胸腔镜肺叶切除术的快速康复外科多模式镇痛管理

胸腔镜手术(VATS)是肺叶切除术的主要手术方式,多模式镇痛则是VATS快速康复外科(ERAS)管理的核心内容,其目的在于管理围手术期疼痛,减少患者应激反应,实现术后全面的早期康复。近年来,多模式镇痛不断发展更新,强调综合应用多种镇痛方式和不同机制镇痛药物的协同治疗。本文总结了VATS肺叶切除术多模式镇痛应用的新进展,提出了存在的问题和挑战,以期制定更为有效、实用的ERAS镇痛方案。     

Prognostic Factors and Causes of Death in Patients Cured of Esophageal Cancer

Background

The number of patients cured of esophageal cancer after esophagectomy is gradually increasing owing to advances in surgical techniques, perioperative management, and adjuvant therapies. This study assessed the clinical course and sought to identify the prognostic factors of these patients.

Methods

A series of 220 consecutive patients who underwent esophagectomy and survived for more than 5 years with no relapse were enrolled. Survival analysis was performed using 25 variables including patient characteristics and operative and perioperative factors. Potential prognostic factors were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses, and the development of other primary cancers and the causes of death were retrospectively reviewed.

Results

The overall 10-, 15-, and 20-year survival rates were 71.6, 50.1, and 32.2 %, respectively, with a median survival time of 180 months (range, 61–315 months). The negative independent prognostic factors identified were age at surgery [hazard ratio (HR), 1.05; P < .01], being male (HR, 2.62; P = .02), pulmonary comorbidities (HR, 2.03; P = .02), synchronous presence of other cancers (HR, 2.35; P < .01), colonic/jejunal interposition (HR, 1.76; P = .03), perioperative blood transfusion (HR, 1.92; P = .02), development of pulmonary complications (HR, 1.71; P = .02), and adjuvant radiotherapy (HR, 2.13; P = .01). Pulmonary diseases and other primary cancers were found to be the most common causes of death.

Conclusions

Careful follow-up including the surveillance of other primary cancers is required for long-term survivors of esophageal cancer after esophagectomy.     

Case report: The operation for the lumbar disk herniation just after cesarean delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy

INTRODUCTION

Low back pain is common during pregnancy. However, the incidence of symptomatic lumbar disc herniation during pregnancy is very rare. We report a case of lumbar disc herniation underwent discectomy just after cesarean delivery in the third trimester of pregnancy.

PRESENTATION OF CASE

A 33-year-old woman presented at 32 weeks gestation. She had a low back pain and the left-sided leg pain below the knee. At 34 weeks gestation, she had severe weakness of the left extension halluces longus, left ankle dorsiflexion. MRI showed a large disc herniation at L4/5 expanded to the spinal canal more. The cesarean delivery was performed in the supine position. The patient was then turned to a prone position, and a left L4/5 discectomy was performed. But the day after surgery, she had a severe low back pain and the right leg pain below the knee. MRI showed a disc herniation at L4/5 on the right side of the spinal canal. At 6 days after the first surgery, a right L4/5 discectomy was performed. In the immediate postoperative period, the patient experienced complete relief of the right leg pain.

DISCUSSION

It is necessary to cooperate with a pediatrician, an obstetrician, and an anethesiologists. For obtaining the best outcome on mother and child, it is important to discuss in advance to be able to respond quickly for changeable situation.

CONCLUSION

It is necessary to conduct the operation under pregnancy in consideration of the great influence on mother and child.     

4例大动脉调转术患儿术后早期护理

完全性大动脉转位(D-TGA)是一类复杂的发绀型先天性心脏病,占先天性心脏病的5%～8%[1],般认为,一经确诊,必须尽快手术,室间隔完整型的患儿最好在2周内进行,最迟不超过1个月.     

安神补心胶囊对小鼠大脑内神经递质影响

目的:观察安神补心胶囊对小鼠大脑神经递质5-羟色胺(5-HT)及γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)含量的影响,初步探讨安神补心胶囊改善睡眠作用机制,为临床研究提供实验理论依据。方法:将昆明小鼠随机为空白对照组、地西泮对照组、安神补心胶囊组,分别灌相应药物:0.9%氯化钠注射液、地西泮水溶液(0.1 mg/mL)及安神补心胶囊水溶液(0.1 g药丸/mL),每天灌胃给药1次(0.1 mL/10 g),连续灌胃8 d,末次给药后,用酶联免疫吸附测定法测定小鼠大脑5-HT及GABA含量。结果:空白对照组、地西泮对照组、安神补心胶囊组5-HT含量分别为(604.56±31.35)ng/mL、(468.42±30.33)ng/mL、(518.21±31.20)ng/mL;GABA含量分别为(10.77±1.04)μmol/L、(14.58±0.75)μmol/L(12.07±0.88)μmol/L。与空白对照组相比,安神补心胶囊组能明显降低小鼠大脑5-HT含量及提高小鼠大脑GABA含量,差异有统计学意义(P0.05),与地西泮对照组比较,差异亦具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:安神补心胶囊具有良好的改善睡眠作用,其作用机制可能与抑制减少大脑5-HT的合成及刺激增加大脑GABA的分泌有关。     

基于中医传承辅助平台分析中医药治疗脑小血管病的用药规律

目的 分析中医药治疗脑小血管病的组方用药规律。方法 检索中国期刊全文数据库、中文科技期刊数据库、中国学术期刊数据库建库至2021年8月相关期刊文献中治疗脑小血管病的内服方剂,采用中医传承辅助平台(V2.5)的关联规则分析、复杂系统熵聚类及无监督的熵层次聚类等方法进行分析。结果 共收集明确治疗脑小血管病的内服方剂95首,处方中使用频次大于等于10的中药有32味,复杂系统熵聚类得到4个新方。结论 脑小血管病的中医药治疗应攻补兼施,以活血化瘀通络治标的同时,还应重视益气、补肾等扶正药的使用。     

胫骨横向骨搬移对血清血管生成相关因子表达的影响

目的探讨胫骨横向骨搬移术对糖尿病足患者血清中血管生成相关因子表达的影响。方法回顾分析2018年1月-12月收治的10例Wagner 4期糖尿病足患者临床资料,男5例,女5例;年龄51~70岁,平均59.2岁。糖尿病病程2~60个月,平均24.2个月;糖尿病足病程30~120 d,平均54.1 d。分别于术前1 d及术后1、4、11、18、28、35 d抽取外周静脉血,离心取血清采用ELISA法检测血管生成相关因子VEGF、bFGF、EGF、PDGF的表达水平。结果患者血清VEGF、bFGF及EGF表达水平均在术后11 d突然升高,11、18、28、35 d各因子表达水平均显著高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);PDGF表达水平于术后18 d突然升高,18、28、35 d PDGF表达水平显著高于术前,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论胫骨横向骨搬移术治疗糖尿病足,早期可显著增加血清血管生成相关因子的表达,可能是其促进糖尿病足创面愈合的作用机制。     

结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤鼻型患者B症状与EBV‐DNA及细胞因子预后价值分析

目的 探讨结外NK/T细胞淋巴瘤鼻型（ENKTL）患者治疗前B症状与血浆EBV‐DNA拷贝数和血清细胞因子水平的相关关系,并分析其机制和预后价值。方法 回顾性分析资料齐全的173例患者,其中男性116例,女性57例,中位年龄43岁（4~71岁）。Ann Arbor分期Ⅰ‐Ⅱ期126例,Ⅲ‐Ⅳ期47例。肿瘤原发部位包括鼻腔（100例）、非鼻腔上呼吸消化道（34例）和上呼吸消化道以外（39例）。治疗前有和无B症状者分别为91例和82例。按照血浆EBV‐DNA拷贝数的高低分为阴性组36例、低载量（<10⁴ copies/ml）组73例和高载量（≥10⁴ copies/ml）组64例。检测的血清细胞因子包括IFN‐γ、IL‐2、IL‐4、IL‐6、IL‐10和TNF‐α。相关性分析采用Cochran‐Armitage趋势检验和Spearman相关性分析,采用Cox回归风险模型进行单因素分析评估预后影响因素并用Kaplan‐Meier法绘制生存曲线。结果 B症状及发热的发生与血浆EBV‐DNA拷贝水平的增加呈显著一致的趋势,发生B症状的患者其血清IFN‐γ、IL‐6和IL‐10的水平均高于无B症状组（P均<0.001）。血清IFN‐γ、IL‐6和IL‐10水平也均与血浆EBV‐DNA拷贝数呈正相关。B症状的发生与ENKTL患者的高危临床特征相关,包括晚期、原发肿瘤局部侵犯、区域淋巴结累及和治疗前LDH升高。单因素生存分析显示,Ann Arbor分期、B症状、血浆EBV‐DNA及上述血清细胞因子均为OS和PFS的影响因素（P均<0.05）。然而,多因素分析并未显示B症状对生存的独立预后价值。结论 ENKTL患者B症状的发生与EBV‐DNA拷贝水平和细胞因子的增高有关,这些指标也是影响ENKTL患者预后的重要因素。