战斗机热应激指数的应用研究

对美国预测夏季昼间战斗机低空飞行时座舱内热负荷强度的重要指标战斗机热应激指数(fighter index of thermal stress,FITS)进行了应用性试验。选用受试者6名为均已热习服的健康男性青年。试验选择了分别代表FITS警惕区和危险区的温度值和湿度值(分别称为甲组和乙组)。着装条件按中国飞行员配穿个体防护装备。每次暴露时间为90 min。测量环境温度、湿度、皮肤温度、直肠温度、出汗量、心率等指标。结果显示,试验期间甲、乙两组的温度和湿度控制精度均满足了试验要求,受试者生理指标变化与FITS警惕区和危险区的相应生理指标变化接近。提示,该指数有应用于中国空军的可能性。     

摩托车驾驶员佩戴通风孔全盔的热舒适性评定

分析高温环境下摩托车驾驶员佩戴有和无通风孔摩托车全盔对人体热舒适性的影响。4名受试者分别佩戴有和无通风孔(即"无孔头盔组"和"有孔头盔组")的摩托车全盔进行热(40℃)暴露,每次试验时间为60 min。佩戴有通风孔的全盔时,以790 m3/h的风量经通风孔输入头盔。依据皮肤温度、出汗量、主观感觉评价等开展热舒适性评定。两组受试者的温度指标变化均超过舒适水平,属轻度热应激。有孔头盔组与无孔头盔组试验期间的额部皮肤温度比较,前者低于后者,其差别有统计学意义,另外,前者的主观不适感觉评价等级也低于后者。提示,摩托车有孔全盔有利于维持人体的热舒适。     

飞行员新型降温背心冷却效果的评定

目的评价一种以冰胶为制冷介质的降温背心的降温性能。方法试验环境温度为干球温度（Tdb）45℃，湿球温度（Twb）32℃（相对湿度50％）。受试者为6名男性青年。观察其加权平均皮肤温度（Ts）、躯干皮肤温度（Tt）、直肠温度、出汗量和综合热应激指数（CIHS），记录温度舒适性评价等级。结果对比受试者穿与不穿降温背心暴露热环境时的各项生理指标后，前者的各项生理指标均有显著和非常显著性降低，主观舒适性评分等级前者的也明显优于后者。但在使用降温背心过程中，存在受试者躯干局部皮肤温度偏低、感觉略凉的现象。结论该降温背心具有良好的降温性能。建议在重新设计时采取措施纠正躯干局部皮肤温度偏低的现象。     

21世纪高空超高空供氧防护装备的发展

现代航空科学技术的迅速发展正在以其巨大的冲击力，改变着空中作战模式、观点和理论。随着超高空、超音速、超航程、超视距、机动隐身、敏捷性好等特点飞行器的出现，将对飞行员个体特种防护和生命保障方式提出更高的要求。     

人工富氧环境改善急进高原人员睡眠效果的研究

Objective To study the effects of the artificial oxygen-enriched environment (is called "oxygen-enriched room" in short) on sleep efficiency of the people who participate in the mission on plateau with hurry-up entry,and to investigate the anti-hypoxia effect of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization. Methods Eighteen subjects were randomly and averagety allocated into plain group,oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group.Only the later two groups were dispatched to plateau by air.Molecular sieve oxygenerator was used to supply the room with oxygen on 3500 m plateau.The oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group got into the oxygen-enriched rooms and normal rooms respectively at 22 o' clock and took rest till to 9 o' clock next morning.The changes of heart rate (HR) and the saturation of blood oxygen (SaO2) of three groups were recorded and compared between the states of with and without oxygen enrichment.The subjects were monitored by sleep respiration recording and analysis system. Results ①The SaO2 of the oxygen-enriched group was 92.3%±1.0%,and it was significant higher than the state before oxygen enrichment (82.9%±4.2%) and than that of hypoxia group (79.3%±5.9%,P<0.01),but lower than that of plain group (97.3%±0.8%,P<0.05).②There were less deep sleep and more slight sleep in hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group than in plain group.The hypopnea and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of plain group was significant lower than that of hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group (P<0.05).The AHI of the oxygen-enriched group was 28.1±11.9,and it was significant lower than that of hypoxia group (53.2±23.4)(P<0.05).③The normalized low-frequency (Ln) and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) measured in sleep was respectively 89.3±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 in oxygen-enriched group comparing to 90.2±1.8 and 9.9±1.9 in hypoxia group but without statistical difference.The corresponding Ln and LF/HF of plain group was 85.8±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 respectively,significantly higher than those of other two groups (P<0.05).Plain group also showed higher normalized high-frequency than others(P<0.05). Conclusions Oxygen-enriched environment can effectively improve the sleep quality but significantly change heart rate variation (HRV) of the people who participate in the mission with hurry-up entry to plateau.Further studies are still needed to reveal the quantitative effectiveness of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization.     

AO-1型便携式低压供氧器的研制

目的：研制用于对飞行人员进行低气压环境缺氧耐力和高空耐力检查的低压供氧器。方法：进行断续供氧（肺式供氧）和连续供氧。结果：在模拟海拔高度8000m以下气压下供给混合氧，并按模拟海拔高度调节供给混合氧的含氧浓度：在模拟海拔高度8000～12000m气压下供给纯氧。结论：AO-1型便携式低压供氧器的正常供氧、应急供氧性能均能达到生理卫生学要求。便携式低压供氧器还可用于在高原地区进行特殊作业的工作人员。     

人工富氧环境改善急进高原人员睡眠效果的研究

目的 通过研究高原人工富氧环境(简称富氧室)对急进高原人员睡眠的作用,探讨富氧室的抗缺氧效果及其与高原习服的关系. 方法 利用分子筛制氧机在海拔3500 m高原建立富氧室.将18名世居平原人员随机分为富氧组、缺氧组和平原组,每组各6人.平原组不进入高原,富氧组和缺氧组人员乘飞机到达高原后,在未供氧情况下记录2组受试人员的心率和血氧饱和度(arterial oxygen saturation,SaO2).当晚22:00两组人员分别进入富氧室和普通房间,休息至次日上午9:00通过睡眠呼吸记录分析系统,对受试人员进行监测,在同一时间对平原组也进行监测.数据采集完毕后利用系统自带分析软件进行分析. 结果 ①富氧组供氧后SaO2为92.3%.±1.0%,高于供氧前的82.9%±4.2%和缺氧组的79.3%±5.9%(P<0.01),但低于平原组的97.3%±0.8%(P<0.05),且差异均有统计学意义.心率值在富氧组供氧前后及与缺氧组间差异无统计学意义,但均高于平原组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).②睡眠结构富氧组与缺氧组差异无统计学意义,与平原组比较浅睡眠偏多,深睡眠偏少,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.01).低通气次数和呼吸紊乱指数平原组低于缺氧组和富氧组(P<0.01);富氧组呼吸紊乱指数低于缺氧组,两组分别为28.1±11.9和53.2±23.4,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05).③睡眠期间,富氧组和缺氧组的归一化低频功率和低频与高频的比值分别为89.3±2.9、9.4±2.8和90.2±1.8、9.9±1.9,组间差异无统计学意义,但均高于平原组的85.8±2.9和6.4±1.4,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);平原组的归一化高频功率则高于富氧组和缺氧组,且差异有统计学意义(P<0.05). 结论 高原富氧室可以有效改善急进高原人员睡眠情况,但对睡眠期间心率变异性未见显著影响,且与高原习服的关系尚待深入研究. Abstract： Objective To study the effects of the artificial oxygen-enriched environment (is called "oxygen-enriched room" in short) on sleep efficiency of the people who participate in the mission on plateau with hurry-up entry,and to investigate the anti-hypoxia effect of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization. Methods Eighteen subjects were randomly and averagety allocated into plain group,oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group.Only the later two groups were dispatched to plateau by air.Molecular sieve oxygenerator was used to supply the room with oxygen on 3500 m plateau.The oxygen-enriched group and hypoxia group got into the oxygen-enriched rooms and normal rooms respectively at 22 o' clock and took rest till to 9 o' clock next morning.The changes of heart rate (HR) and the saturation of blood oxygen (SaO2) of three groups were recorded and compared between the states of with and without oxygen enrichment.The subjects were monitored by sleep respiration recording and analysis system. Results ①The SaO2 of the oxygen-enriched group was 92.3%±1.0%,and it was significant higher than the state before oxygen enrichment (82.9%±4.2%) and than that of hypoxia group (79.3%±5.9%,P<0.01),but lower than that of plain group (97.3%±0.8%,P<0.05).②There were less deep sleep and more slight sleep in hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group than in plain group.The hypopnea and apnea hypopnea index (AHI) of plain group was significant lower than that of hypoxia group and oxygen-enriched group (P<0.05).The AHI of the oxygen-enriched group was 28.1±11.9,and it was significant lower than that of hypoxia group (53.2±23.4)(P<0.05).③The normalized low-frequency (Ln) and the ratio of low-frequency to high-frequency (LF/HF) measured in sleep was respectively 89.3±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 in oxygen-enriched group comparing to 90.2±1.8 and 9.9±1.9 in hypoxia group but without statistical difference.The corresponding Ln and LF/HF of plain group was 85.8±2.9 and 6.4±1.4 respectively,significantly higher than those of other two groups (P<0.05).Plain group also showed higher normalized high-frequency than others(P<0.05). Conclusions Oxygen-enriched environment can effectively improve the sleep quality but significantly change heart rate variation (HRV) of the people who participate in the mission with hurry-up entry to plateau.Further studies are still needed to reveal the quantitative effectiveness of oxygen-enriched room to plateau acclimatization.     

分子筛制氧机对拉萨地区房间弥散式供氧效果检测

目的：检测分子筛制氧机在拉萨地区房间弥散式供氧效果.方法：检测供氧房间内氧气体积分数、二氧化碳体积分数、检测人员的睡眠血氧饱和度和心率.结果：制氧机开机2h后,房间内的供氧水平可以达到海拔2200m以下高度的氧浓度;供氧房间人员睡眠血氧饱和度高于未供氧房间人员、睡眠心率低于未供氧房间人员.结论：在拉萨地区,分子筛制氧机向房间内进行弥散式供氧可以避免高原缺氧反应的发生.     

中国空军新型歼击机飞行员热应激调查

为了解炎热季节我空军新型歼击机飞行员热应激情况、有针对性地采取热防护措施提供参考依据,我们采用问卷方式了解空军新型歼击机飞行员热应激。结果表明,位于长江以南和东北的机场,在高温季节,歼击机飞行员在飞机起飞前的地面准备阶段、一等战备值班和低空飞行时均产生不同程度的热应激。在夏季,歼击机部队的飞行活动可使飞行员产生热应激,应设法采取有效的防护措施。     

飞行员新型降温背心的研制

为了减轻歼击机飞行员飞行前热暴露阶段的热应激,研制了1种以冰胶为制冷介质的降温背心,分析了与其相配套的保温装具的保温性能.该降温背心设计合理,制冷介质降温性能良、贴合性好,保温装具的保温性能优良.