儿童直立倾斜试验的临床分析

目的探讨儿童直立倾斜试验(HUTT)阳性率,并且通过HUTT拟诊为自主神经介导性晕厥的晕厥患儿及拟诊为慢性直立不耐受的非晕厥患儿的疾病构成及疾病比例。方法将2007年8月至2015年12月于河北医科大学第二医院儿科心血管专业拟诊为自主神经介导性晕厥的患儿分为晕厥组,将拟诊为慢性直立不耐受的患儿列入非晕厥组,对患儿行HUTT。结果晕厥组HUTT阳性率为60.6%,非晕厥组HUTT阳性率为57.6%。晕厥组112例患儿,其中血管迷走性晕厥39例(39/112),体位性心动过速综合征35例(35/112),直立性高血压13例(13/112),直立性低血压1例(1/112),直立不耐受8例(8/112),不明原因晕厥26例(26/112);非晕厥组109例患儿,其中体位性心动过速综合征43例(43/109),血管迷走性晕厥22例(22/109),直立性高血压8例(8/109),直立性低血压4例(4/109),直立不耐受9例(9/109),诊断不明确30例(30/109)。结论 HUTT是诊断自主神经介导性晕厥及慢性直立不耐受的必要及有效方法。血管迷走性晕厥是自主神经介导性晕厥最常见疾病,慢性直立不耐受中最常见疾病为体位性心动过速综合征。     

卵巢子宫内膜异位囊肿粘连程度及相关因素分析

Objective To investigate the relationship between degree of endometrioma adhesions and clinical feature, surgical treatment and postoperative recurrence. Methods From Jan 2003 to Mar 2008, 662 patients with endometrioma undergoing laparoscopic ovarian endometrioma excision in Peking Union Medical College Hospital were studied retrospectively. All patients were classified into four groups according to the extent of adhesions: 31 cases in none adhesions group, 123 cases in mild adhesions group (filmy thickness, avascular, easily separated adhesions), 310 cases in moderate adhesions group (less than a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness adhesions which was difficult to separate, or above a half of ovary were adjacent to filmy thickness adhesions) and 198 cases in severe adhesions group (above a half of ovary was adjacent to dense thickness, well vascularized adhesions which was difficult to separate, and always involved the other pelvic organs, observed angiogenesis). The comparison of degree, characteristics, period of pain, lab test, surgical management and postoperative recurrence was performed among those above groups. In the mean time, risk factors and multinomial logistic regression were analyzed. Results (1)Clinical characteristics: The incidence of patients with dysmenorrhea, dyspareunia, straining feeling in anus, chronic pelvic pain and the level of CA125 (>35 kU/L) was remarkably higher in moderate-to-severe adhesion groups than in none-to-mild adhesions groups (P=0.000, 0.000, 0.001, 0.006 and 0.000, respectively). Infertility rate were significantly higher in severe adhesions group(15.7%,31/198) than none adhesions group(3.2%,1/31), mild adhesions group(11.4%,14/123) and moderate adhesions group(9.7%,30/310, OR=1.728, P<0.05).(2)Operating time and blood loss: Operating time of each groups was as followed: (37±15) min in none adhesions group, (42±19) min in mild adhesions group, (50±20) min in moderate adhesions group and (63±22) min in severe adhesion group. Blood loss was (23±12) ml in none adhesion group, (31±27) ml in mild adhesion group, (40±32) ml in moderate adhesion group and (70±67) ml in severe adhesions group. Thicker adhesions result in longer operation time and more blood loss. (3)Combined with other disease: The ratio of patients who combined with adenomyosis or deeply infiltrating endometriosis in moderate-to-severer adhesion groups was higher than patients in none-to-mild adhesions groups (OR=3.466, P=0.000). (4) Postoperative recurrence: It was categorized into recurrence of pain and cyst. Moderate-to-severe adhesions was related to higher recurrence rate of pain (OR=1.685,P=0.046), but was irrelevant to recurrence of cyst. Conclusion The more extent of endometrioma adhesions was related to severer pelvic pain symptoms, longer operating time and more blood loss. Postoperative pain recurrence rate was observed in moderate-to-severe adhesion group. Extent of adhesions was irrelevant to cyst recurrence.     

骨盆直肠间隙脓肿致直肠穿孔1例

患者男,54岁,肛周肿痛12d,加重伴发热、肛门坠胀、排便困难3d入院。查体:T:39.20℃,P110次/min,截石位肛周红肿明显,以右侧为甚,触痛,肤温较高,无明显波动感,肛口稍变形,向左侧偏移,指检见有大量脓性分泌物自肛内流出,扪及610点位直肠内巨大包块,触痛明显,有波动感,加压时见有脓液溢出,肛门括约功能差。急查血常规:WBCl8.6X109/L,NEUT0.892。诊断为:肛周脓肿。当日在腰俞穴麻醉下行一期切开引流术,术中消毒肛内时见大量金黄色脓液流出,9点位肛周5cm处切口,可见大量脓液,右食指探入深约8cm处直肠右壁一溃口,左食指自切口探入与肛内相通,…     

动脉栓塞对骨盆肿瘤手术疗效的影响

[目的]探讨供血动脉栓塞对骨盆肿瘤手术疗效的影响。[方法]本组16例，脊索瘤7例，骨巨细胞瘤3例，骨转移瘤3例，骨肉瘤2例，神经纤维瘤1例。术前1d行肿瘤血管造影并用明胶海绵进行供血动脉栓塞。与对照组（结扎双侧髂内动脉骨盆肿瘤切除术）比较，观察其对术中出血量、手术时间、住院时间、术后下床时间、伤口愈合时间及术后各种功能恢复的影响。[结果]骨盆肿瘤切除术前肿瘤供血动脉栓塞与结扎双侧髂内动脉比较，除术中出血量外（P〉0．05），手术、住院、术后下床及伤口愈合时间在统计学上均有非常显著性差异（P〈0．001），而且结扎双侧髂内动脉可能对患者的性功能、排便功能等存在着不良的影响。[结论]肿瘤供血动脉栓塞骨盆肿瘤切除术可大大缩短手术、住院、术后下床、伤口愈合时间，且能更好地保护盆腔内外各组织器官的血运，从而避免其功能的损害。     

骶骨肿瘤切除ISOLA重建骨盆环稳定

目的探讨骶骨肿瘤切除术后应用ISOLA重建骨盆环稳定的疗效。方法手术治疗32例骶骨肿瘤患者。肿瘤切除后均应用ISOLA行腰骶部内固定植骨融合,其中24例行前后联合入路,结扎双侧髂内动脉;8例行单纯后路肿瘤切除植骨融合内固定。结果术后经过6个月～5年的随访,术后感染去除内固定1例,因肿瘤复发死亡3例,再手术3例,失访5例,余患者术后症状均明显改善,植骨融合好,骨盆环稳定,内固定物无松动,未发现断钉断棒现象。结论骶骨肿瘤切除术后应用ISOLA重建下腰椎及骨盆环稳定,疗效满意。     

书讯

腰椎间盘突出症(简称LIDP)是临床常见病，给患者的生活和工作带来极大的痛苦，自2000年以来，笔者采用身痛逐瘀汤加减内服配合腰椎骨盆牵引治疗此病126例，取得良好疗效，现报道如下。     

骨盆倾斜度过大55例临床分析

目的　纠正骨盆倾斜度过大 ,减少头位难产。方法　选骨盆倾斜度≥ 70°的产妇 5 5例在产程中实施体位管理 ,活跃晚期进行宫颈按摩加速产程 ,全程胎心监护。分为纠正组 33例和未完全纠正组 2 2例 ,进行产后出血量、新生儿体重、分娩方式、宫内情况及胎位比较。结果　纠正组和未完全纠正组骨盆倾斜度过大产妇出血量和新生儿体重、分娩方式及胎方位有显著差异(P <0 0 5 ) ,宫内情况无差异。结论　在产程中实施体位管理 ,纠正骨盆倾斜度过大 ,积极处理产程 ,全程胎心监护 ,可有效降低头位难产 ,有利母婴安全 ,提高分娩质量