天麻素及乙酰天麻素对糖尿病视网膜神经节细胞的保护作用

目的比较乙酰天麻素和天麻素灌胃给药对糖尿病大鼠视网膜神经节细胞(retinal ganglion cells,RGC)的保护作用。方法取56只SD大鼠随机分为7组:对照组、糖尿病模型组、生理盐水治疗组、乙酰天麻素低浓度组及高浓度组、天麻素低浓度组及高浓度组,每组8只。链脲佐菌素腹腔注射建立SD大鼠糖尿病模型,血糖高于16.7 mmol·L-1确定为造模成功。模型鼠出现高血糖1周后,分别给予100 mg·kg-1、200 mg·kg-1乙酰天麻素及50 mg·kg-1、100 mg·kg-1天麻素溶液灌胃给药8周,对照组只给予生理盐水灌胃。模型组和对照组大鼠处死后摘除眼球,做视网膜冰冻切片,PI染核,观察神经节细胞层细胞数量变化并计数。结果造模后8周,糖尿病模型组和对照组的细胞计数分别为5.50±4.50和24.75±3.50,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病大鼠给予天麻素灌胃给药后,神经节细胞层的RGC细胞的损伤减轻。免疫荧光显示低、高浓度组糖尿病大鼠RGC细胞数量较糖尿病模型组大鼠及对照组大鼠增加,其中高浓度天麻素组增加更明显,生理盐水治疗组及低、高浓度天麻素组的细胞计数分别为6.10±3.75、14.00±3.50和18.01±4.00,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。糖尿病大鼠给予乙酰天麻素治疗后,神经节细胞层的RGC细胞数量较糖尿病模型组增加,其中高浓度组增加更明显,低、高浓度乙酰天麻素组的细胞计数分别为18.25±5.50和21.88±5.50,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);与天麻素组比较,高浓度乙酰天麻素组RGC的细胞数量明显增加,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论乙酰天麻素比天麻素能更有效保护糖尿病RGC。     

加权逼近理想解排序法结合秩和比法综合评价广东省麻疹监测质量

目的综合评价广东省2009~2012年麻疹监测工作质量。方法加权逼近理想解排序法(Technique for Order Preference by Similarity to an Ideal Solution,TOPSIS)结合秩和比法(Rank-sum Ratio,RSR),对广东省2009~2012年麻疹监测的8项指标进行纵向评价和各市麻疹监测系统(Measles Surveillance System,MSS)运转的7项指标进行横向评价。结果广东省2009~2012年MSS总体运转质量不断提高,2011年麻疹监测质量最好;东莞、中山、深圳和广州市的麻疹监测质量最好,汕尾和云浮市的麻疹监测质量最差。结论运用加权TOPSIS法结合RSR法,能比单一指标评价更加客观、合理地反映MSS运转情况,可在麻疹监测综合评价中运用。     

中西药联合治疗复治肺结核的临床观察

目的：探讨胸腺肽、补金片与抗肺结核药物治疗复治肺结核的临床疗效。方法选择85例复治肺结核患者，随机分成治疗组（43例）和对照组（42例）。治疗组在应用抗肺结核药物基础上加用胸腺肽，补金片治疗3个月，观察患者治疗结果。结果治疗组患者自觉症状、痰菌阴转率、细胞免疫、胸片各指标与照组对比有明显差异（P〈0.05），且无明显副作用。结论抗肺结核药物加胸腺肽、补金片治疗复制结核患者疗效显著，总有效率为95%。     

老年糖尿病患者的营养状态和感染

目的了解合并感染与不合并感染的老年糖尿病患者间营养状态的差别，观察营养状态对感染的影响，以期减少感染发生率。方法运用微量营养评估表（MNA）进行评分，同时检测血清白蛋白，前白蛋白、胆固醇、甘油三酯、C-反应蛋白、糖化血红蛋白、淋巴细胞计数，测量并计算体重指数、三头肌皮褶厚度、上臂肌围。结果两组糖尿病患者间的MNA评分、上臂肌围、淋巴细胞计数、白蛋白和前白蛋白差异存在显著性（P〈0．05），感染组低于未感染组。结论老年糖尿病患者由于蛋白质营养不良，易于合并感染，而感染将进一步加重营养不良，造成恶性循环。改善糖尿病患者的营养状态对降低糖尿病患者的感染发生率有益。     

皮下脂肪和胎盘的抵抗素表达及与胰岛素抵抗的关系

目的探讨抵抗素与胰岛素抵抗(IR)、肥胖和糖尿病的关系。方法于2003-032004-12选取武汉协和医院正常人腹部(n=12)、腿部(n=8)、妊娠妇女腹部(n=12)皮下脂肪组织和胎盘(n=12)为标本,以Western blot法检测抵抗素蛋白表达情况,测定血糖、血脂、胰岛素、体重、身高,计算IR指数、体重指数(BMI)、体内脂肪百分比(BF%)。结果妊娠妇女胎盘组抵抗素蛋白(67905±8441)(OD值)的表达明显高于妊娠腹部组(40718±3818)(P<0·01);正常人腹部组(39421±6087)(P<0·01)、腿部组皮下脂肪组织(14942±6706)(P<0·001);妊娠腹部组和正常人腹部组皮下脂肪组织均明显高于腿部组(P<0·001);抵抗素蛋白与BMI、IR指数、BF、空腹血糖呈正相关性。结论胎盘可分泌抵抗素,抵抗素与中心性肥胖有密切关系,可能引起IR,导致肥胖、2型糖尿病和妊娠糖尿病。     

B-ALL患者PTEN表达及其启动子甲基化状态研究

目的:探讨抑癌基因PTEN在急性B淋巴细胞白血病(B-ALL)患者外周血单个核细胞中的表达及其与启动子甲基化状态之间的关系.方法:收集24例初发B-ALL患者和25例正常人外周血单个核细胞,通过Kolmogorov-Smirnov(KS)分析,利用定量流式细胞术检测PTEN表达.提取基因组DNA后,采用MSP方法检测PTEN启动子甲基化状态,进而在体外培养过程中,以DNA甲基化转移酶抑制剂5-氮-2'脱氧胞嘧啶进行处理,观察其对B-ALL单个核细胞PTEN表达的影响.结果:25例正常人外周血单个核细胞均表达PTEN,KS分析时D值为0.941±0.017,而24例B-ALL患者中22例(91.6%)外周血单个核细胞PTEN表达明显缺失,D值仅为0.546±0.115,两者差异具有显著性意义(P＜0.01);正常人和PTEN高表达的B-ALL患者外周血单个核细胞中未发现PTEN启动子发生甲基化修饰,而PTEN表达缺失的B-ALL患者中有5例(22.7%)出现PTEN启动子甲基化,将其单个核细胞培养时以5-氮-2'脱氧胞嘧啶处理4d,PTEN表达明显升高.结论:PTEN的表达缺失在B-ALL患者中很常见,其启动子甲基化导致的PTEN表达缺失在B-ALL的发生中可能起重要作用.     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.     

乙型肝炎相关肝移植受体供肝植入前后乙型肝炎病毒标志物的变化

目的 了解乙型肝炎相关受体在拉米夫定或拉米夫定 乙型肝炎免疫球蛋白(HBIG)预防下供肝植入前后移植物乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)标志物的变化，探讨移植物HBV再感染的可能机制，为预防复发寻找切入点。方法用酶联放射免疫法、HBVDNA荧光定量法、免疫组织化学LSAB法定期检测78例受体手术前后血清及90例供肝活检组织，重点观察供肝植入前后HBV标志物在肝组织及血清中的动态变化。结果移植时无论受体为HBV活跃复制状态或非活跃复制状态，供肝植入后2h内活检肝组织既无HBVDNA又无HBsAg、HBcAg阳性证据。结论在现有预防措施下，无论受体术前HBV复制状态如何，健康供肝无术中HBV颗粒直接感染的证据，其机制及在远期HBV再感染中的意义尚待进一步研究。     

The effect of repaglinide on blood glucose and islet β-cell function in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients

Objective To explore the effect of repaglinide intensive treatment on islet β-cell function and long-term control of blood glucose in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients. Methods Self-control and inter-group control prospective study was conducted in 80 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients who were treated with short-term repaglinide intensive treatment and islet β-cell function was assessed by 75 g oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) before and after repaglinide treatment. The changes of △I30/△G30 ratio, blood lipid, HOMA A and HOMA B were examined. Results After treatment, in successful group, middle group and defeat group, the fasting plasma glucose levels were decreased from 8.9±1.5, 8.6±1.6,9.0±2.0 to 5.0±1.4,6.3±0. 7,6.5±0. 9 mmol/L, 0. 5 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (12.6±1.6, 12.6±1.5, 12.4±1.3 to 8.4±1.0, 6.8±0. 7, 8. 6±0. 9)mmol/L,and 2 h postprandial glucose levels were decreased from (13.0±1.2, 13. 1±1.3, 13. 3±1.4 to 9.2±0.9, 6.6±0. 7, 9.2±0. 9)mmol/L,respectively (all P <0. 005). The ratio of △I30/△G30 was increased froml. 69±0. 31, 1.72±0. 33, 1.79±0. 36 to 4. 47±0. 62, 4. 42±0.46,12. 00±0.46 in the three groups, respectively (P<0.05). HOMA B was significantly improved (P<0. 05), while triglycerides and HOMA A were decreased(P<0. 05). The levels of fasting blood glucose and postprandial blood glucose in 21 patients were maintained within normal range for more than six months. There were significant differences in the ratio of △I30/△G30, age, repaglinide dosage and the time of reaching target of glucose [4.47±0.62 vs. 2. 0± 0.46; 39±8 vs. 56±9; 2.0±1.5 vs. 5.0±2.5; 32.4±8.0 vs. 53.3±7.6; all P<0.05] between successful group and defeat group. Conclusions The short-term intensive treatment with repaglinide can significantly improve the early secretion phase of insulin and the islet β-cell function, reconstruct of the physiological model of insulin secretion and relieve the disease.