慢性腰痛等速躯干屈伸训练的最佳角速度探讨

目的 探讨慢性非特异性腰痛(chronic non-specific low back pain,CNLBP)行等速躯干屈伸训练的最佳角速度.方法 选择2017年2月～2020年2月本院收治的90例CNLBP患者,采用随机数字表法均分A、B、C三组,分别采用30°/s、60°/s以及90°/s的不同角速度行等速躯干屈伸训练治疗,连续治疗1个月.比较治疗前后Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry dysfunc-tion index,ODI)、VAS评分;采用躯干等速肌力测试比较三组患者治疗前后的腰背肌群伸肌、屈肌峰力矩(peak torque,PT)以及平均功率(Average power,AP).结果 三组治疗后ODI指数、VAS评分均显著降低,且A组显著低于B、C组(P<0.05),B组、C组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);三组治疗后腰背肌群伸肌、屈肌PT、AP均显著升高,且治疗后A组伸肌、屈肌PT显著高于B组、C组(P<0.05),三组伸肌、屈肌AP差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).结论 低速度(30°/s角速度)的等速躯干屈伸训练治疗CNLBP能获得最佳治疗效果,且角速度越低则腰背肌群肌力提升效果越好,但做功功率无明显差异.     

以对氨基水杨酸为母核的三分子缀合物的合成及其生物活性研究

基于多靶点药物设计思想,以对氨基水杨酸(PAS)为母核,选用不同的连接子将PAS、异烟酸和氟喹诺酮三种结构单元缀合,设计了未见文献报道的目标分子TM1和TM2;经多步反应合成了16个目标分子,测试了目标分子抗结核及抗人致病菌的活性。测试结果表明, TM2a抗结核活性强于所测试的氟喹诺酮, TM1a与阳性对照药物氟喹诺酮中活性最强的克林沙星相当; TM1a对所测试菌株都显示最强抑制活性, TM1b与TM2a对多数菌株显示很强抑制活性, TM1h/2h对部分菌株具有强抑制活性; TM1a/1h对金葡菌ATCC14125的抑制活性远强于所测试的氟喹诺酮,值得进一步研究。溶血性实验结果表明,高活性分子TM1a和TM2a分别在8及32μg·mL^-1浓度下表现出相对安全性。本研究首次合成了PAS为母核的三分子药效团拼接的新型分子,部分分子具有非常强的抑菌活性,为抗菌药物的研发提供了新的思路。     

亚硒酸钠对桥本甲状腺炎甲减患者血清TPO-Ab滴度及氧化应激水平的影响

目的 观察亚硒酸钠治疗桥本甲状腺炎(HT)甲减患者的临床疗效,评估对血清TPO-Ab及氧化应激水平的影响,并分析其作用机制.方法 将80例HT甲减患者随机分为对照组和研究组,每组各40例,对照组应用左甲状腺素治疗;在对照组治疗的基础上研究组同时应用亚硒酸钠,比较两组临床疗效,检测血清TSH、FT3、FT4、TPO-Ab、TGAb、SOD、MDA、Th17细胞、IL-17、IL-23水平.结果 研究组患者总有效率为80.00％,明显高于对照组(P<0.05);经治疗后研究组患者血清中FT3、FT4、TSH、TPO-Ab、TGAb、SOD、MDA均显著优于对照组(P<0.05).研究组治疗后血Th17细胞、IL-17、IL-23分别为(12.13±0.31)％、17.28±0.40pg/mL和14.06±0.21pg/mL,均明显低于对照组,其差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论 亚硒酸钠应用于HT甲减患者能够显著改善患者甲状腺激素和氧化应激水平,且患者血清TPO-Ab滴度、血Th17细胞、IL-17、IL-23均显著降低.     

我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况调查

目的调查分析我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况，提出针对性建议。方法从国家医疗质量管理与控制信息网选取1 283家三级医疗机构调研临床营养专业技术人员数据，应用频数、构成比等进行描述性统计分析。 结果三级医疗机构营养科专业技术人员数量不足且分布不均衡，高层次人才比例偏低。医床比1:556.91，技床比1:841.30，医技比1.51:1，护床比1:1 031.31，均未达到文件标准，营养科医师严重缺编。结论应加强营养科专业人员教育和高层次人才培养，建立规范化培养体系，明确营养科职称评定和岗位技能考核制度，不断扩增专业人才数量，提升临床营养诊疗能力。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

GSK3B基因3'-UTR多态性与阿尔茨海默病发病风险的相关性分析

目的研究中国汉族人群中糖原合成酶激酶3β基因(GSK3B)3'端非翻译区(3'-UTR)基因多态性与阿尔茨海默病(AD)发病风险的相关性。方法采用直接测序的方法,对535例AD病例及464例正常对照的GSK3B基因3'-UTR单核苷酸多态性(SNPs)位点进行基因分型。结果 GSK3B基因3'-UTR各SNPs位点的等位基因频率和基因型分布在AD组和正常对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。其中rs60393216、rs56728675和rs3732361存在强连锁不平衡,其构成的三种单体型的频率在AD组和正常对照组之间的差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论 GSK3B基因3'-UTR多态性与中国汉族人群AD发病风险无关。