia level. Even if the hemispherotomy is performed surgically completely, a potentially epileptogenic contralateral lesion on preoperative MRI significantly reduces the chances of postoperative seizure freedom.     

Neuronal Disconnection for the Surgical Treatment of Pediatric Epilepsy

Summary: The surgical methods and results of disconnective surgery for pediatric epilepsy were retrospectively analyzed. The techniques of neuronal disconnection included multiple subpial resection (MST), corpus callosotomy, and functional hemisphercctomy by disconnection. Of 158 total pediatric operations, disconnective techniques were employed in more than 60% of the cases. MST was applied when the epileptic focus was located in unresectable cortices such as speech or motor areas. MST was also instrumental when the epileptogenic zone was extensive and was widely disseminated, as is often observed in cases of neocortical epilepsy. Of 25 patients who underwent MST, surgical outcomes after > 1 year follow-up showed Engel Class I or II in 10 cases, Class III in 12, and Class IV in 3. No mortality or morbidity was encountered during surgery or postoperatively. Corpus callosotomy was applied to cases of disabling generalized seizures and showed a marked effect in alleviating potentially injurious drop attacks. Of 34 patients with drop attacks, 29 became free from this type of seizure, 4 had infrequent attacks, and only 1 showed no beneficial effect. Postoperative improvement of cognition and speech was recognized in 77% of the cases. We developed a new method of functional hemispherectomy by fiber disconnection and applied this less invasive technique to 23 cases of hemispheric lesions. Of the 17 cases with > 1 year follow-up, 13 were in Class I or II, and 3 in Class III, and 2 in Class IV. Development partially normalized in infants with good seizure outcomes.     

Neuroplasticity in hemispheric syndrome: an interesting case report

Functional hemispherectomy is an accepted treatment in hemispherical intractable epilepsy syndromes. We report a patient who had functional hemispherectomy for intractable seizures secondary to right hemispheric cortical dysplasia. Preoperatively, the patient had mild left hemiparesis and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) showed bilateral motor function lateralization to normal left hemisphere. The patient remains seizure free at 1-year follow-up, with no deterioration of motor power on left side. This report reviews physiology of neural plasticity for motor function lateralization and also reliability of fMRI in determining the functional shift.     

小儿难治性癫痫综合征的外科治疗

目的总结外科手术治疗27例小儿难治性癫痫综合征病人的经验。方法术前评估和术中脑电检查显示为局灶性改变者行致痫灶切除、脑叶切除或多软膜下横纤维切断(MST)。检查提示一侧半球为主多灶性改变者,术中行多脑叶切除联合MST或(和)胼胝体部分切开。结果本组随访1-8年,平均4.5年。27例病人中有14例获得Ⅰ级(Engel分级),8例获得Ⅱ级,3例为Ⅲ级。平均智商(IQ)从术前的61.4分提高到75.0分,癫痫病程和术前药物难治的时间越短,智商改善越明显。本组4例病人出现暂时性的并发症,无手术死亡。结论对小儿难治性癫痫综合征进行早期外科干预,可以有效地控制癫痫发作、改善智力损害和避免生活残疾。     

Seizure outcome after functional hemispherectomy for malformations of cortical development

MRI features were correlated with postsurgical seizure outcome in patients with hemispheric malformations of cortical development (MCD). After functional hemispherectomy, 5 of 6 patients (83%) with hemimegalencephaly had persistent, although markedly improved, seizures; 5 of 6 patients (83%) with relative preservation of part of one lobe or atrophy were seizure free. Hemimegalencephaly and other types of hemispheric MCD appear to differ in prognosis for freedom from seizures after functional hemispherectomy.     

Hemispherotomy for intractable epilepsy

Context: Hemispherotomy is a surgical procedure for hemispheric disconnection. It is a technically demanding surgery. Our experience is presented here. Aims: To validate and compare the two techniques for hemispherotomy performed in patients with intractable epilepsies. Settings and Design: A retrospective study 2001-March 2007: Nineteen cases of hemispherotomies from a total of 462 cases operated for intractable epilepsy. Materials and Methods: All the cases operated for intractable epilepsy underwent a complete epilepsy surgery workup. Age range 4-23 years (mean 5.2 years), 14 males. The seizure frequency ranged from 2-200 episodes per day; four were in status; three in epilepsia partialis continua. The pathologies included Rasmussen's, hemimegelencephaly (unilateral hemispheric enlargement with severe cortical and subcortical changes), hemispheric cortical dysplasia, post-stroke, post-traumatic encephalomalacia and encephalopathy of unknown etiology. The techniques of surgery included vertical parasaggital approach and peri-insular hemispherotomy. Neuronavigation was used in seven cases. Results: Class I outcome [Engel's] was seen in 18 cases and Class II in one assessed at 32-198 weeks of follow-up. The four patients in status epilepticus had Class I outcome. Four patients had an initial worsening of weakness which improved to preoperative level in five to eight weeks. Power actually improved in three other patients at 32-36 weeks of follow-up, but hand grip weakness persisted. In all the other patients, power continued to be as in preoperative state. Cognitive profile improved in all patients and 11 cases returned back to school. Conclusions: Both techniques were equally effective, the procedure itself is very effective when indicated. Four of our cases were quite sick and were undertaken for this procedure on a semi-emergency basis.     

125例颞叶癫手术远期疗效分析

目的评价颞叶癫手术的远期疗效。方法回顾性分析125例颞叶癫手术患者,术前、术后进行全面评估。结果本组125例无手术死亡及严重并发症,术后随访2～3a,疗效按Engel的标准评定,Engel’s效果分级：I级（术后无癫发作）81例（64.80%）,Ⅱ级（极少发作,1～2次/a）20例（16.00%）,Ⅲ级（发作频率减少75%以上）16例（12.80%）,Ⅳ级（发作频率减少75%以下）8例（6.40%）,总有效率93.6%。结论外科手术治疗颞叶癫是一种安全、有效的方法,疗效理想。     

儿童难治性癫痫的外科治疗

目的 分析儿童难治性癫痫的病因、外科手术的适应证和预后.方法 回顾性分析采用外科手术治疗342例儿童癫痫的经验.结果 皮质发育障碍是本组儿童难治性癫痫的最重要病因,占18.4%.药物难治性癫痫综合征占13.5%.术后疗效Engel Ⅰ级158例,Ⅱ级76例,Ⅲ级61例,Ⅳ级47例.平均智商(1Q)从术前的69.2分提高到79.8分.术前显示智力低下者术后亦有明显改善.结论 早期外科干预能有效地控制癫痫发作、改善智力损害,智力低下不应是外科治疗的禁忌证.同时,正确认识儿童难治性癫痫的病凶和病理埘儿童癫痫的外科治疗具有重要作用.     

Hemispherectomy for intractable epilepsy in adults: the first reported series

Hemispherectomy for intractable unihemispheric epilepsy (IUE) has long been established in pediatric patients. This study reports the first series examining hemispherectomy exclusively in adult patients (>18 years old). Nine adults with IUE underwent hemispherectomy at the University of Minnesota. All patients had unilateral hemiplegia and visual field loss. Seven patients (77.8%) were Engel class I/II at last follow-up. Five (83.3%) of the six patients with >30 years of follow-up were seizure free. No surgery-related mortality, hydrocephalus, or superficial cerebral hemosiderosis occurred. Hemispherectomy is an effective procedure in appropriately selected adult patients, resulting in excellent long-term seizure control and no mortality.