生理学精品课程建设的实践与体会

精品课程建设是"高等学校本科教学质量与教学改革工程"的重要组成部分,重在课程内涵的建设和教学方法与手段的创新.在生理学精品课程建设的过程中,教研室积极探索和实践案例式教学、注重多媒体手段和传统教学方法综合运用;引导学生自学和开设临床生理学选修课,目标是提高学生的综合素质、创新意识和临床思维以及学习能力.     

中医院校生理学开放性实验教学初探

生理学实验是中医院校重要的基础实验课之一,实行开放性实验可以启发或培养学生的科研创新性思维.通过抽取本科生进行生理学开放性实验,并对实验的学生进行问卷调查,分析实验效果,探讨教学体会,为今后全面实行开放性实验教学提供参考.     

下丘脑腹外侧视前区通过抑制结节乳头体核对大鼠睡眠觉醒的调控作用

目的 研究睡眠调节中枢下丘脑腹外侧视前区（VLPO）与觉醒调节关键区域结节乳头体核（TMN）之间的联系在大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期调控中的作用.方法 将雄性SD大鼠随机分为对照组（TMN＋ACSF＆VLPO＋ ACSF组）与实验组（TMN＋ ACSF＆VLPO＋ L-Glu组,TMN＋ Bic＆VLPO＋ ACSF组,TMN＋Bic＆VLPO＋L-Glu组）,采用脑立体定位技术确定大鼠VLPO以及TMN插管位置并进行核团内微量注射和多导睡眠描记技术等方法观察和记录大鼠睡眠的变化.结果 与TMN＋ACSF＆VLPO＋ACSF组（n=8）相比,TMN＋ACSF＆VLPO＋L-Glu组（n=7）VLPO内微量注射L-谷氨酸（L-Glu）可使大鼠觉醒减少（42.30±3.75,P＜0.01）,非快动眼睡眠（NREM）和总睡眠时间（TST）增多（61.97±3.41,P＜0.01;77.68±3.74,P＜0.01）,快动眼睡眠（REM）无明显改变,差异无统计学意义;与TMN＋ACSF＆VLPO＋L-Glu组（n=7）相比,TMN＋Bic＆VLPO＋L-Glu组（n=8）中荷包牡丹碱（Bicuculline,Bic）和L-Glu相继分别微量注射于TMN和VLPO后,大鼠觉醒增加（79.22±3.93,P＜0.01）,NREM（34.82±3.23,P＜0.01）和REM（5.97± 1.10,P＜0.05）以及TST（40.79±3.92,P＜0.01）减少,即TMN注射Bic可拮抗L-Glu在VLPO引起的促睡眠作用.结论 VLPO可通过GABAA受体抑制TMN神经元活动而产生促睡眠作用.     

草果知母汤加减方及其拆方对戊四唑点燃大鼠脑内NMDAR1 mRNA的影响

目的：探讨草果知母汤加减方及其拆方抗癫痫作用机制。方法：使用戊四唑（pentyle-netetrazol,PTZ）点燃大鼠模型,利用原位杂交法定量分析大鼠脑内N-甲基-口天冬氨酸受体1（N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor 1,NMDAR1）mRNA的表达。结果：草果知母汤加减方及其拆方治疗4周后,与模型组比较,全方组和拆方1组海马CA1、皮质内NMDAR1 mRNA表达水平均显著下降（P〈0．01）;拆方2组仅皮质内NMDAR1 mRNA表达水平显著下降（P〈0．01）。结论：草果知母汤加减方及其拆方能降低脑内NMDAR1 mRNA表达,从而起到抗癫痫作用。     

腺苷对大鼠下丘脑视前正中核神经元调控睡眠的作用

目的 研究腺苷(AD)对下丘脑视前正中核(MnPN)神经元调控大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响.方法 将SD大鼠随机分为3组:人工脑脊液(ACSF)组、AD组和硝基苯硫嘌呤核苷(NBTI)组,每组5只.采用脑立体定位、微透析和多导睡眠描计技术观察MnPN区给予AD、NBTI 对大鼠睡眠-觉醒周期的影响.结果 MnPN区微透析A...     

中医院校生理学实验教学中创新性思维培养探讨

通过生理学实验教学内容的优化、学生自行设计性实验、实验教师自身素质的提高和立足于生理实验的大学生科研训练等措施的探讨,可培养中医院校学生科研创新性思维.     

电针足三里对慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠肺功能及白细胞介素-1β和白细胞介素-6的影响

目的观察针刺足三里对慢性阻塞性肺疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)模型大鼠的肺通气功能及白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)和白细胞介素-6(interleukin-6,IL-6)的影响,初步探讨针刺治疗COPD的机制。方法采用香烟烟雾和脂多糖复合法诱导COPD大鼠模型,电针治疗大鼠双侧足三里穴(ST36),连续2周,检测大鼠肺功能,观察肺组织形态学变化,采用放射免疫法检测大鼠肺组织及血浆IL-1β和IL-6含量,对肺功能及白介素的相关性进行Pearson相关分析。结果与模型组比较,电针组大鼠的总气道阻力(the total airway resistance,RL)显著降低(P<0.05),肺动态顺应性(lung dynamiccompliance,Cdyn)显著升高(P<0.05),肺泡总面积与肺组织面积之比呈现增高趋势,细支气管壁厚度显著降低(P<0.05),肺组织匀浆中IL-1β和血浆IL-6含量显著降低(P<0.01)。Pearson相关分析显示,IL-1β及血浆IL-6含量与肺功能RL呈显著正相关,与Cydn呈显著负相关(P<0.05)。结论针刺足三里穴可以下调肺组织IL-1β及血浆IL-6的含量,抑制肺组织炎性反应,这可能是针刺改善肺通气功能的机制之一。     

草果知母汤加减方及其拆方对点燃大鼠脑内GABA和GABAAR mRNA的影响

目的观察草果知母汤加减方及其拆方抗痫作用机制中是否有改变脑内GABA和GABAAR mRNA表达的作用。方法采用戊四唑（PTZ）点燃大鼠模型，应用免疫组织化学法观察GABA在脑内的分布，用原位杂交法定量分析脑内GABAAR的表达。结果草果知母汤加减方及其拆方治疗4周后，点燃大鼠海马CA1区和皮层GABA阳性神经元分布及GABAAR mRNA含量均明显升高，与模型对照组比较有显著差异。结论草果知母汤加减方及其拆方能加强脑内GABA阳性神经元分布及其受体表达，从而能够抑制癫痫发作。     

Effect of electroacupuncture on expressions of acetylcholine and mucin 5AC in the lungs of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease

Objective

To observe the effect of electroacupuncture (EA) on the expressions of acetylcholine (ACh) and mucin 5AC (MUC5AC) in the lungs of rats with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), and explore the mechanism of EA in treating COPD.

Methods

Thirty Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a control group, a COPD group, and an EA group, with 10 rats in each group. The control group was a group of normal rats. The COPD rat model was induced by cigarette smoke combined with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The COPD rats were treated with EA at bilateral Feishu (BL 13) and Zusanli (ST 36) in the EA group, 30 min each time, once a day, successively for 14 d. The lung function was tested. The contents of ACh and MUC5AC in lungs and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pearson method was used to analyze the correlation between pulmonary function and the content of MUC5AC in lungs. The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in lung tissues were detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and Western blot (WB), respectively. The immune response of MUC5AC was observed by immunohistochemistry.

Results

Eight rats were left in each group, and the other two died. Compared with the control group, the total airway resistance (Raw) increased significantly and dynamic compliance (Cdyn) decreased significantly in the COPD group (P<0.01); compared with the COPD group, the Raw level declined significantly and Cdyn increased significantly in the EA group (P<0.01). The contents of ACh and MUC5AC in the lungs and BALF were remarkably higher in the COPD group compared with those in the control group (P<0.01, P<0.001); compared with the COPD group, the contents of ACh and MUC5AC were significantly lower in the EA group (P<0.05, P<0.001). There was a negative correlation between MUC5AC content and lung function (P<0.001). The mRNA and protein expressions of MUC5AC in the lungs were significantly higher in the COPD group than in the control group (P<0.001); compared with the COPD group, the expressions were significantly lower in the EA group (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, the immune response of MUC5AC in the airway epithelium significantly increased in the COPD group (P<0.001); the immune response of MUC5AC was significantly lower in the EA group compared with that in the COPD group (P<0.001).

Conclusion

EA treatment can improve the lung function of COPD rats, which may be related to its effect in the down-regulation of ACh and MUC5AC contents in the lungs as well as the inhibition of mucus hypersecretion.