胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗Ⅰ期高龄非小细胞肺癌的临床效果

目的 探讨Ⅰ期高龄非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)采用胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗的效果及对肺功能及并发症的影响。方法 选择2018年6月—2020年6月于本院就诊的144例高龄NSCLC患者,采用随机数字表法分为2组,每组各72例。对照组实施胸腔镜肺叶切除术,观察组实施胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术。对比2组手术相关指标、肺功能[用力肺活量(FVC)、第1 s用力呼气量(FEV1)和最大通气量(MVV)]及并发症。结果 观察组术中出血量(79.25±21.38)mL,低于对照组的(138.47±22.48)mL(t=16.197,P<0.001),手术时间(104.65±23.16)min,短于对照组的(116.48±29.57)min(t=2.673,P=0.008),疼痛(VAS)评分(3.72±1.20)分,低于对照组的(7.11±2.31)分(t=11.050,P<0.001);观察组术后FEV1(1.51±0.13)L、FVC(2.28±0.20)L、MVV(58.20±3.92)L/min,高于对照组的(1.32±0.11)L、(1.82±0.19)L、(53.76±2.81)L/min(t=9.467、12.304、7.811,P<0.001);观察组并发症发生率2.78%,低于对照组的13.89%(χ2=4.455,P=0.035)。结论 Ⅰ期高龄NSCLC采用胸腔镜亚肺叶切除术治疗可最大程度保护肺功能,降低术后并发症,安全性较高,利于患者预后。     

重组人促红细胞生成素在肝癌根治术患者异体输血中的应用观察

目的:观察肝癌根治术患者异体输血中应用重组人促红细胞生成素的临床疗效.方法:回顾性分析2020年1月至2021年12月期间我院收治的83例肝癌患者,根据治疗药物的不同将其分为对照组(n=38)和研究组(n=45),对照组采取常规治疗(琥珀酸亚铁),研究组患者在对照组基础上联合重组人促红细胞生成素治疗.比较两组术中失血量、输血量、血常规指标[红细胞(Red Blood Cell,RBC)、红细胞比容(hematocrit,Hct)、血红蛋白(Hemoglobin,HgB)]以及不良反应.结果:两组术中失血量无显著差异,但研究组术中输血量低于对照组(P＜0.05);治疗后两组患者RBC、Het、HgB均明显上升,其中研究组上升程度更为显著(P＜0.05);两组不良反应发生率无显著差异.结论:重组人促红细胞生成素可改善血常规指标,降低肝癌根治术患者术中异体输血量,值得临床应用推广.     

我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况调查

目的调查分析我国三级医疗机构营养科专业人才队伍情况，提出针对性建议。方法从国家医疗质量管理与控制信息网选取1 283家三级医疗机构调研临床营养专业技术人员数据，应用频数、构成比等进行描述性统计分析。 结果三级医疗机构营养科专业技术人员数量不足且分布不均衡，高层次人才比例偏低。医床比1:556.91，技床比1:841.30，医技比1.51:1，护床比1:1 031.31，均未达到文件标准，营养科医师严重缺编。结论应加强营养科专业人员教育和高层次人才培养，建立规范化培养体系，明确营养科职称评定和岗位技能考核制度，不断扩增专业人才数量，提升临床营养诊疗能力。     

空气细颗粒物暴露水平与健康成人大脑灰质体积和认知功能的关联研究

目的:应用磁共振成像(MRI)技术探究空气细颗粒物PM2.5暴露水平对健康成年人大脑灰质体积(GMV)和认知功能的影响。方法:选取487例健康成人,采集一般人口学信息及详细居住信息,并根据居住信息获取各受试近6个月和8岁～15岁期间的PM2.5暴露水平,对所有研究对象完成高分辨率结构MRI扫描,使用中文版精神分裂症认知功能成套测验-共识版(MCCB)进行认知测查,使用相关和回归分析探索空气PM2.5暴露水平与GMV和认知功能的关联。结果:近6个月PM2.5暴露水平与大脑右侧额下回三角部(brodmann分区[BA] 45)和右侧颞中回(BA 22)GMV存在负性关联(FWE校正,P<0.05,团块>10体素);与MCCB认知评估的信息处理速度-连线测试(r=-0.17,P<0.01)和推理和问题解决-迷宫测验评分(r=-0.22,P<0.01)负相关。8～15岁时的累积空气PM2.5暴露量与左侧梭状回(BA 18)和右侧舌回(BA 17)GMV负相关(FWE校正,P<0.05,团块>10体素),且与信息处理速度-连线测试、推理和问题解决-迷宫测验评分...     

2例胰岛素自身免疫综合征临床病例分析

通过回顾分析我院2例确诊为胰岛素自身免疫综合征(IAS)患者的临床资料,并复习相关文献,总结发病机制及治疗方法,探讨IAS患者的临床特点,提高对低血糖症的诊治水平。     

经鼻高流量氧气湿化治疗老年慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重合并呼吸衰竭的可行性研究

ObjectiveTo investigate the feasibility of transnasal heated humidified high flow nasal cannula oxygen therapy (HFNC) in the treatment of acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) with respiratory failure in elderly patients. MethodsA total of 176 elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with respiratory failure who were hospitalized at Peking University Shougang Hospital from December 2016 to January 2022 were enrolled, including 82 patients in an HFNC group and 94 patients in an NPPV group. After treatment, pulse oxygen saturation (SPO₂), arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PaCO₂), oxygenation index (OI), respiratory rate (RR), heart rate (HR), mean arterial pressure (MAP), comfort score, discharge rate, rate of endotracheal intubation, rate of transfer to intensive care unit (ICU), and mortality were compared between the two groups. The independent sample t-test was used for comparison between the two groups. Statistical data are expressed in percentage or number of cases and the χ² test was used for their comparisons. ResultsThe SPO₂ values at 30 min, 1 h, and 6 h were significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.049,-2.618, and -3.314, P=0.043, 0.010, and 0.001, respectively). SPO₂ before discharge was significantly lower than that of the NPPV group (t=2.162, P=0.033), but OI at each time point and before discharge had no statistical significance (P＞0.05). MAP at 6 h was significantly higher in the HFNC group than in the NPPV group (t=-2.209, P=0.029), but within the normal range. HRs at 2 h and 3 h in the HFNC group were significantly higher than those of the NPPV group (t=-2.199 and -2.336, P=0.030 and 0.021, respectively). There were no significant differences in RR, HR, or MAP between the two groups at other time points and before discharge (P＞0.05). There was no significant difference in PaCO2 between the two groups (P＞0.05). Comfort score in the HFNC group was significantly higher than that of the NPPV group (t=-46.807, P＜0.001). There were no significant differences in discharge rate, ICU transfer rate, endotracheal intubation rate, and mortality between the two groups (P＞0.05). ConclusionHFNC is as effective as NPPV in treating elderly patients with AECOPD complicated with type Ⅰ or mild type Ⅱ respiratory failure, and HFNC is more comfortable than NPPV.     

Alport综合征误诊为IgM肾病1例

<正>1临床资料患者,女,12岁,因反复血尿、蛋白尿9年入院。9年前体检时发现镜下血尿,尿常规镜检红细胞0～160/HP,变形红细胞100%。近7年前发现尿蛋白(+),24h尿蛋白定量最高1639mg。无水肿、高血压等不适。4年前于南京某医院就诊,查尿蛋白(+),红细胞(++),